Canunderstandwitheasevirtuallyeverythingheardorread.

Cansummariseinformationfromdifferentspokenandwritten
C2 sources,reconstructingargumentsandaccountsinacoherentpresentation.Canexpresshim/herselfspontaneously,veryfluently
andprecisely,differentiatingfinershadesofmeaningeveninmorecomplexsituations.
ProficientUser
Canunderstandawiderangeofdemanding,longertexts,andrecogniseimplicitmeaning.Canexpresshim/herselffluentlyand
spontaneouslywithoutmuchobvioussearchingforexpressions.Canuselanguageflexiblyandeffectivelyforsocial,academic
C1
andprofessionalpurposes.Canproduceclear,wellstructured,detailedtextoncomplexsubjects,showingcontrolleduseof
organisationalpatterns,connectorsandcohesivedevices.

Canunderstandthemainideasofcomplextextonbothconcreteandabstracttopics,includingtechnicaldiscussionsinhis/her
fieldofspecialisation.Caninteractwithadegreeoffluencyandspontaneitythatmakesregularinteractionwithnativespeakers
B2
quitepossiblewithoutstrainforeitherparty.Canproduceclear,detailedtextonawiderangeofsubjectsandexplainaviewpoint
onatopicalissuegivingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofvariousoptions.
Independent
User
Canunderstandthemainpointsofclearstandardinputonfamiliarmattersregularlyencounteredinwork,school,leisure,etc.
Candealwithmostsituationslikelytoarisewhilsttravellinginanareawherethelanguageisspoken.Canproducesimple
B1
connectedtextontopicswhicharefamiliarorofpersonalinterest.Candescribeexperiencesandevents,dreams,hopesand
ambitionsandbrieflygivereasonsandexplanationsforopinionsandplans.

BasicUser Canunderstandsentencesandfrequentlyusedexpressionsrelatedtoareasofmostimmediaterelevance(e.g.verybasicpersonal
andfamilyinformation,shopping,localgeography,employment).Cancommunicateinsimpleandroutinetasksrequiringa
A2
simpleanddirectexchangeofinformationonfamiliarandroutinematters.Candescribeinsimpletermsaspectsofhis/her
background,immediateenvironmentandmattersinareasofimmediateneed.

A1 Canunderstandandusefamiliareverydayexpressionsandverybasicphrasesaimedatthesatisfactionofneedsofaconcrete
type.Canintroducehim/herselfandothersandcanaskandanswerquestionsaboutpersonaldetailssuchaswherehe/shelives,
peoplehe/sheknowsandthingshe/shehas.Caninteractinasimplewayprovidedtheotherpersontalksslowlyandclearlyand
ispreparedtohelp.