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Multipath Model of Depressive Disorders

Name: CARNALAN, Nadazhda Nikita E. Course/Yr/Sec: ___PSY31___

I. Analysis of the Etiology of the Disorder using the Multipath Model

A. Dimension One: Biological Factors


The focus of biological explanations is generally on neurotransmitters and
stress-related physiological irregularities. Heredity actually plays a role in the
known depressive disorders, it runs in families. Prevalence studies of Depressive
disorders have shown that incidence of these disorders are remarkably higher
among biological relatives compared to adoptive families (Levinson, 2006).
Furthermore, it has been found out that genetic influences on depression
becomes evident after puberty.
Other biological factors includes Biochemical irregularities involving
neurotransmitters, specifically the involvement of serotonin as one of the targets
of antidepressant medications. Furthermore, stress reactivity and cortisol levels
are associated with depression. (Sue et al, 2016)

B. Dimension Two: Psychological Factors


Moving on, the focus of behavioral explanations of depressive disorders
however, focuses on reduced reinforcement following personal losses, loved
ones, relatives, friends, anyone in the social circle of an individual. This stresses
the significance of support groups in each and every individual that goes through
stress and depression. Under psychological factors is the cognitive exegesis of
depressive disorders. Cognitive explanations is focused on negative attributions
and thinking patterns including irrational beliefs, and cogitation or rumination.
(Sue et al, 2016)

C. Dimension Three: Social Factors


The Social Dimension of the Depressive disorders focused more on the
interpersonal stressors that triggers and increases the vulnerability of a person to
depression. Studies showed that early life neglect, maltreatment, abuse and
parental loss all contributes to the development of the condition. (Sue et al, 2016)

D. Dimension Four: Socio-cultural Factors


Lastly, the Sociocultural Dimension of Depressive Disorders exhibits the
importance of gender, sexual orientation and experiences of discrimination.
Often, in some cultures, depression is expressed in the forms of physical
challenge rather than emotional one. Additionally, race and ethnicity as part of
the bases of perceived discrimination, are found to be associated with
depression (Juang & Cookston, 2009). Furthermore, societal stressors,
specifically prejudice and discrimination for being gay, lesbian or bisexual can
also result in depression. (Sue et al, 2016)
References:
Levinson, D. F. (2006). The genetics of depression: A review. Biological
Psychiatry, 60, 8492.
Juang, L. P., & Cookston, J. T. (2009). Acculturation, discrimination, and
depressive symptoms among Chinese American adolescents: A longitudinal
study. Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 475496.
David Sue; Derald Wing Sue; Stanley Sue;Diane M. Sue. (2016). Understanding
Abnormal Behavior. Cengage Learning.

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