HUSHAK 3 ¥91EM9 AND LAYUULS . ty (D) Small substation feeding important fecders where plarined shutdown is permissible for maintenance : Single Sectionalized Busbar. # (©) Important small distribution substation : Main and transfer bits. (@) Where maximum security against busbar faults is necessary, for substations feeding essential loads : Mesh Bus. B. Large Important Substations 1, Duplicate Busbars with sectionalised bus and with bus opiate. ‘This system is particularly suitable for large substations in highly interconnected networks in which large number of incoming and outgoing circuit exist with possibility of future expansion, Scctionalizing and additional breaker bypassing facility is considered in specific case: rreake! ralf-arrangements. This 15 the most favoured sy: high power, EHV, important substations in which power transfer (200 MW and above). This scheme provides enough switching flexibility, high security against busbar fault and minimum outage during maintenance. Cost is medium, 3. Inter connected mesh. This is used for substations having a upto 5 number circuits of high power circuits, It gives maximum security against busbar faults and given minimum outage for maintenance.. It requires less number of circuit breakers than breaker-and-a-half scheme. However, it has lesser switching flexibility. 4.20, Busbar System not Preferred for Large Substations — Single Busbar System — _ Ring Busbar System with insolators in the Busbar ring. — Main and transfer bus system — Three switch system 4.21. Evaluation of Outage Possibility Factor (OPF) , ‘The various alternative schemes are compared generally on the basis of the Outage Possibility Factors, under the following three assumed conditions, 1. Maintenance of any 2. Single fault on any (a) circuit-breaker (a) circ (b) Isolator (b) circ (c) bus-section (0) bus sbctign 3. Single fault (as in 2) while a circuit-breaker is under tnaintenance. gle Sectionalized Bus with Bus coupler. The OPE analysis is now applied to Fig, 4.13 for the three conditions 1, 2, 3) mentioned above. Note, there are two bus sections and six circuits. 1. Maintenance Outage. 1.1, If any circuit-breaker or feeder: isolator is to be maintained, only that feeder would be tipped. Since there are six feeders OPF=6/1.