Tengo-Vengo, an Update

Author(s): Donald Edgar Lenfest

Source: Hispania, Vol. 76, No. 3 (Sep., 1993), pp. 634-644
Published by: American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/343842
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 from generation to generation and that ev n est being that yod, in a perfectly normal evo-
agre ment, it is perhaps useful:O1Doh)itonoWearldesvbEiedeywgaanr(M?L/eennnivdfene,ssdtieyz Pidal 29 ). The most rec nt hy-
THEORETICAL LINGUISTICS
Prepared byJohn Lipski

Tengo-Vengo, an U

revised set of hypothes to explain the ori- mance philo gy, Meyer-Ltibke (246),
Abstract: In the development of tengo vengo from TENBO VENIO the flexional vowels becam

stem vowels from/El to /e/ blocking diphthongization. According to different hypo

stem-final /n/, became /g/, or dropped as a result of paradigmatic pressure. Since -Ijo! w

the -V(C) flexions of other stem-stressed forms, yod may have disappeared, leaving

forms. Although they could have been regnlarized by the anabogicab extension of the diphth

siento miento, they immediately attracted a velar insert, which both lengthened them

pers. sing. pres. md. Tengo vengo not only matched the -ngo conflgnration of other v

the popular inclination for redundant marking, which proved to be an acceptable alt

1.AInretvrieoducw of stchioolnarlythwoongirks tzhaattitorenatofthe t/hc Ietos/tee/m(Crvowead ockl64i)n, thtehreeisresofmleexcoens-

ment of absolute uniformity among st

Key Words: historical liagnistics, verb morphology, paradigmatic pressure, yod (lo

extension, redundant marking

evolution of Latin TENEO VEMO to Spanish troversy about what hap ened to yod after it
conclusions have be n pas ed on uncritical y would se m to be thre hypotheses, the old-
tengo vengo reveals that some of the earliest caused metaphony of the stem vowel. There
of TENEO VEMO by r

umaponnytahuethLoatrisnteotyabmana.doGinvternadtihteiornealluecxtapnlacneao-fca*bvefformwhsitcehngweorveenlagtoer(Mreeyplearc-eLdi bbykean24al6o)g. iA-

today ther is lit le consensu about he nature bution, was absorbed uring the pal talization
and sequence of sound changes which acted of the stem-final consonant,

Pquideanl'tslyinfrleuietnertiaatletdr,e2at)mtoenatnoaflytzheeMeprnobdlnemde,z3d)i*gtmenaoti*c vperneos,upraer,alcerleaintincagnounnidcaelrlfyoirnmgtfooretmys-
tons and the necessity to probe areas of dis- second hypothesis is that yod became g

the hypothes which ave be n most fre- pothesi is that yod rop ed as a result of pan-

to discus some recent explanations 5) to it in the pas age from Vulgar Latin to Old
to demonstrate the negative effect of some mobogical *pono OSp.

structuring, 6) to consider the morphological became teo veo ac ording to regular sound
older ideas upon subsequent scholarship, 4) which either never had

review the hypothesis that boss offlexionalyod Sp

was the fundamental cause for analogical re -Proponents of the id

2.AlThethoufgahtteheorfe sfelemxsiotonable nyoeadrby32u0n)a,niWi- tallkaizmiantoinsognoncoofn(1tNe9mb7yp8o,ar2af8roy-l2os9cwh)ionalganryosd, dMal waolkysidesbo((21ea99r75l4y-,

status of the velar insert and 7) to propose a change include, amon

ginoftengovengo. Hnnssen (23), and Bourciez (216-17), and,

mous agre ment that the hiatic Band I of the in the history of the language that reflexes of
Latin flexion became yod and blocked diph- TENEO v.EMO could nothave escaped the pro-
96). These investigators believe that the pala-

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 bRteonmgoand(c2e1u6cI-ne1dt7e)ir;nftlhMxaatltkiiose,nlt's(hI)"eNa(l3wt2e8rP,nanotbiotlenm4os3f)iaannmd-otrahegdoinyrsietasmBboiacusrecxdipeozla'snatnhiaelnoagltifceartlepanrtgioopnovreotnfigontrhaando
Pioctedhsaelrwhe1Ro97mr,ean1b5cy2e)VI.laConNgmBAuapage-rsi,vintgfhfaeSyp,afn(iMinsdhenswidndeupthorWiztSllpokgainincsiasolhnpr(ha1o6ps4oc-ro6tmi5o)ne. Itbnoyatsthuhegrdeeesf-tepinnasgtemtohofanttovhgeerrbaaspnh,n-of
TENGO-VEN

Srtpieolaanintfiiswao"hnvsfseho'7tirpohmatastor,ettteheannecggoneoepxvevtteenndsgotgeaops. rBotisehsuteuorlocteirexeidzpg'lsifanisrnauolggemtahbeasuin-rnvisdAsaadtneuaiddceebfoofmerfroamsmnuybechtlrhascvekeolrfiobkftsehflwoeirhecoqluualsdedntc(ha1hy9av7atem8,*2coto8ne)mgo. pi*nevdneio--

for their position in Portuguese tenho venho the -'ier class

and in Old Italian tegno vegno. Middle Ages than they are now and that the

alongaibcoabgficraalopwirotphorettyionrnforbaoogi:cfarbafnrgano:go*tcerfeatoe:dneWivelkrinexsoisnt'seda,ppeearlhtaopsnutmhebebresstisatrhgautmbeannt-
ranefcereonfcethteoafnrafboogfircaanlgporoinpotrhteioMnaninuasludbesewa-sfilnefatl cinonasnonunatetn(aCbAlePpIOosi/t*oknajwpho/enquveerpoi)t
anoatniotenioqnuofivtthaelanetngotchevee=ncgngoom.,Dpwhieestpitictioehntbhbeeedvtwatloiedtinthyeforcfar7etoh-icgshubaaongtgeheedwaveodlusucmottiivoenrelfolgriiekcqeualnyednttmahlyejobrrauistneysmorcuoburepn.htIenermthteose
ftrioanngoof, ttaetnagnogovceonugldo,hbaevceaulesde ettoytmheolfoogricmala-exttenen-syioenn-th(AatlvraresaunltdedPoffroimer t2he1)sapnrdeatdhoefvetlhaer
syl ogism, there was early op osition to the case of tengo vengo, the focus of anabogical

f(r-NaoGPtaRiEo)atnydpebweecarueseusvederlbess offretqhueen-t*leyrtbhaerpizoipnuglaerfityecotfotfhepavrealadriginmsaetritc, apcrteinsgursiemaunbd-

frango tango were receding before analogical inchoative infix (Malkieb 1989,212). The regu-

than tener venir (Ford 297). Siniilar arguments taneously on the refl

against the influence of frango tango have provide not only

hthyepbotahckesoisftdhoactumtheentaaltreyrnevatidioenncferoaff tohferaenxg-ccro,uAsld pfaobrattahbeizheyspteomth-efsiinsalthN,atfweiexfioinndalyreoldevwaanst

in Alvar and Pot ier's Mof bogia histdrica del frango, forms which wer at best peripheral
espaob (221). Another argument against the to tengo vengo.

iSnpaVunislhga,rthLeaytinbeohnalvyetdoifdiesrapenetalyr ifnropmreltihteerirar-yero,f-"iPrr."eAsetnhteesocuotnseyt,odhededreicvlaatrievsa, e"nEnloessvpearfbioobs

tao tango bed to the creation of tengo vengois lost through par

istence of *tef o *veo lf these forms evolved observations in Mendndez Pidal's explanation

wht"iOtniiocnthhipenrwhoacvioodlreedeapvnhicdoeennwiecteticho,fMamoplrkropileohbno'sgloeagdxiiccoaomlmatpnhedat-Otycoaedsmofsolsepixaniroadneiajglaurdaelasasartpsraeorcedocein6SiTe:nITMIbM-aE-SmnPtseeymoheri.zisao' d(T2eI9Ml0o)-s.
s(y1nt9ac6ti8c ,v2ar5ian).tsmaare kinnownasto stuhrveiveosindelSyincienfliextiionaall ycood nwassounnliakenlyttoifnusetwihteh
cognates in Old Provenal and in Old Italian, podemos decir en

franDgesop:it*etedoe:ntiaelnsgtohcatoutlhdebperaoproeratsioonnafbrlaeffofrleixtsioenlailmpianraatdioignm. Be, tchaeurseewathse sctarnoonngicparlefsourrme

by side for an astonishing length of time" the stem-final M o

explanation of tengo vengo, the influence of this for the fiexional endin

qeGasuperanoctbiaastd(u2ed04iDie),se.ignTohL'siastGrhsorloaupmt'isdoTnthiciesaEohivfosleturdteirdoincianofDIorwoOi-tuslOSedlfepvb.eeoncytouoma)l.eyBua hsttaevemev-pefnailinnnatclaalciszoeensdwsoshenteamnret-f(yoiAnuad-l
suggestion is evident in Mendndez Pidal's dicative verbs was -V(C)

gramdticahist6uicaespaolaandintheappear- did not undergo metathesis with the stem-

Spanish (128) and in Lloyd's From Latin to consonants, for example, after stem-final N
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pnseaodtuinedivncthineabteghx smcae(.2Hofe0/-wt2jr/1o,t)/e.,k"j/Ebas(MtnaITbyOog-diaorsieglunhtiaol"zno(t2h0g4at,).iRascebaonstihckap,dionhrocai,snIialtcoregdituncapicdolnesa
ahasnitsdutaeLtni(oecdnf.iitnPos trdihtes.atflpepenexiazirooannvaacllekpa,olr)e,aadvitiigsnmgantprohmeoabslatobeumlsy-vncepoarilrlinteirbaonenx,plplheaafncaiottpieolsannOSsgd'bap.s(epba2d92op)n.ba1aInnngoaflolugaeinncdaclePodprrbyot-.
636 HISPANIA76 SEPTEMBER1993

pvineretbaascrtwaeitbdha.sctomeenms-ofnninatnalstNeaoprbrLeo,cuMdteenn6ttnehdneezoPbVidoEaNsl sIOiono-efdv.eTfnhgieoey.xTeixhopelnapinarbinoctyipooanlldyexFscAeeCpItOmio-nhsatgtooo,
fiofnyoInadlMeicnon6n-ensrdo-ebnz-avPneirdtbals'i,snwedtiasccfuitns.ditotenhnaothofhethveewabnsohosalsaoderg.egsUnfuplairtoerotrtunhspaetoierrlayd,iircinresohiulensvddiacsnhcucansegioetnoofoefyoitvehdrebtros
aware of the tendency to resist pabatal zation with stem-final N or L, he abandons his val d
iwhnodneftlloiauosencnplawaceirimnssoesnldoaabtsterhrseianaltadyootcphodtneesnodcoonbnbaynseotGapnde'arrn(mc2ti9ai0twad)i.6eThiseDijpeerrsgceueo-rn,Alnacoonttmlhuyeroautslogt,ohtsphinste.hcfeeofrcrmliacsiamtuinvtdehesartarcyooenusdnidlbiekerceatlayimonteo,gabenids-
when it would create morphophonemic alter- hypothesis about the loss of yod to propose a

nmaPseoartstv"iiece(dr2p0"hr4pea)vos.reEuverumeennpitfhomooarbsimlrzoeeciddkratedohcteechnopentorlwwylea,irssAleoonoftvraparrasmrapaandeldirgas-nGaod-firqarcnusiteaa,lsotdlgiiekoicenDaaMeilbesgloeno,u6,nniRetddehsczanhPsiaicnbdkgae,le,nabcnoypdnefcrLlupaastieimhtnugrianotrpgee,dgtuthbhlaayetr
Omiundoosb,sceFurAavnCintIoOgst-vh*eahrtbatgohose'elcnofs.qPuooefrbyt.aoydmeowad?os,ensfoaatro)i,mobl-a v6heirSstbinoorcsekciotmhdeeobsthaanalpgeneo,gpoufbaatnehgsepo,albenxzagic,oa,rleqmfueeorrlsapttheonemi"abnea
Men6ndez Pidab listed /bj/, Idji, /gj/ as the g proveniente de la yod" (105) and Lathrop,
dcVIsotidnaD,nsEehcOreovsw-6>einvtOSrewhrapn,.sbfivecolehiryemvo"eb,adatFahUyo"aGIt(2dt9Oh1fe)-l.re*eTxOShiweoinspra.iefsbisyao.pom.saeHeeri-ne-artehtcdoola,urtgthifhheyepLinrSatogphbanlrneooimtspehoiwhsfveutrinecsnchigooondnrvvaoienwfncsgehodaitshtaehtsneatxbtietoanncsootdnloiutsOtaciioSonvpns-.
only cases in which "la yod influy6 sobre la in The Evolution ofSpanish, suspects that "the
consonante anterior" (291): HABEAM -* haya, g is rebated to yod in some way" (128). Al-

eSnAtLlyIO-a*resaflegroenacnedtVALo thBeOyo-dvwhalgioc,hahltehoasuguhmyoedds.abInad(e*-dS,AtLhIeArTe)iasnadsvtarboong(<-povsAiLbEiOli)ty(19t8h4a,t
wiin twhDhiritecchhteiynsogtdehmuisnvdateorwewneeltniaotnnmedmoutlartteihmesspaietsce,ilffyiucsdaelidsyafptr-oanIhngaovseourmevP,eonMertwi.ntde6nenrhdoaepzvePlniichdaoatl.i'osngethnaenrahlesetnatvei--
became gin mNEO - tengo VEMO - vengo, 169), forms which reveal the boss of flexionab

the statement might also include CAPIO - these forms are more pertinent to the evobu-
quepo, SAPIAT- sepa and

wrresoutbet,an"Edno oeb/ccoamsoo dceuaNYndoonLoYes. fbleaxiyoondabd"ejt6heJACbosEOof-*fiOSexpio.ynaagboyobudtmaalsyo aTcEtuNaElOy-b>etleinmg-o

*(2t9e2f).oTh*visefexopl*asnaafttio,nanodbv*ivoaufsrly, whexcilluedleesavitinedg t-oqfuoerpmo)soirnthwhe bicohs eoafrlyB,Dme,Gta(tAhUDesiIsO(C-AOSPIpO.
weoMevpaelrnnge6ont*hdtteoeznpbPoesi*dviabxleicnljeuotpdsytgaibetodohnatnstednttohgveoahbuviosne.ndgNegeeronivyseeairrnlagtglohsfeatolneardsme,s-io3ty.waoT)hsreemltiromevaientdmatfelednxtiboyonfalnyaoleldoxgtioiocnatalhlepyrstosedmuirnbe.fore
ments about the bos of yod after stem-final recent manuals
consonants. He wrote, "Esto no obstante, hay
una g a imitaci6n de los verbos en -ngo que in the 1st pers. sing. pres. md. is fundamental

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 t*OhmladIetnSpthoaenbriscfhworaepstbafelrinx"geFdsranomfclyoTgE"hiatcrNolEipeyOr VsteoErhNvLaepTtOydor.tRpeftlrhusxe.inops agsbi.ytploridteay,s.ditnmhsapcdtu.rsfth,ioerbnSmpcosafnuiserh eisgfuclihenaxdrpst1neosrft
thoo wanyrectheneotrsychooflatresnhgoipvetrnegoats, wethenohypow cotnhseisdiesrfiennaolughsontsoonpranetvse.nItntrehealpatlyat,atlihzentpoiosnitoifngstoefma- TENGO-

eliminating each other in their espective re -al of the pres nt subjunctive for some verbs"
yotiodnebdefmaorneuaitlsctohualdt rpeaplaotratliszoemsetermel-aftiinonalshNipoartaenndtisotnemaw-fayinfalrodmenqtualesstainondsvoeflarreslaftoirvePcohrrtou--
bLleotywd'esnFryoomd aLandting,ttohSepraeniissha,twhibeascthorneeje,cnots lbeogtywewhin cShp.ehaxpglaoianndnoPot rotnlfyastohbute difalseoretnhcoesse
that analogical pressure eliminated flexional whole series

L. In addition to the three previously men- guese comp

the hypothesis that yod was eliminated in the betwe n Sp. tengo vengoand Port. tenho venho.

SsiEeNntToIOanadndmiMEentNcT' IhOoRwebveecra,mhee*aslseonttoheaonrdizespsimNEte hiOs bVEelMieOfinweflruectaumoatnigngthnoe fromrms,sdtishmatisloesst

FystTnehoEAodeNrmsCImeEcshGOhatlayor--yp*i/cnoptt/dtaeehflircaeniotatztt/aielsdic(oza1t/elS6hd,p2f,-ota"VI6r,n3gmiwD)sivshE,i2,OrnetIgivn-nhe>aeartsl/eheiabvesxlieiandtjmy:oeaortn,p/cswhloeeoawsnsmuascdtlouinmcnrhyphee-fvitoenhriorgnetthhbhsuaeieevgtinernihcibanafveloagctinualSannbbrpecdleaieeeannlrfoigislzrfyheoadtmtifn,hregettoshhtmbfeeeoodvvsPreeimsrbroyattsfruhbwhiygaientugoseditenschrihet,niyn2hmadg)aaiytrsto-yoe-
Latin," Lloyd ac epts the tradit onal view that "From Late Latin to Old Spanish," Lloyd, de-

when it fol owed one of the consonants that pro f that *teno *veno ev r existed. One ren-

tthhee pstreemse-rfviantaiolncoonfsoynoadntaseiatrslyabesnoorupgtihontoinetso- itnhcermeasteotthheeiirrprheosnpeicctsiuvbesptaanrcadeiagnmdst.oUnladaikpet

tsionnAfcebttyehrethpmoerocrpoeonsnsinaotgnuartnhatlecdrhueatrneignnetgiiospnaitloasftnayolbiszdoartiipno-nalsoCoguimcnacellulaondsytinoghfihinlgesxmoidoenfraeelyntoshdeanoinft-ehtrha-tebt-thpraeardaaildttieigormnnaasl-.
cape analogical boss, a development more typi- *teo *v

cal of
unlikel
count

Wi"eFaxAidlsCIkutiiannOlsgdo-enf*v'oser/floidapaemwhtasetonhi/tlae,t". Lt(1wilho6ey3tr)hed; tccihoonmuattlrpdieoshatd,inuhvgceeefbssoeertsminomesnstdeon4mfrtoa-/ng/l,fiaindnaedln/1taai-gfngoiidcaainntIfdioc!naodamnoufmogdotthsnhuelfye/eguicxs/eeiddsatstveosneorpcmbreosedholuifokcweea

(Whitley 382-83). solution, Lloyd asks "if

/*fatso/ Port.fao and /*fo/ Sp. hago characteristic of form 1 of the indicative and
ccr*olatuetexdohiese*strve"detafhfnuaootrmatanhbdteiermtreeenowabgfeosffovlnrueoenctguauonsapibtfeeiocnfrifogmircenoitvheyarrmbicaubostnlewhi-matshtneecrcmhee-iusfsopinnlouoantlieo/*xngvp/leaiomnsaeiptsilmoiucninctosofairnthiesLocfwltoa,ycttthdhoe'serayiplntresborietsnctoaea-tRnuiosconee-
gions. Similar arguments are adduced for (295

or tendency gained predominance, and in of Ing! and /iTi/ bed to the creation of tengo
Portuguese while annbogicnb bos of flexional (1974,32 )? Either solution tends: 1) to ob-
some areas drove out all others" (165). Al- veng

in conflict in the broad sense that pnlataliza- tion that speakers were uneasy with the
tion of stem-final consonants characterized morphophonemic alternation of /n/ and /f/
thoug

its of Castilian, the norm was loss of yod early port

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 lmreaIsonputlearycbdhio,f3crgbes)iyantroqsbyuphaoeilrdnygte-fsuoBd"linRtd,ewEonPravcietslpnrhowmbauesyr-i,lnctgefaohslxdure"asfbnt(cy2hiar9esngc0yoae)d.fbpmPonh"geyldaijnctogaerhylmintopcyesairnlobcfgsrhty-eaDiAnslqweugtixonhadrliptenIkubhragfjnleti,'ysdaovMIempio,rjntl2o6hp)n/retmdagshfjel/azncsiPtr-feodmtyrfhalmdPntiao,srptchmoulveantghprucoelaifhszrpoueytsldciogetnd-f,.
obvamobesnrefatwdIjtwo,he4rel)ishitntneyloryfcVohcouforo.wlmmgtettihaipsvrilwhieriomLcdiannattcfceiohnynxtactualjhmatuThegirfyadotieuinnelsogcnishvrntieevplrethyrhaie1bo4insrv7xpreceded
we)tne.eiMntxeehomsidsrio-teeuenhatdo-wr,iBvtenaners-ucttogeolysonohsech*ilasturnzdca,dhetohdrFueoaUrsttn-hGo'ioalIhntOaagsniy-tnd*epfmtaAJsibhy-cefotsisren(o1amcze7leac2destp-e.o7iisnlsn3fvp)t.aebailoWslntntdihthgBneam,tltaDhoizelreatsGr-s-,
pwRaohnmidchaenictehrbreyousaegdhseoruigtensifhoecadfneotrliymvatthieovneauslmtpabrgeecooffeshtoafpvlsex(b-ieo*nfatherbincaytoridv6ebannltseo)fhtoardeptloahxngieitcaflcizsnleatcitmono,flitonrhestmrheovmofivnaoyg-
638 HISPANIA 76 SEPTEMBER 1993

ftvcdhloeernuxmbjiusocegneavaotlyiwdoo.inesdlts"i(nbEolglefoccuotanihmskhege1sdey2ce7ho-nan2dd9o,)b.tueBheyninrdthughmraeenbadtteilormfyoeurcfretohm-ePmaefhinlmaebvxiiynino'gnsgalpielinshytcorwinodefeatsoietcodhretmnhavsetiirathnnodnewibmshoagpicniohcetasnly.posddroeissnnuuraarvleinoetnd-
Span ishLanguage, we find greater acceptance AUDIO - OSp. oyoand GAUDIO -*gofoorgozo
In Penny's recent work, A Histoiy of the flexional yod. Nevertheless, comparison of

(yoMd)aiynbalmscohst aarlschaasevs. Orn etdheinonaes huamnidn,gteartmsheof pdalaotfalizhaetiovner,btahlesrteeamso"n(1f5o0r),acsheopwt-s

of Men6ndez Pidal's emphasis on the loss of demo

yod. Indeed, Penny elaborates on the Spanis

schol

ofothrmersfoifvethporsees.vienrdb.sf,oarlmosf(ewhi.g.,cDhEbBaEcSk,edSAtIhSe, ppallaacteabdiuzratiniognt,htehepesrpioordadwheic lnosthoefmBa,tDic,GBawands

gtlhideep. hOennothmeeontohnerinhvaonldv,edpriens tuhree cwahasnegxe-sIAwedmreitstiinlginonflryethvaatri"aIttioins wiconthcefivleaxbiloentalhyaotdi.4n
CAPIMUS) and by the large majority of other avery early change, one that may have taken

Me-* tne6mnodetzoPpiodianl'ts oeuxtamthpalte, oinf TadIMiEtiOon*ytoj fp,apn5-aanndd 3v)eltahres p(1a7l1at),alhizenltiisotns tohfevpoailcnetlaelsizadteionntaolfs

which had no glide in their present tense interv

forms (e.g., VENDO, TRAHO, CADO)" (150). the replacement of quantitative vocalic distinc-

digmatic pressure, there was lateral pressure B,D,

exerted by 1st pers. sing. pres. md. forms he considers to be Vulgar Latin changes, too
which never had a theme vowel. Besides the bate to account for HABEAM - haya, AUDIO

over, the copious first conjugation was ex- athesis and the loss of intervocalic voiced

1st pers. sing. pres. md. forms without lution of TENEO VENIG, these early bosses

ization rather than the early sporadic bos of tengo vengo. Although he also includes them
that Ibji, Idji, /gj/ -*yod represents palatal- that he differs from Lloyd in his treatment of

B,D,G, in intervocalic position, followed by under the heading of verbs in which flexional

final yod (Dworkin, 1974, 52). Believing that TENEO VENJO actually produced *teffo *veo.
reinterpretation of the flexionab yod as stem- yod was not lost, he seems less convinced that

FUGIO -> OSp.Ayois palatabizntion, as indeed combine with the -N- and produce an unprec-
HABEAM -haya, AUDIO - OSp. oyo and these verbs the Iji survived long enough to

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 tTeIarHnshdohamevvetAnyihyaltevodgriapdi!ertsej=yndau(clmpiIttreysrdgcb!*u:aqfsntPtdvoeefridutstonbhog*iejet.on*rgrbf,vvoetigSe*hnvO*EwueoNlta,psfheTgru.inIonrOtigses/ytiam-folMtogisa/tifpnnoerabgfn)t"oetdebshh(-,1ovIamanR5gtOtl!1idSfwa-)rpr.os-oetfiunaamolzdnrdtinalfrgmtlispo.gwzrhamIysmyonitpaclwshgitnm(iesocMthhpeavf-arlmvtVksivli(be,crCehlub)tamr1shdl(oweV9-nlaf7ii)rtkc4ln(ho,eeCiaxb3t)lbshu2operN9tnrau-vis3doltrew0rgy)aim,uoLwvsnldwpe-th.efrhoirAiuceamnzhlsftdaihoepnpcgcssroatuoembgvnfbyhd--
cmabnaesdfotoiPrcoedtpethiveeersnOlp-uildrrac,Sepvaamesnnoia-srihcmeopouemsnr,pitoyehderanpsbi-yiasot,enheettpcoaa.lr,tnesderiwinngae-s-roPmkeeanpeepoyrftohatpechhseetamerm,so-rrtfeeoindvaualnbcciiloonuagtssoemanbsaupenctetwhcstesforfnoofmtohltdhpeearplatatinnald---
(*s(1eu5.vcg1eh.),,.7aEveVENTO
nonisalatpegrraner*aaetjtn,iefotrnianvsemxt.biihsVENTS vteeadslue.ngc,eei-sttt>oivwawoineasnrtdrehse*a"pttlebea"fcleefdonlemaipetxiscrteaifclemmocprstletyrshpnoauhtrerepammoreansaldicntiohgonmaetshfpetiierircxpeidaprornwiteassltouehfnrpedisaponrneagsdtcihhgtoe-,
TENGO-V

llma(oi1ss5tn4si)cs,TEeimomNrp(pEtlli)oyOci,VutnVEginlgtNhatrh(eIe)LObirao,tsaiSnrAg,oLufP(mIef)nOelenxaytniodunhlaVALtaltimyo"ba(tEdae).olOytnhlfateteheicenrtacoulotpmhpoerpnreasthtihuabnreidelfitfl,yerhxooiamovfneta1dhlseteefnp-idnCeirVntseg.(ls-ysIijanobnglrd).ofkpwilerenextshiw.onmdtithahbe.
nbfhooeisfrrtom6trrhaeielceiathsdycpeopbeuoerltsodphameposaliols,ragtftahiovllaiedtzegufisnlcetaexemqmiuoein-vnfaotilnceyaalaolndsNduwapmanasodlroltosL"s.atbttoaliyonfncfteshotwreomhpmoisrcihlnirkcpMiepheavonle6pncnhadudoosneeazenmoPdfiidcclaaeanlvltetmoleiranandngae,dtaittobhhnoeeuimotrnestdhihseee-l
bspooobwsre"eldnInionrcmoMennsdnoen6lnanpnd6treedz"id(P2ni6dd)e,albwh'saMyiocadhnsuwaina4sachptuoraowr-epsvaoelunrnt,adlcizceahptationnfgoeosrftNMONEo bhyaveenGohua-gd*hlmuittimleeo,ofovinrertlwhhaeptiecwxho-
SENTIAM -> sienta, they state that theywill fob- yod, which may hav

frango could have influenced tengo vengo. by generalizing the stem-final palatal to al
vveergboal'vdeengtood',oteegl opa'treandiggom' .a teisendeelianfdoorlempaavla+tailz.eTthhee rsetleamti-vfeininalfrcoenqusoennacnytobfefmuoreJobmeinnyg
vpdoeucebaslapv+eorncta-elyn(stei+cnveonoclncnolen+vodnbi-puetncoin6eglnoq)nouenarIdnmapaaleltre(tr#unr1abna8c,i.2aA)e;lrdiemevciineawdateeodmif(tcghfh.etMamalelnknuideablus1swr9t6o8i,t2c8oe-nn2c9iln)u. dtheethlaastt
phemes ten- yen-: "La nec sida de rechaz r bined ahigh back stem vowel with a stem-final

morfoldgicn, en espni'iol al menos: eb lexema explain why flexional y

sdiinpteomngboarygoco*nven*"t(e2 s1e).oEpvonenenthatooudgohs AllosvaRer sdnitiicokn,aLlaetxhprloanp,atainondsLolofytdenrgeomvaienngfoaiatnhdfutlhtaot

imots rr6pbheopinhotnheemeliicmainltaetrionnatoifonfltehxiaonnatlhyeoyd,dothoenhpinhteirnngaaltiaa osifmtphleeresaorlluiteirond.eAlscrviaprtaionndsP,owht ieilre,
analogia impidi6 resubtados fon6ticamente tradition, retaining the valuable generaliza-
(221). In other words, *yeo were not boss of yod in -er-b

realized because Spanish speakers rejected servative effect of para

digm. If the stem-final N of TENEO VENIO pany with him precisely where his arguments
yoN'sdinmuthsteseevpenartaudailgymhs,avtehedrinofpereedn.cSeinisceththate wisouthndMachlkaniegbe'stahsatumthprteiaotnenthsatto"iasnoliamtepaenwodinrdg
phonemic alternation within the verbal pan- the stem-final consona

proved resistant to pabatalization because it are the weakest. Moreover, their emphasis
was reenforced by all of the other stem-final upon a morpho

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 fpNmnm-q*rnulaeaotmtx.pil9ioacubongyi,p)i?mcohrawaftlelysrvaeopnuxdhbretoetpdsneatohnsrogibfidrecorneau'glsisnoh(my1fhtal9aepmt6rdeih8vneclt,xoahtb2ndemei7gilsvdp)hp.chelfSfbnistuotyholrgecmp,(snCoahsgnDwAr*tEbfhtPeBdyooIax,OEirt7gt0hbmce-isuewt,aeqhooslinutgfdceeinIh)norlt,tcem).kewp(hieoLItjflnareFo!Itysi(erhcdaolaytti2mh*nwhd9afeei5tprosr)hef.tqltTdhaup>ehnafoncieanytedrhaglnsieonyctrfawwsidpetme*rahrlhingoettnoniaskpel.etor7ifOd*hctbynIwSovslcfpeaaOqmrstLnui/whiaBegsnoeasO/-rft-
1*ostftiepnSroEes*N.ysTjinmIgOi.gphsrtiesh.aivntedo.:bfeMEornmtNshaeTsbIiOnestt-hs+eolcuSa-sEeoNtfoTnteInmGeary-y*lieensibn;entthheeof.vleoIxlfuiotinohnbeoyfpvoedrbwsoleiuknledtshnatvir-e
i*fnovrtemhoeiwotfyir,uslstdpplehaaakvceeer,sbdiewsnecreirsnoealvabtildeydendeftrllyoaymweditleonrn-gcyeotmon--dwailpikhsetlahycobnelpgoticzekadetdiao,snbaaarlnaedndcundatehhaennvtwinomagulbrdekhenrav,peatrhdteiisaealxpy--
640 HISPANIA 76 SEPTEMBER 1993

pmitwhraeegssmhautlwsrhoeiat,svheuexphciegaopphrt-tfeeirnndeeqdbtuhyetenotcchTyaesEevN"ecoErofObnsMONEfVEbigikMuerOaOOthSio-pa>nd. at-slh+eeWrstusehtedeebmtoahf-e>vtreosrwutheetblhegweodndi(spisphuahpptthhaoorornentgnegtdwlhybaasydrepbepetelrayccnmoeeidavnleboadygloiatgcshai-lea
(and tien- yien-), the palatalization of stem-final restored during the proces of marking, at
f4yl.eenxThegioo'Inaavlveenyoglead'ranonidntmsbeeotrievtnattleodiosttnh.rcotauolghy"oiuentxdithenevfdeIiocdr!m,duntt,httoeheedti"vhfeeltaerhr1swaentscseeperienforjescp.thresodmsinnoincg.csehauprtbhsdeteasinn.scdumd.elib-nbae--
ItorfinitifsavaosruomfetdentghoatyetnhgeoiwnafsletchtaitonvaelrbesnbdiiknegsfoOnrme. Acrltithiocuisgmh tohferthme uhsytphoatvheebsiesnthaapterthioed
qOnueenpcoysviberilbtsyliwokeuslidensteo,mmtioenbteo,faonrdpaprieandisgo-psroeltihteartatiyhepsetreimodvwohweenl waflesxipoenracbeiyveoddawsaassbee--
s-tdemebo()F,UtGIheOne->xhtusytoe)p, pisaltaotaclioznastiidoenr(ManOabNoEgOi-ctehneteorne-dgolindethofe nthateudreevoeflotphinegddipiphhththonongg, oonf
of -er-b-verbs were regularized by the elimi- attraction ofthevebarinsertto *teno * veno

interpretation of flexional yod as pat of the stressed stems within their paradigms has

cab pressures upon the stems of *teno other stem-stressed forms had yet segmented

*mento - miento (Elson 39 ) 6 Although dicative of sentb- initial y developed like that
cotofivmteihtfeaonvrtelmbyasrma(tMrokarlekedsite1olsrt1e9pp7ehr4so,.n3sii2cn6sg)u.abpnsrtdeasna.cliiengdcnoicenad-- as2so9pn7ea-n9c8tt),t(pocrf*o. dtOeulndcionPgoOrn*ts.ceesnettnoho)e(,Mypeaonrd6alnwaedleszinlPotisdhtai,ls
ton from the perspective of par digmatic uni- raised the stem vowel one degre blocking

did4ernot,idtyke"s(aMndalkOiSepl.f1a9g7o4,,fa3ze5s.) Vofebvaerribnsselriktieonsedquipehntcheo/njge/toorreasstoarelepnagrtahdeignmedatvicarbiaanlatncoef.
forego absolute uniformity because insertions peared without palatalizing the ste

adoption of the inchoative infix. Another fac- sion of the diphthong to the 1st pers. sing.
formative period by the spread of the voice -tween the stem vowels of the 1st and 2nd p

CreVsnengoteads aa ntyovpieclalcocnofnifgiguurrataitoionn, hfoigrh1-sftrpee-rdsu. dSpeodreef'sintihteiovreydoipfhtthheon"sgeimzait-idoinphdtuhroinngg",tohne

less velar s

yengo 'I avenge' and istingo had established of re variation in the volution of/cl to Ije!,

sing. pres. md. forms, while *tieno * yienorep- which Lloyd bases his criticism, d

havingastem-finalconsonantcbuster, combin- ing eliminated by analogy. According to

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 bmtcMo(hfegAnoaprethis6oaentmrfhduaciesyglotrzmn-iafqPsrlund-egoifsatcmlrhe,4dstn6hVae)i.duscrpTlanhgfuyotserhanmlosvLgirametblicuwynhofaetdlnipwhsbeSaoptifuhevasornbeltgyfhi-raeblodsmyvuAeioncblftdeuamisnrp"aotlnr(yBse1oltimafpydobtrsfeanpcdtrkhgaso.e1u(nrM9svc7ihedn5ut,lga4ikosc.dme"pals)nr,cte1dophs9knam.7ti4racd,geu3okl0rsn.aei7pmt)lnhyo-aplfrsyoikn1getcsior-
2iSporen)gmpetl,aapcIceh/waobneyfsoolrfeent7gth1ehse(tn1ee8md2).vtooIfw[eeSclp,]o3ber)etthwiseecsonprrADeeadct1974,p5o.nTgoh3,36-ewmh3oe8)rr.phtholergicnaelvstrawuass oafy!ogdI, or in
prtdeuanltcagtetoidiovneilnonyfgsosthihmbaeeppc1ialnseutgspotelruehsnte.iygosionrnegvtp.oerpentsrgheneos.t.pivnrhedoebb.lfareraomirsmi-nosssfwe(MsirtutacgI,hktieehosltea1io9odn7ni4fte,3he2mra3t)on.sLhtiwekcaeioyntnshoesefritvtieoedlnanirvtordfweum!aittniwhnangatst(ho"oeraf
TENG

365 and AD 515, the final evolution to Ije! tak-

in assuming that th

bsiztyaetmtiho-nestbproresosbeoadbflyfleoxcrirmoenasatleaydnoddanmanimodtbitvahlaeatneecdxeptawihnestihoinninsteehrne-hai!nncichseoaatth1isveterpienceforgisx.n,siztinahbgei.lvipteybraerosf.inmtshdeer.tvmemararbykfehorravmise
interacted with the los of lexionalyod, which cal sta us of the vebar insert. Pos ib lit es range

ctahnoemds pvlfeeolmarrmenisntsaaenrrdytspdriinestsrtrhibveuedotilodpnaerstodfSigpdmainpaihtstihchodbnoalcg-usl-asrpuirbtejuess.nmdcintivt.heVaeas1rsiwetoupslerianss.dsienixnigtch.alepfr1eussnt.cmptiedor.nsc.sashauisnevgde.
cftttmeoawhrydeemtoia,fnsaptnhaertaohabdnyenyoottg,oiwiaimescottapcrlp.ehdhn!teeeogdnta1pohpstrmethoneeepdnateudrhracisiep(.niMhrcgtaasnhiItgwhekoeon.im,egplstizn1re(aM9asetz.6viao8omle,kn,r2dei7eot2b)fc,.yit1spneaa)rld.biezoeAlxasft);iovmhofaainongrnrdopoafnhafngr-esdpmtqneluuPmlcateotni-tnaflclaiyienitzerinavorltena'irsNtobi(nids(dnAodceylooiavnuedalstrdahnsale)aoa,nxtrtpdegtcl!acPoi.nonitTsfutlhmiihaceine-str
remedied by velar insertion. In fact, the

ooff tohpeendivpohwtheolsnganwidtthhethseubdseepqhuoennotlocgrizeaattiioonncfounlcneepstioins osofmaveewrhbamat lirmkeitre;dhoswinecveeri,t iatps ulsiees-

the stem vowel, with Mal

segmentnlization of !je! is the compatibility pers. sing. pres. ind. forms nor with Blaybock's

2 1, 2 5). Thus, 1) the los of flexional yod, yod and gained anabogicab !g!. In forms like
of a

Castilian from its neighbors (Alarcos Llornch VALEO, etc., to forms which both lost flexional
five-vowel system, which disti

onrfeedmtuhecest,ivoe7nl)arocfoinmtshpereetnv,so5aw)tideolinpshyftsohtroenmpghiztoaontiifocinvl,eo6sp)h,toha-endatnhOfainndftlehexxeioosfnevanoler,nat-lhpseaolvlauetltaalirozncaotsuiopldnr.ohpaordselyd bfeorcatlhede
8) pInarcadonigcmluastiiocnp, r*etsenuore*ymaflyarale charuvceiaplattiocia- aprrgoubmlementosfmathedemoinrpthhioslosgtiucdalysitsatMnlus okfietbh'es
of the inchoative infix, 4) gramrnntic

ing of the stem vowel and the bos of flexional marking) the 1st pers. sing. pres. md. and the
ttahiuoognnmgoefcnottuh,ledgvrbenebmaerxmntaeungtdmiecdaelnittzoebdtehfaeosmrae. rTthehdeeudvniepdlaharn-t1skulp!ogooficrattlhedealnitneocrthnooanattliyiovnebsyinstufhicxehbraeusgtrdaailmgsoornbdyicteeictsnyhlrianzgeodo-
yod which differentiated them from

marker, increased the phonic substance of

ance. Later, it would be inserted into OS

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vptcbnmIdahoeeijgbprdIr,mautnekils!vioghenrtfujt!ioaced-yrnlhgpipcbedsrorwlfveuicastnpotermyucddrc.hnpe8aiuatojsTfendgashliatmsncrphtoetifelsnamydcwbp!ti-rmdafelsohiptnarndafskeetllidzcnrvxamoheetinfdso1lsdnovrtanmyo,ibgpsavacnhey,irtd-lofnt.sbah.pi,enlftraindsocvhgheaqtibmlau(ditysareou)cnls.ateyvuhsBigwncealoitviptmnfehhgoar(-ms.f,dntBi)ivyprefecaxtnhoTsidimogaEbruenvoNlqsdpya'nuIEalfctwrbO-oivheOsntVr#mciEeng.Nsrwtp3Tuelch')a,giaobOtnTrmjhedhadcpietbneaqhrmsuycttioseahumeftoincrlmavefwgtopoishwzactvenuieshydf-:ll
oyo and FUGIO -+ huyo are xceptions to the (metaphony), prev nting dipht ongization. 4)
owyhoic,hantrdigkyeor sdtrpeanrgdtihgemnastitchreeafrogrmumuleantitonhpaetrs.ersinhga.dprieps.hmthdo.nagnidz,edin. 6t)hTehperorceegsr,amin--
642 HISPANIA76 SEPTEMBER1993

fthoervtohide laepftebayratnhceeboofs itosf vfoleixcieodnacbouynotdeirnpatthehraevaesobne, inncaosmupnataicbielpttyabwilethasot*hseerntsote(m-*-

reflexes of TENEG VENIO. stres ed forhamvse.bWhie n rleecoanlciloefd ttohtehseeirfoparrmadsigcmosubldy
sing. pres. md. m

bfeinloswexev,isobtnMeaebclaneun6sndreiednoegufzsltPtohifdeatlih'nsecctooymnlocpeslau-tVsioibof(Cnlyi)tto(yhVda)otw(fCpo)h.auImTldhw-eihtahivsteaonUrcyeN.oOfTVEuSlgar Latin to augment stems with

just at the moment when it was needed to fill siento), *mento (-* miento) and for the same

(rsatdeimc saouugnmdencht)anbegeca,usael othweiyngwefrlexpihononaloy-oadptroecdifescerriteancceosr. e2c)tFamleexniotneaclonFganendlIasbegcbaomsaeyyoedn

6. Conclusio

hardly seems surpri sin gthnt *teno

In reality, the solu

wherever it had n

differs mainly in

Although HABEAM -> haya, AUDIO - OSp. was raised one degre by the fol owing yod
cepting instead Dworkin's proposal that 1) Classical Latin P became Vulgar Latin Ic!

pDloowgtoihrckeasilnisbo'sthesxaptlopafnabaftaitloeanlxi.iozonfnttaiohlneyoyproded.ceiOnndeOdSttphh.eehacaynoan,-twirfalterhxyiot,nieTheanlee(sn)dryienisegunslet(osif)nbtghece*atuteysenpoeth-ieVnc(cCoo)mf(Vtpa)h(etCi)bb.a5lte)-
rule

digmatic
that

pressure,
fiexional

stem-final Nor L. With the exception of muf o, stem to provide redundant marking of the 1st
fdoorTmnhositswiseoxtlhhutisbitoientmap-lafsloiantraaelljNiezcatotsrioMeLnfnion6lnoSdwpezeadnPiibsdyhal.y'smaoTdhttecohatnetanhlogegoiCcyaelVnegCxoVtes(nos)stioohnfatottfiehntehiere(sC)dViyipChetnVheo(wons)g.u7tldo)
pabatalizntion did not ordinarily affect either maticalized vebar insert was attracted to the

in a different dir

fiexional yod was lost in the evolution of provided tengo yengo with suf icient phonic
suggestion

verbs

TENBO
like

VENIO,
OSp.fra
that

as

forms immediately at racted a vebar insert in Ongenes del espa7ol, where he writes, "La yod -* g
been *teno *

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 wcdfhl/Peoosotuamprvrufemtieplondlcst/gabh,nwyedao/eMtortsrbueeh,ldpfmidanueovtceh/ctsdawripaEbvpnosehneorzdaiacnbPt/dhfeaifipdcheVnIotn,lslaorbttpi/euiabocmgsflcoehEna,fmitoarsnfenpBaxlcddoiaD,uvrIbnttyGwooaeieldyyhwtrocoapaetddsns,lnBapewcstArhochiaenDoblrim,-IrsczrUpthawDetsimlipwhousrnt-otfehrli-kebyn5BigUaTonclohgnf,62uUiia15svSLrv3tecWaed8ier-x7vsiOnpVz1Rtg,ln.yaopKEnTrSNdoewiftosoChicurICTamnarEhlyadieDifnst.o-o.1arDlR19nks96oa7ai7wn,v4c.elo.BEHnae"yrisrSi,smktpMunetaeldsnAniyorte-s.sNRwtedioonimmbhtlaiuhannAregckyuha.liHi"gsstotDpnuioieqsrsrye:..
sbaBtnehu,WDteioGtanhwnmeoamlfncyoactmtihiencamvverothwbpicaeheEtlgnaeaos.nodIdgnetI(fthcroaleymft,ipeexrhsiaeoetodnnbiao-bfshyutamohsdtfebebisntyretdmecrrvhavoraeotckwianlveirglco),EE-eilblvtscyoeonduJk,.t"o,iMohHWnanir.sokNpDfa.JntG1.hi9ar1e7,e95g87.ni1nT.:hL'ST3epo9han2Rend-ois4myh0na:vnc.FehcanbgoeLnrainc&aglsugFtaoagb,euesrst.caR.nerdveivtsihesde-
wbntveyaorwipitcwesleowlutafob,sidayenshlotamdvf,eintcpa.heotendtsHerovbAnioby-lBuvtEienAmdgMbtryerodhtduahmcyetasir.akTesrohtb,flemitstrhh-ufmeisnterhna-letsmGocolafevnr-iFscnoo#ig-a,dle,HsJepgnaDufsiaeeMcgnlaao,.s.,t1FM9eVlaia1dcn.reOincdlot:Hd.eGa1S.br9p1ea9edn3:5.oisN1sGh.irReGaemareddyimtnirgcd.ast.hiBciosatstdhorinisc:tadGdrineclaa.
tpsohfhmest5phi"A-rsecliotnbphnaoesrmuocgdnohcnirgAedmalitvpwabtdroeictnbaahyguidosnt"ehPdeotthpeeniyofrstiaeanrdrxcegiesptonerfoetbydahiaspctytlarbhablredeleaggib-nmilnoa.tcgioatourlyr-iHs-LRtoaliceakvhs,Ci.rsHueoBdpesn,rtaTnli.Hhdnoe:emxMrapiscohunA.td.o1e19n98.86dN6.e.ePTwGrhanerckEzy,bvtloDelseurt.oaiwfoHnairsoetf:oJrSipucaanlLiisdnhe-.
TENGO-VEN

los documentos: haigamus GlEmil 42" (358). pete with anabogical sa

2If Lloyd's /tefio/, /befio/, /bej:o/ and /fatso/ rep- Memindez Pidab 30

resent a Late Latin or proto-Romance for northern Ibe- stems in Spanish are

ria, /bei'io/ and /be:jo/ complicate the description of other

duptcnhooannsiqscttuoenowahinnei.tt,tAhhielsasnttt-rhoeyehusegcnohan-sdttroihgafnesntotmainhltgeenard1vnesev(t2eatlpod1oepi)nr,mshioe.ttnfstio/hnoeofgu.SlidaApnrLdetsO/.njamons/tededdw.Laa_rsnevf_Besnat_rg,coDep_lonnglad1o:9sEA8a.4lrg1.i9oeC7,lu.8arns"odAdnvegaelrxgapoml.a"dntHitcisaophnaisotfida,trhi6ce1ae:g8si9pn4at,-7e9on0lg4ao..
of Spanish, in which the eariy boss of fiexional yod pre- sing. pres. md. even though

cluded the development of stem-final palatals. before yod had made /je/ typ

3Another indication of the importance of dif

spscttaelrhme6tsBaavleeionczdwavuges/olsyteolvnt,.aehib*nedlSseegf,gonlrttecyehoxuiobaseenndctdaa.hbmye_iesn,oapedic_1noesaft7roie_S3td(EyM)Nb.oeT_mffLoPiOrtneh_dreiatr.izaslc1Ppeoieu9dula7dttbhe5iMco.lacgpsl'kouThiaseglo,eincYa(MallR:kdSeooeTmvtc.oih1ri9tarm6eysn8i.n.ocafAme'eThttdehoeinvAfslomreulcenotridpoincmcaahnlepnPangrhPeti"dlhoigsnmfipDbhaitrsoiecaca-ne-l
ating between the loss of the st

VALBO in Portugnese. In SALK) -* saio, the stem-final Alarcos Lborach, Emilio. 19

L dropped and fiexional yod remained in stem-fin

sition (Williams 81). In VALEO -* valho, the stem-final Alvar, Manuel an

LrseEacN7o,nWTtdhEietUrhfevi-tr*hsatlliirnoeegbnsvuotilht(ueAisnpleavexlaaccrtehaplaitcnziaaosdteioPinlofutossftireDawrttihn(hi2gca5htt-hw2me6ouu)l.soltdsPc.hooaLfmveCe-hrJmoafadcaTonobecxkO,asrnJnPedsrtYe.yinM:RS.atl1ku9di8ei0eb.s.'TiAnheuGscetoninentreaxalntLudianlLgvouanirsidteitocinses:anoUfd
Lpalatalized (Williams 239). In Portugnese, there must histdrica del espaff

have been some overlap between L deletion and paba- Hispd.nica. III. M

talization, the L in the less frequently used VALEO not Blaylock, Curtis. 19

41n Section 53 of the Manual degramdtica histdrica Latin verbal augme

duces bayo and bas7o and that *\j) yields raya and romane. 5t

D that would have occurred intervocalicabby and the yod: An attempt at

occurred before yod. Assuming that bayo, raya, oyo, etc. Sociolinguistics, eds. Edw

normal in tien s, tien , tien vs. ten mos, tenis, tengo Lloyd, Paul M. 1987. From Latin to Spanish. Vol. I: His-

297-98) rather than *sieno r *sienzo par l el to tionsforHistoricalLinguistics. A Symposium, eds. W.

and vengo disrupt the pattern because lel occurs in a toricalPhonologyandMo,p

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 _5 . c_**a1b199784h..""iNDseiwvteorpgrreonbyltemdoesvfinloRpSmompenaantncoefiSspeoshpreir,(Ptoaul?e)"s. 1ien9a7G2,.oInntttreiomedpunoctreiaotnyeaSutlLuadtiiidnesiVinouRlgmoamiraaen.cPeuaLrinins-:
gMenh'minsiectds6herzo"acPtinidveasSle,ptsu'RfdianmoaL6lbanian.tg159utO7ihslt.deiMdcS.apenMtauOnarlisrdheieg:atrnEalsmdipadaMOstliedc-maCP_loprie_at.euR_-Goegm_oarings_cte.ec1ops9wr.7enes.d"U.nPPtMab(aItDrag.b" Rvsio.navsehlaur,fi2n0r:t.h1W9e-sa3ts5eh.mi ogfttohe:
644 HISPANIA76 SEPTEMBER1993

(with a

rPReensDnCoyiacm,umkRta,narbMleprsephi,ld.vvn1ygo9ntel.:1C2.PC..Aaa1T9mHri8sai1snb:t.srWeoI.yniAdotfrulgttogeheduerusU.ctSePpWiia.dannnLilsdahailnaGLmgeahonusirgs,agtugoeEarsegdie.aRw.2otdinomenrdaiPcBn.aec.lTed1h.p9orP6ne2ohsl.inglFaytrdo(aelnmIlDdp."hMLRiaoatro:ipnhUsohtluoog,fly'2o1Pno:fe'utVnhgIe-u6sPe2yos.rltvuagHnuiesisa-
la engua spaola Washi g n: Georgetown UP.

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