Philippine Automated Election Overview

PHILIPPINE AUTOMATED ELECTION OVERVIEW
For the explicit information of those who are not familiar with the Philippine
electoral process, especially those outside the country, a Philippine automated
election process1 generally covers the following pre-election, Election Day (e-Day)
and post-election activities:
A. Pre-Election Activities:
1. Election data preparation, which is the collection and verification of
submitted election data from the city/municipal field offices, together with
candidate information and voting jurisdiction information, for input via
import to the Election Management System (EMS);
2. Machine configuration files preparation, which uses the prepared election
data from the previous step to generate the individual machine configuration
files for each voting and canvassing equipment;
This assigns each of the generated configuration files to the target devices or
machines, giving each its unique identity and limiting its valid vote and
canvassing inputs accordingly.
3. Ballot preparation and printing, which uses the same prepared election data
to generate the ballot image files for turnover to the National Printing Office
(NPO)2;
4. Pre-Election Logic and Accuracy Test (PRELAT), which is a centralized
individual test at the central warehouse for correctness of machine
configuration based on the desired destination of use;
5. Mock Election, which is a showcase to a small sample of the general public in
designated sites at a specified publicly-announced schedule of the readiness
of the Automated Election System (AES) for use on e-Day;
6. Source code review, which is an IT-initiative to verify the source codes of the
AES in a centralized and secure environment as a compliance to a
requirement mandated by the law;
1
With the assumption that the customization requirements of the AES have been completed and approved, and the final e-Day
version of the AES is ready for actual use and implementation
2
The NPO is the government agency mandated by law to print the official ballots.
2016 NLE TOR Annex L: Philippine Automated Election Overview
7. Transmission readiness test, which is a test for readiness of all transmission

facilities from designated sources to target destinations;
8. Machine Deployment, which is the delivery of equipment and peripherals,
together with all other related supplies and materials to the designated
destinations at the designated schedules for identified activities;
9. Final Testing and Sealing (FTS), which is an on-site public test of each
configured and deployed machine by actual e-Day players, consisting of the
Board of Election Inspectors (BEI3), candidates and/or their authorized
representatives, accredited civil society organizations (CSOs4), and members
of the media;
10. Software Certification, which is mandated by law to be carried out by a
Technical Evaluation Committee (TEC)5
B. e-Day Activities:
1. Precinct activities:
1.1 Pre-voting preparation, which is a mandatory check by the BEI if all e-
Day equipment (including transmission facilities), supplies and
materials are complete and ready for use;
1.2 Opening of polls, which is a formal announcement by the BEI that
voting is ready to commence, followed by the setting of the voting and
counting equipment to this state, in order to ready the machine to verify
and accept voted ballots;
1.3 Voting proper, which is the actual casting of votes by the registered
voters of the precinct as listed in the Election Day Computerized Voter
List (EDCVL);
1.4 Closing of polls, which is an act to declare that no ballots can no longer
be cast to the machine afterwards, and that counting of votes can
commence;
3
The BEI is a 3-member group, mostly composed of school teachers, which has been mandated by law to manage voting at the
precincts.
4
CSOs (also known as non-government organizations (NGOs) need to be accredited by the COMELEC in order to be able to
participate in these activities.
5
The TEC employs the services of third-party Software Certification company to accomplish this.
2014 Commission on Elections. All rights reserved. Page A-2 of 25 pages

1.5 Counting and consolidation of votes, which is an automatic activity

performed by the vote counting system to be signaled by the closing of
polls;
1.6 Initial printing and authentication of precinct results, which is the
printing of the first eight (8) of the required 30 copies of the precinct
results6, as mandated by law, for announcement purposes;
1.7 Announcement of results, which is the publicly announcement of
results by reading7 from one of the ER copies as printed from the
machine and posting it afterwards on the wall of the polling place for
ready reference, enabling those present to have their own copy;
1.8 Transmission of results, which is the electronic submission of precinct
results tothe city/municipal Board of Canvassers (BOC8) and to other
target destinations, as mandated by law and as prescribed by COMELEC
rules and regulations;
1.9 Random manual audit (RMA) for randomly selected precincts, which is
a parallel manual count of the votes of the ballots, based on prescribed
COMELEC rules and procedures; and
1.10 Post-voting administrative wrap-up, which is a pre-determined
prescribed sequence of administrative steps including printing and
authenticating the remaining 22 ER copies and the precinct statistical
reports, together with the generation of the backup copy of results and
other related files, the printing of the audit trail report, and the pack-up
of the voting and transmission equipment for deployment back to the
central warehouse.
6
The precinct results are officially called as Election Returns, or ER for short.
7
This reading is done to allay fears that results may be changed during or before transmission by the same.
8
The BOC is a 3-member group, composed of one government official from the COMELEC, the Department of Education (DepEd),
and the Department of Justice (DOJ), which has been mandated by law to manage the consolidation and canvass of results from
the precinct or a lower canvassing level and proclaim the winning candidates for the elective offices in the corresponding level.

2. Canvassing9 activities:
2.1 Pre-canvassing preparation, which is a mandatory check by the Board
of Canvassers (BOC)10 if all canvassing equipment (including
transmission facilities), supplies and materials are complete and ready
for use;
2.2 Convening of the BOC, which is a formal declaration that the BOC is
ready to commence with its proceedings, and is signified by initializing
the canvassing system using security keys that have been assigned to the
BOC members, making it ready to receive electronically transmitted
results from the designated precincts or lower canvassing level;
2.3 Canvassing proper, which is an automatic activity performed by the
Consolidation and Canvassing System (CCS) as it waits for electronically
transmitted results to arrive11, using the same for results consolidation
purposes, and may include an occasional generation of canvass report12;
2.4 Initial printing and authentication of canvassing results, which is a
generation of the first eight (8) of the required 22 copies of the canvass
results and other related reports for distribution to political parties,
accredited CSOs, and media as mandated by law;
2.5 Transmission of results, which is the electronic submission of canvass
results of upper level elective positions to the designated next level of
canvassing and to other target destinations, as mandated by law and as
prescribed by COMELEC rules and regulations;
2.6 Proclamation of winning candidates, which shall be based on the
generation of the prescribed election reports from the CCS; and
2.7 Post-canvass administrative wrap-up, which is a pre-determined
prescribed sequence of administrative steps, including the printing and
9
Canvassing is done separately at the city/municipal, district (for one area only), provincial, regional (for the Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) only) and national levels.
10
The BOC is a three-member body, which is mainly composed of a COMELEC representative as the Chairman, and assisted by a
government official from the Department of Education and the Department of Finance or the Department of Justice.
11
For the previous AES in the 2010 and 2013 NLE, results were allowed to be transmitted by manual import into the CCS from the
precinct compact flash (CF) cards and CCS data storage devices.
12
A canvass report is a partial report showing the current standing of candidates based on received transmitted results as of time
report generation, which may be used for partial proclamation of winning candidates for one or more concerned elective position.

authentication of the remaining 22 copies of canvassing reports, together

with the generation of a backup copy of the results and other related
files, the printing of the audit trail report, and the pack-up of all CCS
and transmission equipment for deployment back to the central
warehouse.
C. Post-Election Activities:
1. Reverse logistics, which is a centralized verification of the completeness and
working condition of all deployed equipment at the central warehouse,
including the inventory of returned backup memory devices, and remaining
supplies and materials;
2. RMA centralized verification, which is the preparation of the final report by
a constituted RMA Team (RMAT), headed by a representative from the
accredited CSO, including the verification and validation of the findings of
the RMA reports from the randomly selected precincts;
3. Filing of protests13, which is still accommodated by the law on automated
elections for those who wish to, subject to prescribed COMELEC rules,
guidelines and regulations, including the filing of the prescribed fees; and
4. Backup of Storage Devices, which is the backing up all files contained in
each precinct, city/municipal, provincial, NBOC storage devices including
the storage devices of all AES servers.
For the 2016 National and Local Elections (NLE14), the following are being provided
for more specific information:
A. On Pre-Election Activities:
1. On Election data preparation, the following data shall be gathered, prepared,

verified and approved for input via import15 into the EMS:
13
Verification of protests for the 2010 and 2013 NLE were made by reviewing the ballot images of the contested precinct results, as
stored in the backup storage devices of the voting equipment.
14
National and Local Elections are regularly held in the Philippines every three (3) years on the second Monday of the month of
May, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7166.

1.1 Base or generic election data, which is applicable to all elections, shall
be prepared by the main office:
1.1.1 geographical sub-divisions, such as regions, provinces, cities,
municipalities, and barangays;
1.1.2 voting jurisdictions, such as legislative districts, provincial
districts, city councilor districts;
1.1.3 elective positions and number of seats to be voted for per
position:
1.1.3.1 national level: President, Vice-President, Senators,
Party-List Groups;
1.1.3.2 regional level (for the ARMM only): Regional Governor,
Regional Vice-Governor, Regional Assemblymen;
1.1.3.3 provincial level: Governor, Vice-Governor, Provincial
Board Member;
1.1.3.4 legislative district level: Representative;
1.1.3.5 city/municipal level: Mayor, Vice-Mayor, Councilor;
1.2 The election-specific data used for election configuration purposes
come from the reports that shall be prepared and submitted by the
different COMELEC field offices, also known as the Offices of the
Election Officers (OEOs):
1.2.1 The Project of Precincts (POP16), which is a listing of all
established and clustered precincts17, with the number of
registered voters, in a city/municipality;
1.2.1.1 The POP cannot be finalized unless the Computerized
Voter List (CVL18) is already certified as final.
15
There may be compatibility issues with the imported data that would need to be verified and resolved during this stage.
16
The POP serves as the basis for allocating the number of official ballots, voting machines, forms and supplies, and deputized BEIs
on e-Day.
17
Precincts are geographically and permanently established by law to contain 200 registered voters. The COMELEC can cluster
them, without merging them, for operational efficiency.
18
The CVL is generated using the COMELEC Voter Registration System (VRS), a system that is deployed to all OEOs nationwide for
the purpose of capturing demographic and biometric information of all applicants forregistration, for maintaining the corresponding

1.2.1.2 The POP as submitted by the OEO shall be still subject

to verification by the Election and Barangay Affairs
Department (EBAD) and then to the final approval by
the Commission en Banc19(or En Banc, for brevity).
1.2.1.2.1 All discrepancies shall be clarified with the
concerned field office for correction, which
may entail a process of the POP going back
and forth to the concerned field office and to
the main office.
1.2.1.2.2 This verification process, not to mention the
punctuality of OEO submission, can cause a
delay in the finalization of the POP depending
on the quality and correctness of data as
submitted by the OEO.
1.2.1.2.3 Clustering of established precincts shall be
adopted, wherein a clustered precinct shall
consist of no more than 800 voters.
1.2.2 The Certified List of Candidates (CLC), which is based on the
filed Certificates of Candidacies (CCs):
1.2.2.1 The entries in the CCs shall be encoded by the OEOs using
an in-house developed software application for the
purpose.
1.2.2.2 The submitted list shall still be subject to verification by the
COMELEC Law Department.
1.2.2.3 The list shall be declared official by final approval of the
En Banc in the form of a COMELEC Resolution.
1.3 Identity security data, such as digital certificates or signatures for each
user of each machine configuration shall be generated by the
local voter databases, and for generation of different voter lists and registration reports. Aside from the CVL, it also generates the
POP.
19
The COMELEC is a deliberative quasi-judicial body and is mandated to make its decisions as a group sitting together or en Banc.

Certification Authority (CA) for the Philippine government, which is

the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
1.4 Changes in the election data before its preparation may still be possible
due to plebiscite results that may happen before 2016.
2. On machine configuration files preparation, all the above-mentioned
election data shall be imported into the COMELEC EMS for use in the
preparation of the different machine configurations for each voting/counting,
canvassing and transmission machine, including all AES servers;
2.1 This shall be a pretty straightforward, automated process which would
basically use the election data and automatically generate the different
machine configuration files.
2.2 Configuration files shall also be generated for the AES servers, which
comprise a central server, a backup server, a public transparency server
(or simply, transparency server), and a public website server (or simply,
web server).
3. COMELEC EMS shall generate configuration files for areas included in the
VCM and EVM and shall be imported to the EMS of VCM and EVM.
4. On ballot preparation and printing:

4.1 Ballot image files preparation:
4.1.1 The configuration files imported shall be used to generate the
different ballot faces in Portable Document Format (PDF) or any
other format required by the system.
4.1.2 These shall be printed and turned over to the COMELEC Law
Department for verification purposes, including correctness of all
candidate names and the elective positions they are running for
4.1.2.1 Correctness of the voting jurisdictions and geographical
sub-divisions shall be verified by COMELEC Election
Records and Statistics Department, (ERSD).
4.1.2.2 If there are any corrections, the information is relayed back
to the EMS operators, under the direct supervision of the

Information Technology Department (ITD), for the

modification of the same.
4.1.2.3 This process shall be repeated until there no more ballot
information for correction to be found.
4.1.3 The final verified ballot faces shall be printed for submission to
the En Banc for approval.
4.1.4 The En Banc shall then issue a formal Resolution approving the
ballot faces for printing of the Official Ballots (OBs).
4.2 Actual ballot printing (for VCM):
4.2.1 The equivalent ready-to-print files for the approved ballot faces
shall be generated using the EMS and transmitted to the NPO for
printing20, under direct supervision by the COMELEC Printing
Committee21.
4.2.2 Aside from the OBs, the following ballots are also printed:
4.2.2.1 FTS ballots;
4.2.2.2 Readiness test ballots (for machine acceptance, for
hardware accuracy test (HAT), for field test, for Mock
Elections, and for PRELAT);
4.2.2.3 Training ballots;
4.2.2.4 Software Certification test ballots;
4.2.2.5 Voter education and public information campaign ballots;
4.2.3 All printed blank ballots shall be scanned using a Vote Counting
Machine (VCM) with a precinct-specific configuration for
verification purposes.
4.2.4 The machine-verified OBs shall then be packed by precinct and
labeled accordingly for shipment/deployment to the
20
Representatives and watchers of official candidates may witness the entire ballot printing process.
21
Although NPO has been mandated by law to conduct the printing of Official Ballots, the COMELEC forms a Printing Committee to
directly oversee the ballot printing operations.

corresponding Offices of the Provincial Treasurers (OPT)

nationwide.
5. On the Pre-election Accuracy Test (PRELAT):

5.1 After En Banc approval of the POP, the CLC and the ballot faces, the
EMS-generated location-specific configuration files are programmed
into each VCM/EVM, CCS machine and AES server.
5.1.1 Each VCM/EVM configuration file shall correspond to a specific
precinct only, and should accept ballots for that precinct only.
5.1.2 Each city/municipal, district, provincial, regional and national
CCS configuration file shall correspond to that specific location
only, and shall accept results for those same locations only.
5.1.3 Server configuration files shall also be generated for the four (4)
AES servers.
5.2 Each machine configuration shall be subject to individual verification
for accuracy in the PRELAT.
5.2.1 Each VCM/EVM shall go through a shortened e-Day process by
(1) for VCM, scanning marked precinct-specific PRELAT ballots
to verify correctness of configuration (2) for EVM, by voting using
the manually prepared pre-determined results.
5.2.2 ERs shall be printed to verify correctness of accuracy of vote
count and format of the printed reports.
5.2.3 Precinct results shall be transmitted to the corresponding
configured CCS machine to verify correctness of the CCS
configuration file.
5.2.4 Transmitted city/municipal, district, provincial, regional and
national results shall be consolidated and canvassed accordingly
to verify accuracy of consolidation results and correctness of CCS-
generated reports.
5.2.5 All erroneous machines and configuration files shall be
investigated and corrected, and shall go through the PRELAT

process to re-verify accuracy of count or consolidation and

correctness of configuration files.
5.2.6 A successful PRELAT outcome shall result to a machine which is
ready for packing and deployment to its target destination.
6. On FTS:
6.1 About three (3) to seven (7) days prior to e-Day, all VCMs/EVMs shall
be subjected to a nationwide FTS22 by the BEIs, candidate
representatives and citizens arm watchers.
6.2 In case of VCM:
6.2.1 Blank test ballots, configured exactly as the e-Day OB,
shall be distributed to the FTS participants for voting
purposes.
6.2.2 The marks in the ballots shall be inspected manually by
the corresponding BEIs to verify full and valid markings.
6.2.3 After ensuring that the ballots have been marked fully
and validly, the results shall be tabulated manually by the
BEI.
6.2.4 The marked ballots shall be fed individually to the
corresponding VCM by each FTS voter.
6.3 In case of EVM, the voter shall vote the candidates per position in the
EVM and put the VVPAT in the ballot box.
6.4 The BEI shall execute the closing of elections procedure for each
VCM/EVM to print the ER.
6.5 The machine-printed ER shall be compared with manually counted
precinct results to confirm that they are the same.
6.5.1 In case of discrepancies, the ballots/VVPAT shall be inspected to
determine the possible cause/s.
22
The FTS is an activity that is mandated by law to show the participants that the AES accurately counts votes and accurately
consolidates and canvass results accordingly. The COMELEC prescribes the guidelines for its conduct nationwide.

6.6 After establishing the fact that the VCM/EVM has counted the ballot
marks/VVPAT accurately, a document certifying that the said activity
was conducted shall be signed by the BEI, candidate representatives
and citizens arm watchers.
6.7 The VCM/EVMs shall be re-initialized to make them ready for use on
e-Day.
6.8 The same machines shall be sealed23 by the BEIs, according to the
specified procedures for the purpose, in the presence of the FTS
participants.
B. On e-Day Activities:
1. On voting:
1.1 Voting on e-Day shall start at 7:00 AM and shall end24 at the time
specified by the Commission.
1.2 One VCM shall be installed in the polling place for the clustered precinct
for voting purposes to accept no more than the 800 registered voters. In
case of EVM, one EVM for every 100 voters shall be installed per clustered
precinct.
1.3 The BEI shall formally break the seals of the VCM/EVM in the presence
of the candidates representatives and citizens arm watchers, if any.
1.4 The BEI shall open the voting process by turning on the VCM/EVM and
shall initialize its vote counters, print initialization report, showing proof
to watchers that there are no previous votes stored in it.
1.5 In case of VCM, a voter shall indicate his or her votes by marking the
spaces provided on the ballot opposite the names of his candidates of
choice, and shall feed the marked ballot personally into the VCM.
1.5.1 Under-voting, or voting for less than the required number of seats
for an elective position, shall be allowed.
23
The machines shall be inspected in e-Day to ensure that it has not been touched or opened as sealed since FTS.
24
The law provides that voters within thirty (30) meters in front of the polling place shall be allowed to cast their vote, even after
the designated end of the voting hours, until said voters have all cast their votes.

1.5.2 Abstention, or not voting for any candidate in any position, shall
also be allowed.
1.5.3 Over-voting, or voting for more than the required number of seats
for an elective position, shall not be credit any vote for that affected
position.
1.6 In case of EVM, a voter shall indicate his or her votes by selecting the
candidate directly from the EVM.
1.7 Voting shall proceed following the guidelines set by the Commission.
2. On consolidation and counting of votes:

2.1 At the closing of polls, voting shall be declared closed by the BEI, which
shall execute the Closing of Polls function in the VCM/EVM in order to
start automatic counting and consolidation of votes.
2.1.1 In case of VCM
2.1.1.1Votes in a completely-voted position and in an under-voted
position shall be credited to the candidates corresponding to
the marked spaces intended for them accordingly.
2.1.1.2Votes in an over-voted position shall not be credited to any
candidate in the affected position. All other valid votes for the
remaining positions shall be counted.
2.2 Immediately after the automatic consolidation of votes, the VCM/EVM
shall automatically generate the precinct results.
2.3 The BEI shall print the ER in eight (8) copies in the report format
specified by COMELEC.
2.4 The BEI shall physically sign and affix his thumbprint on all copies and
on all pages of the ER.
2.4.1 The accredited watchers of the candidates and representatives of
political parties shall do the same also.
2.5 The BEI shall post one (1) copy of the ER in the polling place, announce
the results of the voting in the precinct by reading from another copy of
the ER, and distribute the remaining copies as intended.

2.6 The precinct result shall be encrypted and digitally signed in preparation
for its electronic transmission to the City/Municipal Board of Canvassers
(C/M-BOC) and to the central server.
2.6.1 The precincts statistical report and the audit log report (containing
the logs of FTS until closing of voting) shall be transmitted with the
precinct results.
2.7 The BEI shall create a back-up copy of the following files to a removable
data storage device,:
2.7.1 Digitally signed and encrypted precinct results;
2.7.2 Print file of the ER;
2.7.3 Precincts statistical report;
2.7.4 VCMs/EVMs audit log report; and
2.7.5 Digitally signed and encrypted ballot images/VVPAT.
2.8 The BEI shall print the remaining twenty two (22) copies of the ER
afterwards, signing and affixing his thumbprint on the same, as required
by law.
2.8.1 The accredited watchers of candidates and representatives of
political parties shall do the same.
3. On city/municipal canvassing:
3.1 All members of C/M-BOC shall start the canvassing procedure by
logging into the CCS using their designated security keys, and
automatically initializing the system immediately afterwards as proof
that no result for the city/municipality has previously been consolidated.
3.1.1 This shall be done in the presence of the accredited watchers.
3.1.2 An Initialization Report shall be printed from the CCS and shall be
signed by the BOC Chairman and any accredited watcher.
3.2 The BOC shall then wait for the arrival of electronically transmitted
precinct results from the different BEIs under their jurisdiction.

3.2.1 The BOC may generate and print a copy of the Transmission Status
Report, as needed, showing a list of all precincts in the
city/municipality with an indicator of whether the corresponding
results have already been received or not.
3.2.2 The BOC may also generate, as needed, a canvass report using the
electronically transmitted precinct results for the city/municipality
for monitoring and verification purposes.
3.3 Once all precinct results for the city/municipality have been completely
received, the BOC shall execute a function in the CCS to allow automatic
generation of the City/Municipal Certificate of Canvass (C/M-COC), the
Statement of Votes by Precinct (C/M-SOVP) and the Certificate of
Canvass of Votes and Proclamation (C/M-COCP), and print the same in
eight (8) copies.
3.3.1 If precinct results have not yet been completely received and the
remaining precinct results will no longer affect the results or
standing of the winning candidate/s, the system shall allow
generation of a partial canvass report, and other required reports to
push through with the proclamation of winning candidates.
3.3.2 All BOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties
and accredited citizens arm watchers shall physically sign all
copies and all pages of said reports and shall affix their
thumbprints on the same.
3.3.3 The copies shall be distributed as indicated in the prescribed rules
and regulations by COMELEC.
3.4 The CCS-generated city/municipal results shall be digitally signed using
the BOCs security keys, encrypted by the system, and then electronically
transmitted to the corresponding provincial BOC (PBOC) and to the
central server.
3.5 The BOC shall proclaim the winning candidates for City/Municipal
Mayor, Vice-Mayor and City Councilors (or SangguniangPanglunsod) or
Municipal Councilors (or Sangguniang Bayan), whichever is applicable,
based on the printed C/M-COCP.

3.6 The BOC shall print the remaining 22 copies of the C/M-COC, C/M-
SOVP and C/M-COCP.
and accredited citizens arm watchers shall physically sign again on
all copies and all pages of said reports and affix their thumbprints
on the same.
3.7 The BOC shall generate and print one (1) copy of its statistical report and
audit log report using the CCS.
3.8 The BOC is then to create a back-up of the following files to a removable
data storage device, which shall be finalized and closed from further Write
operations:
3.8.1 Digitally signed and encrypted city/municipal election results;
3.8.2 Print file of the C/MCOC, SOVP and C/MCOCP;
3.8.3 Statistical report; and
3.8.4 CCS audit log report.
4. On Provincial Canvassing:
4.1 After the closing of polls, all members of the Provincial Board of
Canvassers (PBOC) shall start the canvassing procedures by logging into
the CCS using their designated security keys, and initialize the system as
proof that no result for the province has previously been consolidated.
4.1.1 This shall be done inthe presence of the accredited watchers.
signed by the PBOC Chairman and any accredited watcher.
4.2 The PBOC is then to wait for the arrival of electronically transmitted
city/municipal results from the different C/M-BOCs under their
jurisdiction.
4.2.1 The PBOC may generate and print a copy of the Transmission
Status Report, as needed, showing a list of all cities/municipalities
with an indicator of whether the corresponding results have
already been received complete or partialor notreceived.

4.2.2 The PBOC may also generate, as needed, a canvass report using the
electronically transmitted city/municipal results for monitoring
and verification purposes.
4.3 Once all city/municipal results have been completely received, the PBOC
shall execute a function in the CCS to automatically close the canvassing
procedure and generate the Provincial Certificate of Canvass (PCOC), the
Statement of Votes by City/Municipal (PSOVC/M) and the Provincial
Certificate of Canvass of Votes and Proclamation (PCOCP), and print the
same in eight (8) copies.
4.3.1 If all city/municipal results have not yet been received completely
and the remaining city/municipal results will no longer affect the
results or standing of the winning candidate/s, the system allow
4.3.2 All PBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties
copies and all pages of said reports and affix their thumbprints on
the same.
4.4 The CCS-generated provincial results shall be digitally signed using the
PBOCs security keys, encrypted by the system, and then electronically
transmitted to the National BOC (NBOC) in COMELEC, and to the
central server, which in turn shall consequently transmit a copy of the
same transmitted files to the web server and to the backup server.
4.4.1 For ARMM provinces, the PBOC is also to transmit to the regional
BOC (RBOC) the corresponding results for Regional Governor and
Vice Governor.
4.5 The PBOC shall proclaim the winning candidates for Provincial
Governor, Vice-Governor, Member of House of Representatives, and
Board Members (or SangguniangPanlalawigan), based on the printed
PCOCP.

8.5.1 For ARMM provinces, the PBOC is also to proclaim the winning
candidates for the Regional Assemblymen position accordingly.
4.6 The PBOC shall print the remaining six (6) copies of the PCOC, PSOV-
C/M and PCOCP.
on the same.
4.7 The PBOC shall generate and print one (1) copy of its statistical report
and audit log report using the CCS.
4.8 The PBOC is then to create a back-up of the following files to a removable
data storage device, which shall be closed from further Write operations:
4.8.1 Digitally signed and encrypted provincial election results;
4.8.2 Print file of the PCOC, PSOV-C/M and PCOCP;
5. On District Canvassing, for the legislative district of Taguig City and Pateros
only:
5.1 After the closing of polls, all members of the District BOC (DBOC) shall
start the canvassing procedure by logging into the CCS using their
designated security keys, and initialize the system as proof that no result
for the district has previously been consolidated.
5.1.1 This shall be done in the presence of the accredited watchers.
signed by the DBOC Chairman and any accredited watcher.
5.2 The DBOC is then to wait for the arrival of electronically transmitted
city/municipal results for the national positions, congressional position
for Pateros and from the first councilor district of Taguig City.

5.2.1 The DBOC may generate and print a copy of the Transmission
Status Report, as needed, with an indicator of whether the
corresponding results have been received complete or partial or not
received.
5.2.2 The DBOC may also generate, as needed, a canvass report using the
electronically transmitted city/municipal results for monitoring
and verification purposes.
5.3 Once the results have been completely received, the BOC shall execute a
function in the CCS to automatically close the canvassing procedure and
generate the District Certificate of Canvass (DCOC), the Statement of
Votes by City/Municipal (SOVC/M) and the District Certificate of
Canvass of Votes and Proclamation (DCOCP), and print the same in eight
(8) copies.
5.3.1 If all city/municipal results have not yet been completely received
and the remaining city/municipal results will no longer affect the
results or standing of the winning candidate/s, the system will
allow generation of a partial canvass report, and other required
reports to push through with the proclamation of winning
candidates.
5.3.2 All DBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties
the same.
5.4 The CCS-generated district results shall be digitally signed using the
BOCs security keys, encrypted by the system, and then electronically
transmitted to the National BOC (NBOC) in COMELEC, and to central
server.
5.4.1 The DBOC shall proclaim the winning candidates for Member of
House of Representatives based on the printed DCOCP.

5.4.2 The DBOC shall print the remaining six (6) copies of the DCOC,
SOVC/M and DCOCP.
on the same.
5.5 The DBOC shall generate and print one (1) copy of its statistical report
5.6 The DBOC is then to create a back-up of the following files to a
removable data storage device, which shall be closed from further Write
operations:
5.6.1 Digitally signed and encrypted district election results;
5.6.2 Print file of the DCOC, SOVC/M and DCOCP;
6. On Regional Canvassing, for ARMM provinces only:

6.1 After the closing of polls, all members of the Regional BOC (RBOC) shall
for the region has previously been consolidated.
6.1.1 If all provincial results have not yet been completely received and
the remaining provincial results will no longer affect the results or
standing of the winning candidate/s, the system will allow
6.1.3 An Initialization Report shall be printed from the CCS,to be signed
by the RBOC Chairman and any accredited watcher.
6.2 The RBOC is then to wait for the arrival of electronically transmitted
provincial results from the different PBOCs in the ARMM.

6.2.1 The BOC may generate and print a copy of the Transmission Status
Report, as needed, showing a list of all provinces with an indicator
of whether the corresponding results have already been received
complete or partial or not received.
electronically transmitted provincial results for monitoring and
6.3 Once all provincial results have been completely received, the BOC shall
execute a function in the CCS to automatically close the canvassing
procedure and generate the Regional Certificate of Canvass (RCOC), the
Statement of Votes by Province (RSOVP) and the Certificate of Canvass
of Votes and Proclamation (RCOCP), and print the same in eight (8)
copies.
6.3.1 All RBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties
the same.
6.4 The CCS-generated regional results shall be digitally signed using the
RBOCs security keys, encrypted by the system, and then electronically
transmitted to the central server, to consequently transmit the same to the
web server and the backup server.
6.5 The RBOC shall proclaim the winning candidates for Regional Governor
and Vice-Governor, based on the printed RCOCP.
6.6 The RBOC shall print the remaining six (6) copies of the RCOC, RSOV by
Province and RCOCP.
6.6.1 All RBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties and
accredited citizens arm watchers shall physically sign again on all copies
and all pages of said reports and affix their thumbprints on the same.
6.7 The RBOC shall generate and print one (1) copy of its statistical report

6.8 The RBOC is then to create a back-up of the following files to a removable
6.8.2 Print file of the RCOC, SOV by Province and RCOCP;
7. OnOverseasVoting (OV) Canvassing:

7.1 After the closing of polls, all members of the Special BOC (SBOC) shall
for the post has previously been consolidated.
7.1.2 An Initialization Report shall be printed from the CCS, to be signed
by the SBOC Chairman and any accredited watcher.
7.2 The SBOC is then to wait for the arrival of electronically transmitted OV
precinct results from the different Special BEIs (SBEIs) under their
jurisdiction.
7.2.1 The SBOC may generate and print a copy of the Transmission
Status Report, as needed, showing a list of all expected precincts
with an indicator of whether the corresponding results have
already been completed or partial or not received.
7.2.2 The SBOC may also generate, as needed, a canvass report using the
electronically transmitted precinct results for monitoring and
7.3 Once all expected OV precinct results have been completely received, the
SBOC shall execute a function in the CCS to automatically close the
canvassing procedure and generate the corresponding COC and the
SOVP, and print the same in eight (8) copies.
7.3.1 All SBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties

the same.
7.4 The SBOC shall print the remaining 22 copies of the COC and SOVP.
7.4.1 All SBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties
on the same.
7.5 The SBOC shall generate and print one (1) copy of its statistical report
7.6 The SBOC is then to create a back-up of the following files to a removable
data storage device, which shall be finalized and closed from further Write
operations:
7.6.1 Encrypted election results;
7.6.2 Print file of the COC and SOVP;
8. On National Canvassing by the COMELEC:

8.1 After the closing of polls, all members of the National BOC (NBOC),
which is composed of the seven (7) members of the Commission sitting
En Banc, shall start the canvassing procedure by logging into the CCS
using their designated security keys, and initialize the system as proof
that no result has previously been consolidated.
8.1.2 An Initialization Report shall be printed from the CCS, to be signed
by the NBOC Chairman and any accredited watcher.
8.2 The NBOC is then to wait for the arrival of electronically transmitted
results from highly-urbanized cities (HUCs), district, and provinces.

8.2.1 The NBOC may generate and print a copy of the Transmission
Status Report, as needed, showing a list of all HUCs, district, and
provinces, with an indicator of whether the corresponding results
have already received complete or partial or not received.
electronically transmitted results for monitoring and verification
purposes.
8.2.3 For the overseas absentee voting (OAV) countries and local
absentee voting (LAV), the results shall be manually encoded into
the CCS.
8.3 Once all expected results have been completely received, the BOC shall
execute a function in the CCS to automatically close the canvassing
procedure and generate the National Certificate of Canvass (NCOC), and
the Statement of Votes (NSOV), and print the same in eight (8) copies.
8.3.1 If provincial results have not yet been completely received and the
remaining provincial results will no longer affect the results or
standing of the winning candidate/s, the system will allow
the same.
8.4 The CCS-generated national results shall be digitally signed using the
NBOCs security keys, encrypted by the system, and then electronically
transmitted to the central server
8.5 The NBOC shall proclaim the winning candidates for Senators and
Party-List Groups.
8.6 The NBOC shall print the remaining six (6) copies of the NCOC and
NSOV.

8.6.1 All NBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties

on the same.
8.7 The NBOC shall generate and print one (1) copy of its statistical report
8.8 The NBOC is then to create a back-up of the following files to a removable
8.8.2 Print file of the NCOC and SOV;

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PHILIPPINE AUTOMATED ELECTION OVERVIEW

7. Transmission readiness test, which is a test for readiness of all transmission

2014 Commission on Elections. All rights reserved. Page A-2 of 25 pages

1.5 Counting and consolidation of votes, which is an automatic activity

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authentication of the remaining 22 copies of canvassing reports, together

1. On Election data preparation, the following data shall be gathered, prepared,

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2014 Commission on Elections. All rights reserved. Page A-6 of 25 pages

1.2.1.2 The POP as submitted by the OEO shall be still subject

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Certification Authority (CA) for the Philippine government, which is

4. On ballot preparation and printing:

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Information Technology Department (ITD), for the

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corresponding Offices of the Provincial Treasurers (OPT)

5. On the Pre-election Accuracy Test (PRELAT):

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process to re-verify accuracy of count or consolidation and

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2. On consolidation and counting of votes:

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6. On Regional Canvassing, for ARMM provinces only:

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7. OnOverseasVoting (OV) Canvassing:

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8. On National Canvassing by the COMELEC:

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8.6.1 All NBOC members, representatives of candidates/political parties

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