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2017 BAR EXAMINATIONS . REMEDIAL LAW 1, General of Remedial Law 1.1 Concepts of Remedial Law 1.2 Substantive law vis-a-vis-remedial law 1.3 Rule-making power of the Supreme Court 1.3.4 Limitations on the Rule-making power of the Supreme Court 1.3.2, Power of the Supreme Court to amend and suspend procedural rules 1.4 Nature of Philippine courts 4.1. Meaning of a court Court as distinguished from a judge Classification of Philippine courts Courts of original appellate jurisdiction 1.4.5. Courts of general and special jurisdiction 1.4.6. Constitutional and statutory courts 1.4.7. Courts of law and equity 1.4.8. Principle of judicial hierarchy 1.4.9. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability 2. General Principles on Jurisdiction 2.1 Jurisdiction of Courts 2.1.1. Supreme Court 2.1.2. Court of Appeals 2.1.3. Sandiganbayan 2.1.4. Regional Trial Courts 2.1.5. Family Courts 2.1.6. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, Municipal. Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts 2.1.7. Shariah Courts 2.2. Jurisdiction over the parties 2.2.1. How jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired 2.2.2. How jurisdiction over the defendant is acquired 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 2.3. Jurisdiction over the subject matter 2.3.1. Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject matter 2.3.2. Jurisdiction versus the exercise of jurisdiction 2.3.3. Error of jurisdiction as distinguished from error in judgment 2.3.4. How jurisdiction is conferred and determined 2.3.5. Doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction 2.3.6. Objections to jurisdiction over the subject matter 2.3.7. Effect of estoppel on objections to jurisdiction 2.4. Jurisdiction over the issues 2.5. Jurisdiction over the res or the property in litigation 2.6. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by the rules on Summary Procedure and Barangay Conciliation 2.7. Totality Rule 3. Civil Procedure 3.1. Actions 3.1.1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions 3.1.2. Meaning of special civil actions 3.1.3. Meaning of criminal actions 3.1.4. Civil Actions versus Special proceedings 3.1.5. Personal actions and real actions 3.1.6. Local and transitory actions 3.1.7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem 3.1.8. Independent Civil Action 3.2 Cause of Action 3.2.1. Meaning of cause of action 3.2.2. Right of Action versus Cause of Action 3.2.3. Failure to state a cause of actin 3.2.4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action 3.2.5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects 3.2.6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action 3.3 Parties to Civil Actions 3.3.1. Real Parties in interest; Indispensable parties; Representatives as __ parties; Page 2 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law Necessary parties; Indigent Parties; Alternative defendants 3.3.2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties .3.4. Class suits 3.3.5. Suits against entities without juridical personality 3.3.6. Effect of death of party litigant 3.3.7. Distinction between Real party in interest and locus standi 3.4. Venue 3.4.1. Venue versus Jurisdiction 3.4.2. Venue of real actions 3.4.3. Venue of personal actions 3.4.4. Venue of actions against non-residents 3.4.5. When the Rules on Venue do nor apply 3.4.6. Effects of Stipulations on Venue 3.5. Rules on Pleadings (include Pleadings allowed in small claims cases and cases covered by the Rules on Summary Procedures) 3.5.1. Kinds of pleadings 3.5.1.1. Complaint 3.5.1.2. Answer 3.5.1.2.1. Negative Defenses 3.5.1.2.2, Negative pregnant 3.5.1.2.3, Affirmative Defenses 3.5.1.3. Counterclaims 3.5.1.3.1. Compulsory counterclaim 3.5.1.3.2. Permissive counterclaim 3.5.1.3.3. Effect on the counterclaim when the complaint is dismissed 3.5.1.4. Cross-claims 3.5.1.5. Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints 3.5.1.6. Complaint-in-Intervention 3.5.1.7. Reply Page 3 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.5.2. Pleadings allowed in small claim cases and cases covered by the rules on summary procedure 3.5.3.Parts of a pleading 3.5.3.1. Caption 3.5.3.2. Signature and address 3.5.3.3. Verification and certification against forum-shopping 3.5.3.3.1.. Requirements of a corporation executing the verification/certification of non-forum shopping 3.5.3.4. Effect of the signature of counsel in a pleading 3.5.4. Allegations in a pleading 3.6.4.1. Manner of making allegations 3.5.4.1.1. Condition precedent 3.5.4.1.2. Fraud, mistake, malice, intent, knowledge, and other condition of the mind, judgments, official documents or acts 3.5.4.2 Pleading an actionable document 3.5.4.3. Specific Denials 3.5.4.3.1. Effect of failure to make specific denials 3.5.4.3.2. When a specific denial requires an oath 3.5.5.Effect of Failure to Plead 3.5.5.1. Failure to plead defenses and objects 3.5.5.2. Failure to pleas a compulsory counterclaim and cross-claim 3.5.6. Default 3.5.6.1. When a declaration of default is proper 3.5.6.2. Effect of an order of default Page 4 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.5.6.3. _ Relief from an order of default 3.5.6.4. Effect of partial default 3.5.6.5, Extent of relief 3.5.6.6. Actions where default are not allowed 3.6 Filing and Service of Pleadings, Judgments, Final Orders and Resolutions 3.6.1.Payment of docket fees 3.6.2. Filing versus service of pleadings 3.6.3. Periods of filing of pleadings 3.6.4.Manner of filing 3.6.5.Modes of service 3.6.5.1 Personal Service 3.6.5.2 Service by mail 3.6.5.3. Substituted service 3.6.5.4, Service of judgments, finals orders or resolutions 3.6.5.5. Priorities in modes of service and filing 3.6.5.6. When service is deemed complete 3.6.5.7, Proof of filing and service 3.7 Amendment 3.7.1.Amendment as a matter of right 3.7.2.Amendments by leave of court 3.7.3.Formal amendment 3.7.4. Amendments to conform to or authorize presentation of evidence 3.7.5. Different from supplemental pleadings 3.7.6. Effect of amended pleading 3.8 Summons 3.8.1 Nature and purpose of summons in relation to actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem 3.8.2. Voluntary appearance 3.8.3, Personal Service 3.8.4. Substituted service 3.8.5. Constructive Service (by publication) 3.8.5.1. Service upon a defendant where his identity is unknown or where his whereabouts are unknown Page 5 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.8.5.2. Service upon residents temporarily outside the Philippines 3.8.6. Extra-territorial service, when allowed 3.8.7. Service upon prisoners and minors 3.8.8. Proof of Service 3.9 Motions (General Principles, Motion for Bill of Particulars, Motion to Dismiss) 3.9.1,Motions in General 3.9.1.1 Definition of a motion 3.9.1.2, Motions versus pleadings 3.9.1.3, Contents and form of motions 3.9.1.4, Notice of hearing and hearing of motions 3.9.1.5, Omnibus motion rule 3.9.1.6. _Litigated and ex parte motions 3.9.1.7. Pro-Forma motions 3.9.2. Motions for Bill of Particulars 3.9.2.1. Purpose and when applied for 3.9.2.2 Actions of the court 3.9.2.3. Compliance with the order and effect of non- compliance 3.9.2.4, Effect on the period to file a responsive pleading 3.9.3. Motion to Dismiss 3.9.3.1. Grounds 3.9.3.2. Resolution of Motion 3.9.3.3. Remedies of plaintiff when the complaint is dismissed 3.9.3.4. Remedies of the defendant when the motion is denied 3.9.3.5. Effect of dismissal of complaint on certain grounds 3.9.3.6. When grounds pleaded as affirmative defenses 3.9.3.7 Bar by dismissal 3.9.3.8. Distinguished from demurrer to evidence under Rule 33 3.10 Dismissal of actions Page 6 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.10.1. 3.10.2, 3.10.3. 3.10.4, 3.11 Pre-Trial 3.11.1 3.11.2. 3.11.3. 3.11.4. 3.11.5. 3.11.6. Dismissal upon notice by the plaintiff; Two- dismissal rule Dismissal upon motion by plaintiff; effect on existing counterclaim Dismissal due to the fault of plaintiff Dismissal of counterclaim, cross-claim or third party Concept of pre-trial Nature and purpose Notice of pre-trial Appearance of parties; effect of failure to appear Pre-trial brief; effect of failure to appear Distinction between pre-trial in civil case and pre- trial in criminal case 3.12 Intervention 3.12.1. 3.12.2. 3.12.3. Requisites for intervention Time to Intervene Remedy for the denial of motion to intervene 3.13 Subpoena 3.13.1. 3.13.2. 3.13.3. 3.13.4. 3.13.5, 3.14 Modes of 3.14.1. Suboena duces tecum Subpoena ad testificandum Service of subpoena Compelling attendance of witnesses; Contempt Quashing of subpoena Discovery Deposition pending action; Deposition before action or pending appeal : 3.14.11. Meaning of deposition 3.14.1.2. Uses; Scope of examination 3.14.1.3. When may objections to admissibility be made 3.14.14. When may taking of deposition be 3.14.2. terminated or its scope limited Written interrogatories to adverse parties 3.14.2.1. Consequences of refusal to answer Page 7 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.14.2.2. Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories 3.14.3. Request for Admission 3.14.3.1. Implied admission by adverse party 3.14.3.2. Consequences of failure to answer request for admission 3.14.3.3. Effect of admission 3.14.3.4. Effect of failure to file and serve request for admission 3.14.4. Production or inspection of documents or things 3.14.5. Physical and mental examination of persons 3.14.6. Consequences of refusal to comply with modes of discovery 3.15 Trial 3.15.1. Adjournments and postponements 3.15.2. Requisites of motion to postpone trial 3.15.2.1. For absence of evidence 3.15.2.2. For illness of party or counsel 3.15.3. Agreed statement of facts 3.15.4. Order of trial; reversal of order 3.15.5. Consolidation or Severance of hearing or trial 3.15.6. Delegation of reception of evidence 3.15.7. Trial by Commissioners 3.15.7.1. Reference by consent or ordered on motion 3.15.7.2. Powers of the commissioner 3.15.7.3._ Commissioner's report; notice to parties and hearing on the report 3.16 Demurrer to Evidence 3.16.1 Ground 3.16.2. Effect of denial 3.16.3. Effect of Grant 3.16.4. Waiver of right to present evidence 3.16.5. Demurrer to evidence in a civil case versus demurrer to evidence in a criminal case 3.17 Judgments and Final orders 3.17.1. Judgment without trial Page 8 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.17.2. Contents of a judgment 3.17.2.1. Memorandum Decisions 3.17.3 Judgment on the pleadings 3.17.4. Summary Judgments 3.17.4.1. For the claimant 3.17.4.2. For the defendant 3.17.4.3. When the case not fully adjudicated 3.17.4.4. Affidavits and attachments 3.178. Judgment on the pleadings versus summary judgments 3.17.6, Rendition of judgments and final orders 3.17.7. Entry of judgment and final order 3.18 Post-judgment remedies 3.18.1. Motion for new trial or reconsideration 3.18.11 Grounds 3.18.1.2. When to File 3.18.1.3. Denial of the motion; effect 3.18.1.4. Grant of the motion; effect 3.18.1.5, Remedy when motion is denied, Fresh 15- day period rule 3.18.2. Appeals 3.18.2.1. Judgments and final orders subject to appeal 3.18.2.2. Matters not appealable 3.18.23. Remedy against judgments and orders which are not appealable 3.18.2.3.1. Final Judgment Rule; Exceptions 3.18.2.4. Modes of appeal 3.18.2.4.1. Ordinary appeal 3.18.2.4.2. Petition for review 3.18.2.4.3. Petition for review on certiorari : Issues to be raised on appeal Period of appeal Perfection of appeal Participation of the Solicitor General during appeal 3.18.2.9. Appeal from judgments or final orders Page $ of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law of the MTC 3.18.2.10. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the RTC. : 3.18.2.11. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the CA 3.18.2.12. Review of final judgments or final orders of the COA 3.18.2.13. Review of final judgments or final orders of the COMELEC 3.18.2.14. Review of final judgments or final orders of the CSC 3.18.2.15. Review of final judgment or final orders of the Ombudsman 3.18.2.16. Review of final judgments or final orders of quasi-judicial agencies 3.18.2.17. Dismissal, Reinstatement, and Withdrawal of Appeal 3.18.2.18. Dual Function of Appellate Courts 3.18.2.19. The “Harmless Error Rule” in Appellate Decisions 3.18.3 Relief from judgments or final orders and resolutions 3.18.3.1. Grounds for availing the remedy 3.18.3.2. Time to file action 3.18.3.3. Contents of petition 3.18.4. Annulments of Judgments or final orders and resolutions 3.18.4.1. Grounds for annulment 3.18.4.2. Period to file action 3.18.4.3. Effects of judgment of annulment 3.18.5. Collateral attack of judgments, 3.19. Execution, satisfaction and effect of judgments 3.19.1. Difference between finality of judgment for purposes of appeal; for purposes of execution 3.19.2. When execution shall issue 3.19.2.1. Execution as a matter of right 3.19.2.2. Discretionary execution 3.19.3, How a judgment is executed Page 10 of 26, 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.19.3.1. 3.19.3.2. 3.19.3.3. 3.19.3.4. 3.19.3.5. 3.19.3.6. Execution by motion or by independent action Issuance and contents of a writ of execution Execution of judgments for money Execution of judgments for specific acts Execution of special judgments Effect of levy on third persons 3.19.4. Properties exempt form execution 3.19.5. Proceedings where property is claimed by third persons 3.19.5.1 In relation to third party claim in attachment and replevin 3.19.6, Rules in Redemption 3.19.7. Examination of Judgment Obligor when Judgment is unsatisfied 3.19.8. Examination of Obligor of Judgment Obligor 3.19.9. Effect of Judgment or Final Orders 3.19.10. Enforcement and Effect of Foreign Judgments or Final Orders 3.20 Provisional Remedies 3.20.1 Preliminary Attachment 3.20.1.1 3.20.1.2. 3.20.1.3. 3.20.1.4. 3.20.1.5. 3.20.1.6. 3.20.1.7. Grounds for issuance of writ of attachment Requisites Issuance and contents of order of attachment; affidavit and bond Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons Manner of attaching real and personal property; when property attached is claimed by third persons Discharge and the counter-bond Satisfaction of judgment out of property attached 3.20.2 Preliminary Injunction 3.20.2.1. 3.20.2.2. Definitions and Differences: Preliminary Injunction and Temporary Restraining Order Requisites Page 11 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.20.2.3. 3.20.2.4. 3.20.25. 3.20.2.6. 3.20.2.7. 3.20.2.8. 3.20.2.9. Kinds of Injunction When writ may be issued Grounds for issuance of preliminary injunction Grounds for objection to, or for the dissolution of injunction or restraining order Duration of TRO : In relation to RA 8975, Ban on issuance of TRO or Writ of Injunction in cases involving government infrastructure projects Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons in relation to attachment 3.20.3 Receivership 3.20.3.1 3.20.3.2. 3.20.3.3. 3.20.3.4. 3.20.3.5. 3.20.3.6. 3.20.4 Replevin 3.20.4.1. 3.20.4.2. 3.20.4.3. 3.20.4.4. Cases when receiver may be appointed Requisites Requirements before issuance of an Order General powers of a receiver Two (2) kinds of bonds Termination of receivership When may writ be issued Requisites Affidavit and Bond; Redelivery Bond Sheriff's duty in the implementation of the writ; when property is claimed by third party 3.20.5, Nature of provisional remedies 3.20.6. Jurisdiction over provisional remedies Special civil actions 3.21.1 Interpleader 3.21.1.1 3.21.1.2. Requisites for interpleader When to file 3.21.2 Declaratory reliefs and similar remedies 3.21.2.1. 3.21.2.2. 3.21.2.3. Who may file the action Redquisites of action for declaratory relief When court may refuse to make judicial Page 12 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law declaration 3.21.2.4. Conversion to ordinary action 3.21.2.5. Proceedings considered as similar remedies 3.21.2.5.1. Reformation of an instrument 3.21.2.5.2. Consolidation of ownership 3.21.2.5.3. Quieting of title to real property 3.21.3 Review of judgments and final orders or resolutions of the Comelec and COA. 3.21.3.1. Application of Rule 65 under Rule 64 3.21.3.2. Distinction in the application of Rule 65 to judgments of the COMELEC and COA and the application of Rule 65 to other tribunals, persons and officers 3.21.4 Certiorari, prohibition and mandamus 3.21.4.1 Definitions and distinctions 3.21.4.1.4 Certiorari distinguished from appeal by certiorari 3.21.4.1.2. Prohibition and mandamus distinguished from injunction 3.21.4.2. Requisites 3.21.4.3. _ When petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus is proper 3.21.4.4. __ Injunctive Relief 3.21.45. Exceptions to filing of motion for reconsideration before filing petition 3.21.46. Reliefs petitioner is entitled to 3.21.4.7. Actions/Omissions of MTC/RTC in election cases 3.21.4.8. | When and where to file petition 3.21.4.9. Effects of filing of an unmeritorious petition 3.21.5 Quo warranto 3.21.5.1 Distinguished form Quo warranto in the Omnibus Election Code 22152. When government commence an action against individuals 3.21.5.3. When individual may commence an action Page 13 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.21.5.4. Judgment in Quo Warranto action 3.21.5.5. _ Rights of a person adjudged entitled to public office 3.21.6 Expropriation 3.21.6.1. _ Matters to allege in complaint for expropriation 3.21.6.2. Two stages in every action for expropriation 3.21.6.3. When plaintiff can immediately enter into possession of the real property, in relation to RA 8974 3.21.6.4. New System of immediate payment of initial just compensation 3.21.6.5. Defenses and objections 3.21.6.6. Order of Expropriation 3.21.67. Ascertainment of just compensation 3.21.6.8. Appointment of Commissioners; Commissioner's report; Court action upon commissioner's report 3.21.6.9. Rights of plaintiff upon judgment and payment 3.21.6.10. Effect of recording of judgment 3.21.7 Foreclosure of real estate mortgage 3.21.7.1. Judgment on foreclosure for payment or sale 3.21.7.2. Sale of mortgaged property; effect 3.21.7.3. Disposition of proceeds of sale 3.21.7.4. Deficiency judgment 3.21.7.4.1. Instances when court cannot render deficiency judgment 3.21.7.5. Judicial foreclosure versus extrajudicial foreclosure 3.21.7.6. _ Equity of redemption versus right of redemption 3.21.8 Partition 3.21.8.1. Who may file complaint; who should be made defendants 3.21.8.2. Matters to allege in the complaint for partition 3.21.8.3. Two (2) stages in every action for partition 3.21.8.4. Order of partition and partition by agreement Page 14 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 3.21.8.5. 3.21.8.6. 3.21.8.7. 3.21.8.8. Partition by commissioners; Appointment of commissioners, Commissioner's report; Court action upon commissioner's report Judgment and its effects Partition of personal property Prescription of action 3.21.9. Forcible entry and lawful detainer 3.21.9.1 3.21.9.2. 3.21.9.3. 3.21.9.4. 3.21.9.5. 3.21.96. 3.21.9.7. 3.21.9.8. 3.21.9.9. 3.21.9.10. 3.21.9.11 Definition and distinction Distinguished from accion publiciana and accion reinvindicatoria How to determine jurisdiction in accion publiciana and accion reinvindicatoria Who may institute the action and when; against whom the action may be maintained Pleadings allowed Action on the complaint When demand is necessary Preliminary injunction and preliminary mandatory injunction Resolving defence of ownership How to stay the immediate execution of judgment Summary procedure, prohibited pleadings 3.21.10 Contempt 3.21.10.1 3.21.10.2. 3.21.10.3, 3.21.10.4. 3.21.10.5. 3.21.10.6. 3.21.10.7. 3.21.10.8. Kinds of contempt Purpose and nature of each Remedy against direct contempt; penalty Remedy against indirect contempt; penalty How contempt proceedings are commenced Acts deemed punishable as indirect contempt When imprisonment shall be imposed Contempt against quasi-judicial bodies 3.21.11. Nature of special civil actions 3.21.12. Ordinary civil actions versus special civil actions 3.21.13. Jurisdiction and Venue 4. Special Proceedings Page 15 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 4.1. Writ of habeas corpus 4.1.1.Contents of the petition 4.1.2.Contents of the Return 41.3 Distinguish peremptory writ from preliminary citation 4.1.4.When not proper/applicable 4.1.5,When writ disallowed/discharged 4.1.6.Distinguish form Amparo and Habeas Data 4.1.7. Rules on custody of Minors and Writ of Habeas Corpus in Relation to Custody of Minors (A.M. No. 03-04-04-SC) 4.2. Writ of Amparo (A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC) 4.2.1.Coverage 4.2.2. Distinguish form habeas corpus and habeas data 423 Differences between Amparo and search warrant 4.2.4.Who may file 4.2.5.Contents of return 4.2.6. Effects of failure to file return 4.2.7.Omnibus waiver rule 4.2.8. Procedure for hearing 4.2.9. Institution of Separate action 4.2.10. Effect of filing of a criminal action 4.2.11 Consolidation 4.2.12. Interim reliefs available to petitioner and respondent 4.2.13. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of Amparo 4.3. Writ of Habeas Data (A. M. No. 08-1-16-SC) « 4.3.1. Scope of writ 4.3.2. Availability of writ 4.3.3. Distinguish from Habeas Corpus and Amparo 4.3.4.Who may file 4.3.5.Contents of the petition 4.3.6.Contents of return 4.3.7. Instances when petition be heard in chambers 4.3.8.Consolidation 4.3.9. Effect of filing of a criminal action 4.3.10. Institution of separate action Page 16 of 26, 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 4.3.11. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of Habeas Data 5. Criminal Procedure 5.1. 5.2. 5.3, 54 General matters 5.1.1 Distinguish jurisdiction over subject matter from jurisdiction over the person of the accused 5.1.2 Requisites for exercise of criminal jurisdiction 5.1.3. Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts 5.1.4, When injunction may be issued to restrain criminal prosecution i Prosecution of offenses 5.2.1.Criminal actions, how instituted 5.2.2 Who may file them, crimes that cannot be prosecuted de officio 5.2.3.Criminal actions, when enjoined 5.2.4.Control of prosecution 5.2.5. Sufficiency of Complaint or Information 5.2.6. Designation of Offense 5.2.7.Cause of Accusation 5.2.8.Duplicity of the Offense; Exception 5.2.9. Amendment or substitution of complaint or information 5.2.10. Venue of criminal actions 5.2.11. Intervention of offended party Prosecution of civil action 5.3.1 Rule on implied institution of civil action with criminal action 5.3.2. When civil action may proceed independently 5.3.3.When separate civil action is suspended 5.3.4. Effect of death of accused or convict on civil action 5.3.5. Prejudicial Question 5.3.6. Rule on Filing fees in civil action deemed instituted with the criminal action Preliminary investigation 5.4.1. Nature of right 5.4.2. Purposes of preliminary investigation Page 17 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.4.3. Who may conduct determination of existence of probable cause 5.4.4. Resolution of investigating prosecutor 5.4.5.Review 5.4.6.When warrant of arrest may issue 5.4.7. Cases not requiring a preliminary investigation 5.4.8. Remedies of accused if there was-no preliminary investigation 5.4.9. Inquest Arrest 5.5.1.Arrest, how made 5.5.2.Arrest without warrant, when lawful 5.5.3,Method of Arrest 5.5.3.1. By officer with warrant 5.5.3.2 By officer without warrant 5.5.3.3. By private person 5.5.4. Requisites of a valid warrant of arrest 5.5.5. Determination of probable cause for issuance of warrant of arrest : 5.5.6. Distinguish probable cause of prosecutor form that of a judge Bail 5.6.1.Nature 5.6.2.When a matter of right, exceptions 5.6.3.When a matter of discretion 5.6.4, Hearing of application for bail in capital offenses 5.6.5. Guidelines in fixing amount of bail 5.6.6. Bail when not required 5.6.7. Increase or Reduction of Bail 5.6.8. Forfeiture and Cancellation of bail 5.6.9. Application not a bar to objections in illegal arrest, lack of or irregular preliminary investigation 5.6.10. Hold Departure Order & Bureau of Immigration Watch list Arraignment and plea 5.7.1.Arraignment and Plea, how made 5.7.2.When should plea of NOT Guilty be entered Page 18 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 5:73) When may accused enter a plea of z aully toa lesser offense 5.7.4, Accused plead guilty to capital offense, what the court should do 5.7.5.Searching Inquiry 5.7.6. Improvident plea 5.7.7.Grounds for suspension of arraignment 5.8. Motion to quash 5.8.1.Grounds 5.8.2. Distinguish from demurrer to evidence 5.8.3.Effects of sustaining the motion to quash 5.8.4. Exception to the rule that sustaining the motion is no a bar to another prosecution 5.8.5. Double Jeopardy 5.8.6, Provisional Dismissal 5.9. Pre-trial 5.9.1,Matters to be considered during pre-trial 5.9.2. What the court should do when prosecution and offended party agree to the plea offered by the accused 5.9.3.Pre-trial agreement 5.9.4.Non-appearance during pre-trial 5.9.5. Pre-trial order 5.9.6. Referral of some cases for Court Annexed Mediation and Judicial Dispute Resolution 5.10. Trial 5.10.1 Instances when presence of uaaiiaed | is required by law 5.10.2. Requisite before trial can be suspended on account of absence of witness 5.10.3. Trial in Absentia 5.10.4. Remedy when accused is not brought to trial within the prescribed period 5.10.5, Requisites for discharge of accused to become a state witness 5.10.6, Effects of Discharge f accused as state witness 5.10.7. Demurrer to Evidence 5.11, Judgment Page 19 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 5.11.1 5.11.2. 5.11.3. 5.11.4, Requisites of a judgment Contents of judgment Promulgation of judgment; instances of promulgation of judgment in absentia When does judgment become final (four instances) 5.12. New trial or reconsideration 5.12.1. 5.12.2. 5.12.3, 5.12.4. 5.12.5, 5.13. Appeal 5.13.1. 5.13.2 5.13.3 5.13.4 5.13.5. Grounds for New Trial Grounds for Reconsideration Requisites before a new trial may be granted on ground of newly discovered evidence Effects of granting new trial or reconsideration Application of Neypes Doctrine in Criminal cases Effect of an appeal Where to appeal How appeal taken Effect of appeal by any of several accused Grounds for dismissal of appeal 5.14. Search and seizure 5.14.1 5.14.2. 5.14.3. 5.14.4, 5.14.5, 5.14.6. 5.14.7, 5.14.8, Nature of search warrant Distinguish from warrant of arrest Application for search warrant, where filed Probable cause Personal examination by judge of the applicant and witnesses Particularity of place to be searched and things to be seized Personal property to seized Exceptions to search warrant requirement 5.14.8.1. Remedies from unlawful search and 5.15. Provisional 5.15.1 5.15.2. 6. Evidence seizure remedies Nature Kinds of provisional remedies 6.1. General principles Page 20 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 6.1.1. Concept of evidence 6.1.2. Scope of the Rules on Evidence 6.1.3. Evidence in civil cases versus evidence in criminal cases 6.1.4. Proof versus evidence 6.1.5. Factum probans versus factum probandum 6.1.6. Admissibility of Evidence 6.1.6.1. Requisites for admissibility of evidence 6.1.6.2, Relevance of evidence and collateral matters 6.1.6.3. Multiple admissibility 6.1.6.4, Conditional admissibility 6.1.6.5, Curative admissibility 6.1.6.6, Direct and circumstantial evidence 6.1.6.7, Positive and Negative evidence. 6.168 Competent and credible evidence 6.1.7. Burden of proof and burden of evidence 6.1.8. Presumptions 6.1.8.1. Conclusive presumption 6.1.8.2 Disputable presumption 6.1.9. Liberal construction of the rules of evidence 6.1.10. Quantum of evidence (weight and sufficiency of evidence) 6.1.10.1. Proof beyond reasonable doubt 6.1.10.2. Preponderance of Evidence 6.1.10.3. Substantial evidence 6.1.10.4. Clear and convincing evidence 6.2. Judicial notice and judicial admissions 6.2.1. What need not be proved 6.2.2. Matters of judicial notice 6.2.2.1. Mandatory 6.2.2.2. Discretionary 6.2.3. Judicial admissions 6.2.3.1. Effect of judicial admissions 6.2.3.2. How judicial admissions may be contradicted Page 21 of 26, 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 6.2.4. Judicial notice of foreign laws, law of nations and municipal ordinance 6.3. Object (real) evidence 6.3.1. Nature of object evidence 6.3.2. Requisites for admissibility 6.3.3. Categories of object evidence 6.3.4. Demonstrative evidence 6.3.5. View of an object or scene 6.4. Documentary evidence 6.4.1, Meaning of documentary evidence 6.4.2. Requisites for admissibility 6.4.3. Best Evidence Rule 6.4.3.1 6.4.3.2, 6.4.3.3. 6.4.3.4, Meaning of the rule When applicable Meaning of original Reduisites for introduction of secondary evidence 6.4.1 Parol evidence Rule 6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2. 6.4.1.3. Application of the parol evidence rule When parole evidence can be introduced Distinction between the best evidence tule and the parole evidence rule 6.4.2. Authentication and proof of documents 6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 6.4.2.3, 6.4.2.4 6.4.2.5, 6.4.2.6. 6.4.2.7. Meaning of authentication Public and private documents When a private writing requires authentication; proof of private writing When evidence of authenticity of a private writing is not required (ancient documents) How to prove genuineness of a hand writing Public documents as evidence; proof of Official records Attestation of a copy Page 22 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 6.4.2.8. 6.4.2.9. 6.4.2.10. 6.4.2.11 6.4.2.12. 6.4.2.13. Public record of a public document Proof of lack of record How judicial record is impeached Proof of notarial documents How to explain alterations in a document Documentary evidence in an unofficial language 6.5. Testimonial evidence 6.5.1. Qualification of a witness 6.5.2. Competency versus credibility of a witness 6.5.3. Disqualifications of witnesses 6.5.3.1. 6.5.3.2. 6.5.3.3, 6.5.3.4. Disqualification by reason of mental capacity or immaturity Disqualification by reason of marriage Disqualification by reason of death or insanity of adverse party Disqualification by reason of privileged communications 6.5.3.4.1. Husband and wife 6.5.3.4.2. Attorney and client 6.5.3.4.3. Physician and patient 6.5.3.4.4. Priest and penitent 6.5.3.4.5. Public officers : 6.5.3.4.6. Parental and filial privilege rule 6.5.4. Examination of a witness 6.5.4.1 Judicial Affidavit Rule (A.M. No. 12-8- 8-SC) 6.5.4.1.1. Scope and where applicable 6.5.4.1.2. Contents and Procedure 6.5.4.1.3. Application to criminal actions 6.5.4.1.4. Effect of non-compliance 6.5.4.1.5. Effect on other rules 6.5.4.2 6.5.4.3, Rights and obligations of a witness Order in the examination of an individual witness f 6.5.4.3.1. Direct Examination Page 23 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 6.5.4.3.2. Cross-examination 6.5.4.3.3. Re-direct examination 6.5.4.3.4. Re-cross examination 6.5.4.3.5. Recalling the witness 6.5.4.4, 6.5.4.5. 6.5.4.6. 6.5.4.7. Leading and misleading questions Methods of impeaching of adverse party's witness How the witness is impeached by evidence of inconsistent statements (laying the predicate) Evidence of the good character of a Witness 6.5.5. Admissions and confessions a) Res inter alios acta rule b) Admission by a party c) Admission by a third party d) Admission by a co-partner or agent e) Admission by a conspirator f) Admission by privies g) Admission by silence h) Confessions i) Similar acts as evidence 6.5.6. Hearsay Rule a) Meaning of hearsay b) Reason for exclusion of hearsay evidence c) Exceptions to the hearsay rule 1 RON ZOernoea 5 Dying Declaration Declaration against interest Act or declaration about pedigree Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree Common reputation Part of the res gestae Entries in the course of business Entries in the official records Commercial lists and the like Learned treaties Page 24 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 14. Testimony or deposition at a former trial 6.5.7. Opinion rule 6.5.7.1. Opinion of expert witness 6.5.7.2. Opinion of ordinary witness 6.5.8. Character evidence 6.5.8.1. Criminal Cases 6.5.8.2, Civil Cases 6.6. Offer and objection 6.6.1. Offer of evidence 6.6.2. When to make an offer 6.6.3. Objection 6.6.4. Repetition of an Objection 6.6.5.Ruling 6.6.6. Striking out of an Answer 6.6.7. Tender of Excluded Evidence 7. Revised Rules on summary Procedure 7.1. Cases covered by the Rule 7.2. Effect of failure to answer 7.3. Preliminary conference and appearance of parties 8. Rule of Procedure for Small Claims Cases (AM No. 08-8-7-SC) 8.1. Scope and applicability of the Rule 8.2. Commencement of small claims action; Response 8.3. Prohibited pleadings and motions 8.4. Appearances 8.5. Hearing; duty of the judge 86. Finality of judgment 9. Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases (AM No. 09-6-8-SC) 9.1 Scope and Applicability of the Rule 9.2. Civil Procedure 9.2.1. Judgment and Execution; Reliefs in a citizen’s suit 9.2.2. Permanent Environmental Protection Order; writ of continuing mandamus 9.2.3. Strategic Lawsuit against public participation 9.3. Special Proceedings 9.3.1. Writ of Kalikasan Page 25 of 26 2017 Bar Examinations Remedial Law 9.3.2.Writ of continuing mandamus 9.4. Criminal Procedure 9.4.1. Strategic lawsuit against public participation 9.4.2. Procedure in the custody and disposition of seized items IMPORTANT NOTES: * The listing of covered topics is not intended and should not be used by law schools as a course outline, and that this listing has been drawn up for the limited purpose of ensuring that the Bar candidates are guided on the coverage of the 2017 Bar Examinations. ¢ All laws, rules and issuances pertinent to every subject and its listed topics as of June 30, 2016 are examinable materials within the coverage of the 2017 Bar Examinations. * Principles of law are not covered by the cut-off period stated herein COMMITTEE FOR THE 2017 BAR EXAMINATIONS Page 26 of 26

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