Bibliography

Primary Sources

Acme Newspictures. Wendell Willkie, Wife and Governor Ralph Carr in Colorado Springs.
1940. Photograph. Accessed March 1, 2017.
http://www.historicimages.com/1940-press-photo-wendell-l-willkie-gov-ralph-l-carr-of-c
olorado-nex74666.
This picture shows Carr greeting Wendell Willkie, the Republican Presidential nominee,
and his wife. Ralph Carr had declined to run as vice president with Willkie but continued
to campaign for him. At the time Ralph Carr was associated with many prominent
Republican politicians at the national level including Willkie.

Baker, Rufus C. Letter to Ralph L. Carr, April 17, 1942. In Governor Ralph Carrs Collection.
Accessed March 1, 2017.
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Documents%20from%20Governor%
20Ralph%20Carrs%20Collection_0.pdf.
In this letter, Dr. Rufus C Baker, Minister at the First Methodist Church commends and
expresses gratitude for Ralph Carrs actions on behalf of the Ministers Association of
Boulder Colorado. This demonstrated that not everyone disagreed with Ralph Carr and
his defense of Japanese American rights.

Carr, Ralph. Letter to Thomas J. Morrissey, June 1942. In Ralph Carr Collection. Accessed
March 1, 2017.
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Documents%20from%20Governor%
20Ralph%20Carrs%20Collection_0.pdf.
A letter from Ralph Carr to US Attorney General Thomas J Morrissey expressing
concern for interning American citizens and asking for clarification on how to handle
evacuees arriving in Colorado. Because the internment camps were established by the
federal government Ralph Carr was in frequent communication with federal government
officials to find out what was happening to the Japanese American evacuees.

Carr, Ralph L. Letter to George H. Thompson, August 28, 1942. In Governor Ralph Carrs
Collection. Accessed March 1, 2017.
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Documents%20from%20Governor%
20Ralph%20Carrs%20Collection_0.pdf.
This letter from Ralph Carr to the Mayor of Julesburg, Colorado reveals Carrs intentions
to ask the War Relocation Authority about whether Japanese internees could work in
Colorado. Eventually, after he wrote this letter, Carr was able to secure a deal where
internees could come to help with the harvest in Colorado.

Cripple Creek High School. 1890. Photograph. Accessed April 8, 2017.

http://cripplecreek-colorado.com/RalphCarr.htm.
 Photograph of Cripple Creek High School where Ralph Carr went to school. It has since
been renamed Carr Manor in honor of Ralph Carr. In his high school years Ralph Carr
was already developing his writing skills.

Denver Post. No Dumping Here. 1942. Illustration. Accessed March 1, 2017.

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:324808/FULLTEXT03.
An illustration with a clear message: No Dumping Here- State of Colorado. The
cartoon is captioned And we dont mean maybe A lot of newspapers, especially the
Denver Post closely scrutinized Ralph Carrs position on Japanese Americans. He was
often the subject of editorials and cartoons.

Ralph Carr Signing Legislation. November 25, 1940. Photograph. Accessed April 5,
2017.
http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/Portal/Portal.aspx?compo
nent=BasicSearchResults&record=013d36b3-d239-41af-a615-ba219b9220d6.
Photograph of Ralph Carr signing legislation during his time as governor of Colorado.

Ralph L. Carr Sworn In 1941. 1941. Photograph. Accessed March 1, 2017.

http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/06/ralph-carr-colorado-japanese-internment/.
This is a photo of Ralph Carr being sworn in for his second term as Governor of
Colorado in 1940. At the time, he was very popular and had easily won reelection.

Young Ralph Carr circa 1910. 1910. Photograph. Accessed February 28, 2017.
http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/ViewRecord.aspx?templat
e=Object&record=5fa69618-9e0f-403e-a541-a129a9f5fcbc&displayFields=Attachment&
lang=en-US.
This photo of Ralph Carr is from before he became Governor of Colorado. I chose this
for my home page because it is a more formal portrait style photo of him.

Doty, Florence N. Telegram to Ralph L. Carr, telegram, 1942. In Governor Ralph Carr An
Archival Research Handbook to a Colorado Governors Collection, by Ivona Elenton,
29. Accessed March 3, 2017.
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:324808/FULLTEXT03.
A telegram sent warning Governor Carr against welcoming the Japanese evacuees to
Colorado. This telegram reflected the sentiment of many Coloradans.

For a Greater Colorado Re-Elect Gov. Carr. 1940. Illustration. Accessed February 28, 2017.
http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/ViewRecord.aspx?templat
e=Object&record=069654b5-f1f4-485a-858b-8fe06be5bc03&displayFields=Attachment
&lang=en-US.
This postcard was part of Ralph Carrs reelection campaign effort. It highlights his
achievement of balancing Colorados budget as he promised during his first campaign.
This was one of the main reasons Ralph Carr was popular in Colorado and why he
received national attention.
Gov Carr Stakes Political Future on His Jap Stand. In Governor Ralph Carr An Archival
Research Handbook to a Colorado Governors Collection, by Ivona Elenton. Excerpt
from The Denver Post (Denver, CO), 1942. Accessed March 1, 2017.
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:324808/FULLTEXT03.
The Denver Post took special interest in Ralph Carrs stance on Japanese Americans.
This article and headline highlights the political risk Ralph Carr took in order to stick to
his beliefs.

Houses at Amache. Photograph. Accessed March 2, 2017.

http://www.amache.org/photo-archives/.
This is a photograph of Amache or the Grenada Relocation Center located in southeastern
Colorado. As shown in the photo, the camp was built quickly and only had very
rudimentary shelters and amenities when it opened.

Idaho State Historical Society. Memorandum, Chase Clark for Governor, 1941. Accessed
April 1, 2017.
http://idahohistory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16281coll21/id/277.
Campaign poster for Chase Clark, Governor of Idaho during World War II. He was
among the governors that did not welcome Japanese Americans from the West Coast.

Immigration Bill Is Signed by President. 1924. Photograph. Accessed May 13, 2017.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shotaro-oshima/1920s-us-ban-japanese_b_8858260.html.
Newspaper headline announcing the law that would halt all immigration from Japan.
Used for timeline on Japanese immigration in America. Photo was published in
Huffington Post article but was originally from Rarenewspapers.com.

Internees Working in the Fields. Photograph. Accessed March 3, 2017.

http://www.amache.org/photo-archives/.
This photo is of Japanese internees at Amache who are working in the fields. Many of the
internees wanted to work and Ralph Carr tried to help them although they were under
federal jurisdiction.

Iwasaki, Hikaru. Granada Relocation Center Closes. October 15, 1945. Photograph. Accessed
February 28, 2017.
http://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/Educators/Amache_primary_resou
rce_set.pdf.
This picture was taken on the day Amache closed in 1945. Mr. Yamamoto is shaking
hands with the Project Director James G Lindley.

Jackson, William H. 346T Street Scene at Fremont, Cripple Creek. Photograph. Accessed March
1, 2017.
http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/ViewRecord.aspx?templat
e=Object&record=f3d1263f-d6a3-4f34-b081-541d7a7180e8&displayFields=Attachment
&lang=en-US.
 This photograph features a busy street in Cripple Creek, the area Ralph Carr grew up in.
It was an area with a lot of diversity because of its mining camps.

Pete Hettig-The First Cabin-opposite National Hotel-Cripple Creek. July 1891.

Photograph. Accessed April 5, 2017.
http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/ViewRecord.aspx?templat
e=Object&record=7290ff25-21a9-4e41-b3c7-62ad582196fe&displayFields=Attachment
&lang=en-US.
A photograph of one of the early cabins in Cripple Creek, Colorado where Ralph Carr
lived. Ralph Carr grew up in this developing area that allowed him to interact with many
diverse people.

Japanese Immigrants in Hawaii. 1885. Photograph. Accessed May 13, 2017.

https://macaulay.cuny.edu/eportfolios/viscusi16/2016/05/06/the-peopling-of-america-the-
farmers-and-the-japanese/.
Photograph of the first group of Japanese immigrants that arrive to Hawaii to work on the
plantations. Soon after reaching Hawaii, many more Japanese immigrants began to move
to the West Coast. Used photo in timeline.

Kansas State Library. Payne Ratner (1939-1943). Photograph. Accessed April 1, 2017.
https://kslib.info/930/Payne-Ratner-1939-1943.
Photograph of Kansas Governor Payne Ratner who was especially vocal about the entry
of enemy aliens into his state.

King, George. Letter to Ralph L. Carr, March 2, 1942. In Governor Ralph Carr An Archival
Research Handbook to a Colorado Governors Collection, by Ivona Elenton, 30.
Accessed March 3, 2017.
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:324808/FULLTEXT03.
An angry and concise letter written by a resident of Colorado, George King, who did not
approve of Japanese Americans moving to Colorado. Many Coloradans were vocal about
their dissatisfaction with Ralph Carrs welcoming actions.

Konishi, Marion. America, Our Hope Is In You. Speech, June 25, 1943. In Japanese
Imprisonment At Amache, by Christian Heimburger. Accessed February 28, 2017.
http://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/Educators/Amache_primary_resou
rce_set.pdf.
This powerful speech was given by Marion Konishi during the graduation ceremony at
Grenada High School in 1943. In the speech, Marion explains why she still has faith in
America. She looks back at history and observes that America has made mistakes before
but has always corrected them.

Lange, Dorothea. Children Pledging Allegiance to the American Flag at San Franciscos Raphael
Weill Elementary School. 1942. Photograph. Accessed April 6, 2017.
https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/rarely-seen-photos-japanese-internment-dorot
hea-lange/.
 Photograph of young children at an elementary school in San Francisco reciting the
Pledge of Allegiance. Among the group many (including the boy holding the flag) are of
Japanese descent.

Japanese Americans Registration. 1942. Photograph. Accessed April 12, 2017.

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2017/02/08/blogs/rarely-seen-photos-of-japanese-inte
rnment/s/08-lens-lange-slide-TQXF.html.
Photograph of a group of Japanese Americans in San Francisco waiting to register
themselves before being sent away to internment camps. A notice for evacuation is
clearly visible in the background. I liked this photo because of the concern on the face of
the young Japanese lady that reveals the fear and confusion many felt at the time.

Order to Evacuate Japanese Americans from San Francisco. 1942. Photograph. Accessed
March 1, 2017. https://research.archives.gov/id/536018.
This flyer directed the removal of people of Japanese ancestry from San Francisco. It was
issued by Lieutenant General J.L. DeWitt on April 1, 1942, several months after
Executive Order 9066.

A Sign in Oakland, California. 1942. Photograph. Accessed April 6, 2017.

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2017/02/08/blogs/rarely-seen-photos-of-japanese-inte
rnment/s/08-lens-lange-slide-7SSZ.html.
Photograph of sign that says I am an American in California. Already anticipating
animosity, it was posted by a bookstore owner the day after Pearl Harbor. I paired this
photo with another photo that said Japs, Keep Moving to show the direct tension at the
time of Executive Order 9066.

Mahoney, Charles T. Memorandum, Native Sons of Colorado Your Nation Is at War, 1942. In
Documents from Governor Ralph Carrs Collection 1939-1943. Accessed March 1, 2017.
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Documents%20from%20Governor%
20Ralph%20Carrs%20Collection_0.pdf.
In this memo, the Sons of Colorado urges residents to keep Japanese aliens from coming
into the state. It warns of Japanese threat and the Yellow Peril.

Main Street in Antonito. 1920. Photograph. Accessed April 8, 2017.

http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/Portal/Portal.aspx?compo
nent=BasicSearchResults&record=83214c4e-fb59-413b-83e9-4883b05d5ae6.
Photograph of the Main Street of Antonito, a small town in Colorado, where Ralph Carr
worked as a lawyer. He was soon trusted and respected by many in the region including a
small community of Japanese Americans.

Mazzula, Fred. Ralph Carrs Funeral. September 26, 1950. Photograph. Accessed February 28,
2017.
http://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/ViewRecord.aspx?templat
e=Object&record=541e6b7b-6d8c-4415-b97c-52c948f35de7&displayFields=Attachment
&lang=en-US.
 This is a photograph taken at Ralph Carrs funeral. He died September 22, 1950 at age
65. He was in the midst of running for Colorado governor again after a hiatus from
politics.

McClellan, Joe. Amache Elementary children landscaping the grounds. April 24, 1943.
Photograph. Accessed April 13, 2017. http://www.amache.org/photo-gallery/.
I included this photograph in the Amache section because I thought it was contrasting to
see children doing something so ordinary despite being in an internment camp. The
photograph is from the Amache Preservation Society.

Nast, Thomas. For Heavens Sake Do Not Embarrass the Administration! November 10,
1906. Illustration. Accessed May 13, 2017.
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/1110.html.
This political cartoon is commentary on the San Francisco Board of Educations
segregation order for Asian children in the public school system. Published in New York,
the illustrator is clearly against the segregation order. The caption, For Heavens Sake
Do Not Embarrass the Administration refers to Roosevelts administration. The federal
government had to deal with a lot of backlash from Japan because of the Board of
Education.

Norred, Cyrril F. Group of Japanese Women, Men and Young Girls. 1920. Photograph. Accessed
March 1, 2017.
http://digital.denverlibrary.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15330coll22/id/30363/rec/24.
Photo of group of Japanese Americans in front of Colorado Times newspaper office. The
women and girls are wearing kimonos but all of them are holding American flags.

Photo of Ralph Carr giving radio speech. January 8, 1943. Photograph. Accessed March 1, 2017.
http://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/Educators/Amache_primary_resou
rce_set.pdf.
This is a photo of Ralph Carr addressing the state in a radio speech in 1943.

President Ronald Reagan Announcing the 1988 Civil Liberties Act. Video file. Youtube.
Posted by Densho, February 17, 2015. Accessed March 2, 2017.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtCZgvYaXQ4.
This is a video of Ronald Reagan announcing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. He admits
the United States made a mistake. The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 granted reparations for
Japanese Americans who had been interned during World War II.

Ralph Carr and Lowell Thomas. Photograph. Accessed April 12, 2017.
http://coloradorestlessnative.blogspot.com/2008/12/ralph-carr-sharpened-his-wits-in.html
.
Photograph of Ralph Carr and Lowell Thomas in front of vacant Records building in
Victor, Colorado. Ralph Carr and Lowell Thomas were friends from the same region in
Colorado before they became famous.
Ralph Carr on Bike. Photograph. Accessed April 13, 2017.
http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/06/ralph-carr-colorado-japanese-internment/.
Photograph of Governor Ralph Carr traveling on a bike. I used this photo for the button
image for defeat in senate race because it shows Ralph Carr busing during his
campaign. The photo was found in a Denver Post article although originally from History
Colorado.

Sign Promoting Alien Law in California. Photograph. Accessed May 13, 2017.
http://thesociologicalcinema.tumblr.com/post/109546463725/vote-yes-on-proposition-no-
1-alien-land-law.
This photograph of a sign urging citizens to vote yes for the Alien Land Law in
California was perfect for my timeline because it specifically calls out the Japanese. The
law bans all Asian immigrants from owning land however, the creator of the sign appears
to especially take issue with Japanese immigrants. This could be due to the Japanese
Americans share of the land in California.

State Historical Society of North Dakota. John Moses. Photograph. History North Dakota.
Accessed April 1, 2017. http://www.history.nd.gov/exhibits/governors/governors22.html.
Photograph of John Moses, who was Governor of North Dakota during World War II. He
expressed opposition to Japanese Americans relocating to North Dakota claiming they
could not be integrated.

Swain, Alva A. Governor Ralph Carr Is Visiting with Republican Leaders In the East.
Steamboat Pilot (Steamboat Springs, CO), October 26, 1939. Accessed March 1, 2017.
https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=STP19391026.2.4
4&e=--1950---1950--en-50--1--txt-txIN-ralph+carr+-------0-.
This article describes Ralph Carrs meetings with party elite on the East coast including
Herbert Hoover and Tom Dewey.

Takeshita, Carolyn. E-mail interview by the author. April 8, 2017.

I was able to contact Carolyn Takeshita through the Japanese American Resource Center
of Colorado. She serves as a board member and she was kind enough of to share her story
and how Ralph Carr impacted her life. Carolyn was very young when her family was
forced to move from Los Angeles to an internment camp in Arizona. However, her father
volunteered to work in Colorado under Ralph Carrs promise that they could stay and
have an improved quality of life. This interview was invaluable for learning more about
the direct impact Ralph Carr had on the lives of Japanese Americans.

Taniwaki, Marge. Telephone interview by the author. April 2, 2017.

Marge Taniwaki is a former incarcee at the Mazanar internment camp in California. I was
put into contact with her through the Mile High Chapter of the JACL. When she moved
to Colorado she was very interested in Ralph Carrs story and she did some of her own
research on him.
Theodore Roosevelt with Russian and Japanese Diplomats at Portsmouth. 1905. Photograph.
Accessed May 13, 2017.
http://apjjf.org/2012/10/37/Richard-J.-Smethurst/3825/article.html.
This photograph, while not of Theodore Roosevelt negotiating the Gentlemans
Agreement, shows the US presidents interactions with Japanese diplomats a couple years
prior. In that time period, the relationship between the two countries was already tense.

University of Arizona. Portrait of Governor Sidney P. Osborn. Photograph. Accessed April 1,

2017. http://speccoll.library.arizona.edu/portrait-governor-sidney-p-osborn.
Governor of Arizona Sidney Osborn opposed Executive Order 9066 and the proposal to
relocate Japanese Americans to Arizona.

USS Arizona Sinking. December 7, 1941. Photograph. Accessed April 5, 2017.

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history/pictures/pearl-harbor/m
ortally-wounded-and-sinking.
Photograph of the USS Arizona, one of the ships at Pearl Harbor, sinking as a result of
the Japanese attack. Pearl Harbor was the catalyst for Americas entrance into World War
II.

Wada/Homma Family Collection. Newly planted trees at Amache (Granada) concentration

camp. 1942. Photograph. Accessed April 13, 2017.
http://www.amache.org/photo-gallery/.
Photograph of Amache that I included to show what the camp looked like when it
opened.

Young Women from the Shig Osawa Sewing School. August 10, 1924. Photograph. Accessed
May 13, 2017.
http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Paci
fic%20Northwest%20History/Lessons/Lesson%2022/22.html.
Photograph of a group of Japanese American ladies in a sewing society. By the 1920s
when this photo was taken, the Japanese community was well established and had many
community organizations. Used this photo as title picture of slideshow.

Secondary Sources

Amache.org. Amache and Japanese American Timeline. Amache.org. Accessed March 1,

2017. http://www.amache.org/timeline/.
A comprehensive timeline from the Amache Preservation Society that lists the important
dates of arrivals and activities at Amache.

Asakawa, Gil. Resettlement in Denver. Densho Encyclopedia. Last modified June 29, 2015.
Accessed March 1, 2017.
http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Resettlement%20in%20Denver/.
 Encyclopedia article on Japanese Americans in the Denver area before, during, and after
World War II.

Carrigan, Rob. Ralph Carr Sharpened His Wits in the District. Restless Native (blog). Entry
posted December 21, 2008. Accessed April 12, 2017.
http://coloradorestlessnative.blogspot.com/2008/12/ralph-carr-sharpened-his-wits-in.html
.
This blogpost had good description of Carrs early life and his relationship with Thomas
Lowell including a great photo of the two in front of an abandoned building. Also had
details on Ralph Carrs career as an attorney and newspaper editor that was helpful.

Civil Liberties Public Education Fund. List of Detention Camps, Temporary Detention Centers,
and Department of Justice Internment Camps. MomoMedia. Accessed April 2, 2017.
http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/camps.html.
Webpage with a list and description of the detention camps in the United States during
World War II. Includes statistics and brief descriptions that helped me build the
interactive Google map on the Amache page.

Colorado Encyclopedia. Ralph Carr. Colorado Encyclopedia. Last modified 2002. Accessed
February 27, 2017. http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/ralph-carr.
Great brief introduction to Ralph Carr with many basic facts I needed.

Densho. Carolyn Takeshita. Photograph. April 9, 2015. Accessed April 12, 2017.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZHFWmUR3ZY.
Photograph of Carolyn Takeshita from a video clip of her interview for Densho about her
experience in an internment camp. I used this photo with a quote from her about how she
came to Colorado.

Important Moments in Japanese American History Before,After, and During World II

Mass Incarceration. Densho. Accessed February 27, 2017.
http://www.densho.org/timeline/.
A history of Japanese Americans that includes many previous acts of discrimination and
injustice prior to World War II. This included the Naturalization Act of 1790 and Ozawa
v. United States.

Department of Homeland Security. Immigration from Japan, 1860-2008. Chart.

ImmigrationToUnitedStates. Accessed May 13, 2017.
http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/663-japanese-immigrants.html.
Graph that shows immigration from Japan from 1800s to present. The clear peak is
1900-1909. According to the website, the graph was from Department of Homeland
Security, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, 2008 and the figures include only
immigrants who obtained legal permanent resident status.

Duncan, E. E. Governor Ralph Carr: Defender of Japanese Americans. Palmer Lake, Colo.:
Filter Press, 2011.
 This book is short and simple and gave me an excellent overview of Ralph Carrs life. In
particular, it was helpful for learning about his childhood and early life.

Gobetz, Wally. Bust of Ralph Carr. Photograph. Flickr. August 23, 2010. Accessed April 6,
2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/4956223114.
Bust of Ralph Carr in Sakura Square installed by Denvers Japanese American
community in 1976. One of the many ways Ralph Carr has been recognized since World
War II.

The History Of Immigration Law In America Is Rich And Rolling. HistoryThings. Last
modified January 5, 2017. Accessed May 13, 2017.
http://historythings.com/history-immigration-law-america-rich-still-rolling/.
This webpage highlighted a section of the Naturalization Act of 1790 that was very
important. The words a free white person is what barred Japanese Americans (and
many other groups of immigrants) from attaining citizenship. I used this section of the
law in the timeline for In Re Saito.

KUSA TV. How Pearl Harbor Looked in Colorado. Video file. 9News. December 7, 2016.
Accessed March 1, 2017.
http://www.9news.com/entertainment/television/programs/next-with-kyle-clark/denvers-
headlines-after-pearl-harbor-attack-from-rocky-mountain-news/365306930.
This news clip from 9News ran on the 75th anniversary of Pearl Harbor. Kyle Clark
shows how the news of the attack reached Colorados newspapers.

Maeda, Daryl J. Japanese Americans in Colorado. 2009. In Enduring Communities, 83-86.

Accessed February 25, 2017.
http://media.janm.org/projects/ec/pdf/EC-CO-Kurtz-All.pdf.
This essay was very helpful for me to understand the Japanese community in Colorado. It
contains specific numbers as to how many Japanese Americans there were over the 20th
century. There was also information about the activities of those at Amache.

Matthews, Mark K. Donald Trumps focus on Muslims is troubling for Colorado survivors of
Japanese-American internment camps in WWII. The Denver Post (Denver, CO),
November 27, 2016. Accessed April 12, 2017.
http://www.denverpost.com/2016/11/27/trump-muslim-japanese-american-internment-ca
mp/.
This article aided me in making a modern day connection and emphasizing how
important Ralph Carrs story is. I thought it was very interesting how former internees are
now concerned about the rhetoric and actions against Muslims in the country.

Paul, Jesse. In Gov. Ralph Carr, Colorado Has a Shining Light in the Painful History of
Japanese Internment. The Denver Post (Denver, CO), December 6, 2016. Accessed
April 8, 2017.
http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/06/ralph-carr-colorado-japanese-internment/.
 A recent article from the Denver Post about the legacy of Ralph Carr. Contains good
quotes and pictures of Ralph Carr and also modern day reflections about his actions and
story.

Pearl, Josh. Japanese Population by Generation. Chart. Dartmouth.edu. February 12, 2016.
Accessed March 3, 2017.
https://sites.dartmouth.edu/censushistory/2016/02/12/japanese-american-eastward-migrati
on-1900-1970/.
This chart was published in an article from Dartmouth about Japanese American
Eastward migration (1900-1970). Its a clear chart that shows the difference between the
Issei and Nissei generation population. I like how it shows the trend of the growing
proportion of Nissei Japanese Americans.

Reeves, Richard. Infamy: The Shocking Story of the Japanese American Internment in World
War II. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2015.
An in-depth book about Japanese internment. While it only mentions Ralph Carr once,
the book provided me with excellent background on the experience of Japanese
Americans during World War II.

Schrager, Adam. The Principled Politician: Governor Ralph Carr and the Fight against
Japanese American Internment. Trade pbk. ed. Golden, Colo.: Fulcrum, 2009.
This book was instrumental to my research. It provided a detailed narrative of Ralph
Carrs story. It helped me grasp the character and personality of Ralph Carr and
contained many facts about him I couldnt find anywhere else. In addition, several
pictures were scanned from the book as I could not find a digital copy online.

Ward, Kyle Roy. History in the Making: An Absorbing Look at How American History Has
Changed in the Telling over the Last 200 Years. New York: New Press, 2006.
This is an interesting book that tracks they way history has been taught and described
through textbooks of the time. The book has a section on immigration and Japanese
internment that provided valuable insight as to how Japanese immigrants were viewed in
the context of the early 20th century.