APPLIED MAl ‘ir Dion Parte ‘A further callecuon of tke Uapubl fomane. in whee uci! 136 and occult techniques i stresed, fr Udi fon some litse-known aygects of Ost Gon ne, The Oct ‘te eh Gon he a ree ier tge Rts fa Ait Bo! tere ms Crm 80. 16 pager, APPRENTICED TO MAGIC “By WE Baer “This volume is forthe true agian ae m wert. Ta hs sarler books Ue author bat test anaical art and Sowribst the ta gore'by tne ericus sudent Now he nd has writen ¢ beok néich, i property tad ited spon, and flloved up, il beg Thom WhO A reor to the Docis ofthe Mystris Demy Bo. 32 capes aa ASPECTS OF OCCULTISM By Dion Fortine ef Dion Fortane wll in The Sea Prete and f ivien le Fay Margin” Thit new book Seecent af her est, whic: wag fourd 10 ort to be sue a5 a sorsrate volume, together wita some unpublished aricks cn diesen! aspects af eeu Cin. Bre. 95 pages 1s, THE AQUARIAN PRESS | = x= m a m = a a xz 5 a > a q Ss < m n BLNAIVA NIIHOd NN ha FT| l l ita eeWHERE WITCHCRAFT LIVES by DOREEN VALIENTE Fit Bien THE AQUARIAN PRESS 1562‘Five Pabibned 1062 © Decosr Veliste 166 My grateful tens axe due to che staf cf the Brighoo. ree Library, for foeie ceurteous end untiring aiatance. rAlse to Mr, R, A. Keonedy of Beiggton Museum, anc Mr. ES, Nort cf Bachican Heese Maseum, Lows, or valuable asistaxce anc information Tenst alto thank ‘Mr. Leake R-bers, the well-known ivestvator of precens-day black mogie, foe the Lean o! some rare kooks My chases are alo due ¢9 Mr. Frarcis Clive Res, the omnes Ecitorof 2zhe, fo his pececssion fo republish some rateric! which fire appearec ib ar article writarn by me in Res nrgacoe. Deseas VauesceTHE WITCH AT BALLOWEEN Sie pases trough: che village set it tnd fa fal meen es the The tess ae bar and all Wha fre acces ta ho Shadow end anon and te And lie Laughing betar thac aice wrth geet ‘Thy kaye shiek. Taso ere Hiprondng out t ber Nov te lag bees en garden's past The Dewr's rege ries bare ‘edintieg moonlit path se ses Tin wast tocdsc wad Ere equine Rome or Nomen prod Ger Bownbae sver rede Iv'eeds to nheve, beet the tart The ostna dhe on tr Glare and of ee! og ‘That werk ho oh ge place The con ss high The yom cll back ‘re wt he: garments sid ase he denes oe t= ng Fist wsoagh: by hands eng end Tie sed oapm wk win Fer eles Aavewiaer opin the dunes Fes nie ens rd woe the 000, Hes rere gt ie ence ‘te tg feet fsh and bls Swatked sth her har ground, Sie hms the does mor ane alone ‘That magic cls roan CONTENTS Foreword [Who Wishes Were U. The Horned God in Sussex TIL Sussex Wiech Trias IV Two Strange Steves V Witees, Hares and the Moon VI The Powers of Witcherafe VIE Scsmex Wises Beles UIE Fotk Ri TK White Witheralt 1X Fresentday Witcheral XI Modern Black Magic Bilicgraphy 3 2% a c & e %FOREWORD (Ore beautiful somemer’s Cay my husband aad [nest out nw tk» Sussex coutrytkle, to a plaze ealed Rocky Champ, “This glace, a chaser of trees an a hill, isthe site of a fonrer pagaa tarple. Local archacclegiss daacvered there ‘umber of bunch and s duge stone which they thick say heve seem an atarstone, “We spect a sumaer afvemcen taery, ated araong the trees The nearest ocher hisman beings were men workicg in the Felds down in tke valley, cee distance avay. Yet several cas, clese at Tend and sormingly out of th> a wwe both heard srange chards of musi, tether ike th kare. We were unable to find aay macerial explan ‘The date was the anniversary of ore of the Ze pagen Old Reliion, Midsaremar Day, June agth ‘Atter the emmirg of Christian, were tented by 1 (round and called witekeraet Susie, cf eocrse, is by no means che oely sousty sn which they sill lie en, Witchcraft survives all ever Wester Hurope, ard sat twee by migrants to tas colonies of Amari: and Australia, However, [have enceen in his book ta write rasinly of Susace. This ix partly Bow cause Twsih to sive of chings T Encw perscanlly, and purtly beesse Susex could he takea as a sample of 0 ‘Way in which the suange tapestry of witchsraft Fat been -wovee through tie centric, Befers the Rearan Ocequest, much of Suisee was omvered by feces whicn stretched from the berders of Kent 19Hampshire. The Arcieet Britons called this forest Coid Anired Tee Remans ew ic as Silve Arderida, The Saxons callsd iz Arsisieweskd or Aad-edsle= Part of the New Forest is rll cle “Andret™ in Domesday Book ‘Sons writoe have thoogt this mame originally mean: “Tye Black Foxes", Ochets again have taken ito meat “Tae Farest Where Nebocy Dive. Stil ot22rs, however, believe i: war so calad Sceaus it was sacred to an ancient ‘geddes called Ardrce, It kas been suggested that the Big- Sorbie rock ear West Tocthly. which resembles lemtic hucrar hoad, year venerated as a reemblarce cf ths gorkless “Aeconting to R. Taunton Hapiing, a well-bnown Sussex anviguary, the wood in wich this rock stands as stil inown locally up to recent times as Andree's Wood, and) Shenned after dark ce beiog wocaaey. If his is correct, fupports the theory 9¢ the gorklese Andeed, who may well have continued to bs secretly warshippee. ong afver Sussex wat sonically Christian ‘With Lie cooning of the Savona, tke great forest became the refuge for the dsponesed Romare-Britors, and fo: bulws gensrally, Many areiont wadicions Il fave Lved or, in its wooded glades, to “oes. the older Hareade ia the Satzem of Susex wtehs 078 ‘Aboriginal beefs wil have mingled with such Romar. Mister as tow of Prispes end the Bons Daa, These deities ill hove besa far clover to the ordinary peosle of those diys than sick far-off, arscocratic gos as Fapiter or ‘Apollo, Hence their ites, comseened with Fortis, she life free of the and ard of men. ane bea ill have lived en when Jupiter wes Eut a-neme “The Saxons, too, arowaht with them their owa fextisy cul, that of the phallic god Frey and bis ster Fesje, the potces: of leve end magic, They hac a Invely belie in Rage. Bech lever of Leer Ruric alphabet was ato = ages) sig “They had wetches, too, both Hck and white, Some of she white witches were rach vecerated a clarwoyants ad Dprephetesen The ack witches wae faaed as “The Right Bian nbs coud By, soatines avisble, and cast bane pale “The Sanees believed in many orders of elves end nature picts At Lymanees ceat Aruadel, deep and rather hese pool sil called the Kicker Hol, a secre cerved from se AcgloSaxon “Nico”, a warersnen. In cdern irmey, Roch . 950, an emarvied i total extinction. King Canste in 1033 wes demanding tne same ings proba with on litle one Saceess thar he bac again the tide, Hema nature & 0 tote charged by legion Uaferuratly. tir feet hat never Hie legato from ihe aftengt, At the Counc influence beeace Senger the Church cents beige to del wit niches as hee: ‘Teer power co orcer emcatons vad wih the Tnpes of te res of sate the Eme, For inssnes ‘ween in 1524 tn Tela she hop of Oory incited Lady Ace Rye asa with as sxcerded in sevieg ber Watg-venrr Peroni bunied atthe stake. Soe of the oti, however, eppesed him, acd LodyABse benef Mac auivel to cape te Engle, were m6 fachersetion Fem to have been taken apart her Teereuing Church copodtion evsntuily had the effect of divag wichiact aie and nore wnderpround. The old pagan stvals mere nekl mate aad rior im seret. Soret Bohs ware nuted ay whe. flower of dhe wither belts could rscogaiee ane acter, When eevecinrs were brought ino the cat tcp wete given 9 few oraz by ache ant only by vehety they were to be sak atrmoctingt, To we thir reat care was nisdemeanour ‘ientnat becae sere beh thes and wakes wihoet amy Bethe Tike gisce en necting wil bow ene anoder! “The euk was orga icto grows ead sovent The wert Yenc iy aoally via’ ofthe weed “rene” Jie laaee word nas ongnaty spelt and. prenoencod tore a Term wash emits inthe rare of Goves: Gorden The Late selkng “convene was introcused Sint thse, an by abou igo hac supersede the Med Eagith ionm scovent’, A seove™ ot event” meat a parca e company of Cates permis vel with & diss wha prheeed“cpether fw some posps, seme newer tn tis Canterbury Talos makes one of is churoctsm say, “Ror thratere. Shiee] iv = ervenk oe U Groce A pot ofthe eaty Yoursenth com eld Franlotg Spy a lesion of extonary tes, ells ofa WP bktcen people who eld cance ithe plat inascyeng Nas and Eow they Sie poked for ther mpi A tock of Beceansicel Miemoreb wrt fishes of MN eu ign nbewool te toc in any one Noa i a Pht thaa a covent, that is to say uncer 19 eatin we Pes Britain brceght for a time even fexeor persecution ander the scalar law than bad beer iowa before Some of it was infuenced by politcal consideraiiors, rach as Jamee i fear of the intrigues ageinst hima by bis Binemasy Earl Bothiyel, who was a member ef the witch exlk Seme of wwas fced by the Puritaa zeal which bacmed the mayole find wed to abclish Cariemas Tn 1342, ender Eeary VIIE, an tet of Parliames: wes pote! declare witcheraft a feony. This Act was Te Bik ender the one ing Levard VI fo yonder lbaboth T, a cew Act was paned wtich punited with deci he consult. ng of evil sist for emy pgpess, and all ‘nitchesaft “chic i body injury, oe harm te persaa's gaeds was panished by «year's impriscnameet, wich entailed excesuce four tines mathe pilory, fora fist nfeece, and by deata fer a ss00nd offence. Under James 1 in 1603 another new Act wes asad ky which all fort of eteaaratt, black cr white, ‘nere purishable by cata, "This caatinued to be the law Spal 155, when st was repeal, arc placed by az Act ‘whic taid that ary peren pretending to pacetbe wict- craft shoulé be puwiaked by a yeace fxprisonment and four pesods of expasure in the pilley. This Act ronsicued tobe dx law until tgp Te was then Fepesked, and replaced by the Fransiulent Medians Act ‘On Bach 15 2366, the then Home Seerstary, Majer Lloyd-Gaorge, steted ia the House of Commrons ther "he practice of >-cek meg isan offence ct earamcn few ane hat polios actin could be talen against it under che Fraudaleat Meciuras Act of :a5:. Hs remarks were xe ported in Tae Tires on March and, 1935. Hewever, t ate no rach preeccntion has ever been Hzoush. ‘When cightecatt-cectary hemaaism and retisnalicr Snally pet cn end to tae death penalty for veitebcraft, few coven: wer: left. Fragments cf trediion t2é heen hardec Sewn 0 individaely wo micgled chem wth Chestar hams suck az the “White Patemoder” and similarSymes They sa netic icongruos ic 0 ding They ‘rere not teslgins. Tiny were Jt snp unend [E-sho e nter han consdouay bevel te realy a tines urwen Poesy by what ane thse Powe ‘Sige be tala Hover mich mage ad rehgoe we the sof he ogy, they vere cts diste ithe sings of ike scmsten eopla: Mr, Causal Latta, Srocg im 3050 abou Stek apes, aid “Posts ‘io live ben conic fo thee youth estes agin recat tbemacves fer Covfnatoy in od age, beesoe Ey thick the Behe bmg wll cue te of soe Todly ailment. Ihave bead of an olf noma who sas (Sitiod cya tnar sms dhe ought tas Gnd ker ter eur ‘Tar uch far ery in Sondamental tli foam tie wi of Eewand [ores von in gis was sacmooned ‘ore te Baca oar hed by he Archdeacon of Lewes om a charge of pricy the Comme afer to ter plore ail corwepeg tsray seed exing Se wat toh ar seneal wry would allege, 2 “Seanie™ Se was meeysryig to poms hene cating the Selene tobe «perl wage joc ows ma ren Feveciey Ohusch in Sauox ll pone acd font which i prvaled with 2 Ine cover Yo preven pele sa Ge boly water for use in spells a ‘Wateve fe bu, te Church, or the schacmster might say the Dub in michersy al cotinued. Udon, sene tiniest cis dag The eke wh ye coma. The tet nich etl fond, May tel ek abet ices tre ere? fartris But ayy oc, sewers onan, tat to tase a reston for hu oibeoe, 1 ally fo hs book 15 dow wat ome thve noes af 2 eEsociated in ‘THE HORNED GOD IN SUSSEX Lars apie Wack mic go uk 0 begasigs revit ney By digi neat eso et Teta or nl un Hore rv ae en Oh iter ote bane bys whe Ciera eu or ad ce headed el by Se hath vom the mes wos date cll ee! pic wer inc Saw et Tent spot shore ene py why Mee hve gis ot oa evan inate ot ceria ee t's cocoate Mh‘ of te teat of 6 sy Ceo aise tay Bam inom ah san tenn be ade id etn 3 8th Chand, hago, Tas Ire shes ccy sci conta gt Sree vate on hs geiry a of Se Nils SRE Disc aoe hte psd oa ken sey Deidng oten eaten ce Bilal Sugsca ice te mei hs of peor Ser tat We golden Bins Beer Bio Ripe epee nite es nar so gat emp Boe Teg ali Clio toy Dat trope fo rernoy, thegedes cr cn Crna SE Ae Ta va werliped ae Dass = hed cc te Chesie dysch eA ee al frre al sch wld onee ary walin sasbed wiht gpm fae en og BEAST us th peti wang fe na tt BipteP apes ate Sle poog ondertook ber for a sacred vice. When she gave thes the flak and tcld thom ic was a arecicas o:amen: with ntich Bey wate ro anoint fe walle of the cured at Myra, ey accepted it asa miraculous git. Homewer, $2, Nicho-as a0 appecred walkicg ‘spon the water, 10 fail she dems, ad tordered them to throw the flask into the sea, They did 30, and te flask and Diata tagetksr disappeared in a blaze of Ase ‘The scece on the fon, carved in the ett Byzantine ste, ows the pilgrim ship with the goddewdomea standing 0 tke water on ore 8s, profleng the mari fsck. St [Neeholas wth his bskog’s erie stax on the water oo Dae ‘other side, exgng them to theaw the devil gift overboard. belies suck as this seedy held about the aaciext is understardble Inne veteaoraft and ded 1 ne clawed fopsther under the al Engst al spzeararce of the Del, wih hors, hzols ant ta ptesey that ef the Great God 2am a dpe fa sae ccupease, Fon was ove a te obec {> Grek god olds ten the costal gods of Clem is hows ce the primi eval af oer and ‘Tan onan sale sin Paro vwonds ard Bes. Hs wa he ge of shopher nd tamoes, She str ofl horeed ears He mat to -nvoed ay the feof hunting, rom bs aati of te nocd "Ths Gaus, the Calis ehlita of whet we now cll France, Rinrat dase ako wind pped Horned God chor they caked Cemuraos, To ea he was caler of the Under the plate wire the vous of the dend ent wide {ey waved to be reincacratd an ear The bale fn rina ery okt ard widespend. GQasis Gedtee; Lead at the a cf Oe Inet eotury {cap isl Legoring song Bein peta wisn hs as callecdng‘aferasiot alot wichock ie Tay. Toes fly, bo found ‘hat he. pean ealod ‘witcherat “La echia Ralgone In che Caverne des Tris Frcs, at Ardge, Fran, is a rmaniable sictate, hie any old-ime.witcrhunter wk have denounoed inwartly ne Sopicing te god ct witch covers or hs early representative, te mle ender Of e corm i his rival daguie, Yer tis pete s a cave. ing daira y anen tt che Stine Age. ft has beet Gaiman or being at let nice thousand years ck Te depict, wit recarkable powsr sondern the peimi- the atu vbo drew ia dentng aman askin est anid heme of # faz, Ke i evidently performing tare Inagcal acing the recet excavations at Starr Carr in York: thire on the tit of a Sone Age buster” camp, achaeo- log fours razed cf soce a: he sel hovaed cc weed in thee ancisct raagea! sila ‘They candi of Bren or rare ones othe akels ef gs, ith che Biers attached, The antler ad Been cleverly hollow ul to reduce tir wight for voarng onthe hea, co the Jatietal Cores thin’ thom hoc ban pertraced fr attach Tues oa rash, The bones had been sexcshed “nde to fet eal othe Head of the wes "At the cine viea thee pattouler magical masks were taleg sted ritin was sil ored ya ge lax-ndge toantrhern Enrops, The eat ofthe Homed Ged contract fo fourth, and etal dences were alll eld in hs honou long ater he arriva, of Chiidanity. The Liber Pocuier: fiat of Theodcre, Archiidnop of Canterbury (an. 668- (go, eden prosrblag pecartes for witcherat, enya? "I Alone at he Kalenie of January goes about ata Bag ot 2 Tet thor is, making Kinelf ine a wild anal and dheatng in he sin of & herd ssimal, ard puting ca the hands ef brass; thove wan an sce wae tcunfort (hem tales Exo the appearance of a wié animal, penance for three years because ths is dei” hn fpe cf ths and sinilar prohii and vitae stil hld thar place in Brat. alle ie, The6 wueae wrromenarr vas femour Hora Dare of Abbot's Bromley, Staffexcshice, T Deliewe continues to thi dey, So coes the Fuck Fair at Killocin in Tre'ace, where, amid scenss of mech orth sham ard a flewifol Row of whiskey, ¢ bily.geat B solemnly crowaed as King Pore [Now shit gives a clue a2 to. who the otizinad Puck ff Pook's Hil nes, herein Sum. He wee none ocher then the old gee of the wore hime, with all hi tradiioral sttrinses. “Puce” 9° "Powie” is ac Old Erglsh werd toe the Devil, Yet it forms part of many Susex 24ee-narae, sued as Pootbill, Puckicraft, Puckstye, Poubeod, ote Puck wat alo inowa as Robin Goodfellow, © wordest iGastrating a1 old chapoors called The Mad Pranks of Rooin Goosfettes, deed 1620, shows hire ceerly in Character af the ze of she witeh-ozvens, Raagh and ored> fs this old woed'ur i, it ie evigent that it depicts « aight ddarce of witeass ‘The contra. figure Puck aisesslf, held ing a brooentice in one hard ard a lighted canls ie ther. Tae seven, six mex and ex women placed elter autsly, dance around hie: in 9 tog, blowing a czcle which is mavied cut upen the ground’ Outs the cirdl> are vessels holding food ard érink, and a man playing musio for te dancer. Cis Hi: dhrough the cight sky ovettend. Seated oxide the ring of dancers is ax arial that leaks ar a wiveh's black eat, The central figure of Puck or Redin Goodfetow i ddeawa Larwer han the zest, ro emphasise its ixpartanes end. plave af honour: ‘Tis isthe coven'sIsader, the Devils kis Eval disguise af horned made and aninc?s aide. Ta spite of the cradesess of the weoérut, he is clearly = ren dguised, He is acked :0 the wais. Below the waist he wears a crsteme of shirs, and Isggings whic simulate clever hoofs Or iis head 22 mask Wwita hoens and large Deiat ears The broomstick “se eaeries has « phallic significant Regist folklors Tn some. parte ic is thought unlucky anvunrnarried gi to atop over a Eroamamice beccuse if dos ics sigm tka: “she wil! be a mother before she is a wife’. Tn, Sussex in bygone days the maypo's, sel? = hal. symbol, wed to be tepped by 2 ‘acye birch breom. ‘Things that are cex eymbels are ie eyeabos, and hence lucky. This is the biden msaaing bebind magy chjec:s which are vraditorel Iucictringers [2 explaina ‘shy, for instance, ic old snes 2 Broomstick of besa was but Jaco the valle howser 0 brieg luck te the iahixtants Te 1530, when altoratines were being mads to an old house in Banclond, Dore, one such brocmstek was fourd hind a wal—and ecrefaly realsced. Anvore ike has sver visited he ruirs of Porepeil and other acciem: towns anc seec tke phalbs symbol places on howe walle c# Lack ringers and avertars of che Buil Eye will recagn “The -vitea's broorati’s isa sutstiate far the oid sab of Prispus whieh used t be carved st pagan fertility fesivae ‘Proof that the chief raale member af the witctes” coven was caled she Devils Zouad in an :tem in The Gtender f State Papers dat-c 54. This gives a Est of eighty-sever “sespected ‘persons’, cong hem are "Duke Birtles the areat devil, Roger Birdss and his wife, and Ance Birtles" Anal a narsber of otter penpie spaced ae witekes ‘With this mearirg in mind, macy appereatly fantute evidence giver at witch-tnas booome eae. sobably was that as the ze wf she witches, the old Pan, Sihznas oc Cernunree was called by Churchmen the Devi, so his eis henchman tock the namns af the Devil 0. Let ts return to thoes tual remarbanees of fe Horned, God which have continued to be a par of folk life ti 2 moder tones. Of the:e, one of tae mat interesting takes place annually in Suez. It is the Hom Fair held every year at the village of Eberce on July a5th, St James's Dey. 1: has sexe relavion to the Horn Fair which used to be1B cerns weromexan? Lives Ioold ar Charitan, Kent, beeaue the old Sunex fall called the Here Pair Song exactly deserves what uscd 19 happen at Chaz tor, sre a song very similar to it used to be sang at the Cltca Horn Fair alia. Tae last vere of tho Susex cong gues Eke this *0 fairest af dames, how oan you say No? With you I-mead to tfc Fat for to ge We'l join te beso? eoepany when we do get thee, With hms on thie heads, boyy, he fine at the Fa” No proces “ith arms ox their eae” tray held sa: Eberoe, bet itcertanly ued to be held ot Chavet, Hoc Beye Sk yf tat the een peaple with hora in teks hats was accompcried oy feany indecensios om Shekels sh as Ce wapaieg a females wat tue, that gave ite fo “he provers ‘ls fie at Hom Foie «The whipping of females with fur" wil ke recagnsed ty; anthopoleivs a bsing avery od ard wep read fee sly situa. Mild vtipping was ought to Grive away el jeflocnzs and crore the toro= of We, 9 sped exampl Of ths cutum war the Reeen Lapecela, FT: Elvorthy ir hs bok Horts of Howour, ells us of Ghacton Hors Fax that b was hed on St Lakes Dey, sicker tSih. "On tat day a procenson, of which wh sosutts dating beck to 14e8 wed te sar foes Cuseaiee Paine near Deptford and serch, thioagh Gresavien -0 Glarion The Soteus cb comporing ed to rea hors of differen: Hine spon ther hese; why a he Fine hems elded (yn, end even gingeired fa ths shage of rms vere sik ilnds of een sed decoy sed to be guactea on Blacheath, where the prov, "Alls frst Hor Far? ‘This precesion was aboined in 176, bet the fae itelt cout wa 18, hen We ane by te Heme eretay after Seal good folk Fad got wp an agitetcn against 1. One of thers wrote to The Fines, ving it vas THE ZORYED cop IN SUSSEX 19 iclereble that “this sctursalia is held by the side of a hurch”, Sa the Charlton Hom Faiz faded into she past, 10 jair the Whitsun Ales, tie May Day bowers, the Mid- Semmes bones, end oat of be rest of Merry England. However, ie th> remote litte Suvtex village of Ed2=10¢ the cld Horn Fair had been revived in 186, after a lapse fof macy years, and it bas eontinuse to this dey Ts s be Tieved by lal pecple te of great antiquity. What it as We in oldea times we nave otly {2 icscitinea: Horn Fair song to tellus, ine itis evident foam the later shay ie c= serbied the Charlton Hor Far, at ary rate x the pro- sca of people mits horns on their aes Today a horse shep ss veasted whole em a spit, with ‘woo! motrd rund the Norns wp proset cher. It's said to fake a turn a7 nating “he sheep, and wistors eve a small donation forthe prckege of doing tas vilage evckat team ontertans a vistieg team to a tasich, and the ericetes ard their ‘reeds ate the Ent toon of the rasted sheep. After the mate) the batsman ‘iho hs soted she hilaer maraber of rans is presented wit the sheep's head and hore. ‘This prize is Lighly valued, fard & taken om to be cleaned are mounted. It is bee Tieved to beng ferlity to is owner's lind, ard to eneae hhim a large ard floashieg family. A bachelor eho “aes ‘won severa pairs of hares i cepored ta have tld ccmpeo0e to whom. as shewed ther : “Toe pinned my hares of fix’= Ing'a wife on thees hors, Wher, Ia mersied shall exzect silage femily, te. 7 ‘Weethse he spoke in jer or sarnest, it donee the baie’ held by “eal pongle at tp the signicance of Hom Fai, The peoals of aextby Kiréford believe fn cowing their cebloges the day afte: Hom Fair to ensure a good crop, ‘As T eve ai valotiore? country folk, whether of Ghrisvan or pre-Chestion times, were mot chzologias. ‘Trey did not ‘rouble themssves with complicated dogmas. On the contrary, they secspted sha: things supertuman swore by ésfinison beyond hurcan inte ct. They eoneeredthomicives with the things they so aroued fans Sec of ie deo a mth ee sw a ch pe wp abe yea aie year, the tres put aut new lever sere satay, They caw ew hfe teputer and fm. ‘They tw cle things witner aad ace sey. OF thea thirgy he fire on ther beating tet Gaede a her Bye the Bests Say hunted inthe wd, the tn ia tas orig ard te taoon oF night het rekgon was mace. Or rather, wes nct consciously ‘made, Sut grew of ‘all oat ofthe coep rots inthe calles saeseur of bunaniy Gf ts prinitne ane asinvive deire for kntip wie forces ot le the clef tae Horned Gad was a part Think why memory hae endard SUSSEX WITCH TRIALS ‘Tue pooular bet abst the penishment of wishes is that they Socte buraed at ths stake, Thit is trae only for Soot eng ao ths Gontbiners, and for Begland prior to the Re- formation. Ir the ign of Edward 1, « eampeadium of the lave of Saglaed a then exbting said that tye punishoneet of burning shoul be cerred ov “upon sorcerers, scrcer- tees, tenegodss, sodesitss and heretics publchy com Ginted". However, wwe have seen, eacch deseaded upor The wi irgess of the secular suthorities to cazzy ont the fauere sentence, and in fae: lighter sentences, such as Gxpoure cn the pilory er some similar form a genanes, ‘wore cften arsed. ‘Witches were nat alvays regarded with Eo-ree aod exe ceatica, "There is 2 ear> on rocord, for instamos, where in 570 ths Vier of St, Durstan’s, near Caateriury, made fn indigrant camp'aint to the authorities that the keeper Of the geo) in Cantesbury was allewang, aa smprivoaed witch toc mnuch Ekerty, Furr, Ge gacler hed publicly Fematied thar "the witch did more good by ber physic than Mr, Pundell and Mr. Wood being preachers of See's werd", "Ais: he Reformation, the secular law took presedeace in England, and witshes were excsced, if gerteaced 1 Gesth, by hanging. Ths ponelty af burring remained i Scotland, as Cel the horsble przesice af tortare to extract confetsions. This was not legal in Ergland, tough the foul fools in which swpers were dosiised were a torure in therlves.a teenie es a sept cretes Pe fag ws eh a soe Tih Oars Ee epee oft ing sere ager ze eo ater con hae cay nies ye eal eee a eens Be gies os Ses teehee Sen fe en vuleeen Serene ree Rol wi of Rena omen mee: Te ec ee serene ee gree ite ak sussex wirer TRIALS 25 cordered te be swura, The evidence against Martha Braff is rot recurded. Mrs, Royall may avs beex drsarsing, oc the wack thing may have besn a aelicious insertion on her sett, Hewever, it sme kely fom the absecee of any further second 0! teal or punishment chat Anze Howell ans, Martha Broff were devlered rit guilty by fe acd. Mec «cusses have boon made at the actual number of persons tee and condemned 2s witches in Enaiond. This ‘Guet:nn remained in te realm of gueswore eften sensi- tioral gueswork, ual the zeearches of Mc. C. UEstange Ewan, the results af which sere pablisaed i, bis book Wateh Hesting and Wile Triely in 958. Mr Ewen ‘uncertook she fist systematic sears of the pubic reccrds 15 find and exemine accounts of witch tial. Resding his beak, are feels adsriration for his even vncentakirg such a task, et aloee achieving susoossful sults He dacised to onacentite fir: on the recores for the Home Creuit of Asizes comprising the ccurtise of Baie, Hertfordsbie, Kerat, Suney ard Sussex, because these went the farthest bork, scamnencing on 1559. He extirstes that about 77 per cent of te Home Circuit rears have sae vived. Of these, se fund saure ell preserved, other: rushed, crampled, full of dust, ard soreticns ir tbe last stages of ceeap. Semetines they ware quice impose to reed, Other records vite mapracce or wrongly Inbeled, ‘Those thar wers legible were usually watea in crebbed and abbreviated Latia, fall of amtiqunted legal toons, "From this mats of monidering dacumeets, the deterina toe and scholaréig of Mx, Bure: have succteded in pvicg us at least a geod preporton of the fects about “witch tial in Bogiand, He tell ws, However, dat his Ezaree mey conly reprearnt abou: hslf of the actial wiak wtich took Place in the Home Circuit. They de nat include trials in ‘towns judicially independea: of the ssioes; and tials by cordee ct the mon‘cipal authorities, tuch as the vee by the ‘Mayor of Rye meted atowe, seer to have been bi'yPs worERE WITOHGRAPE Lives Mr. Ewen went on to examine the records of the other ‘Assize Cireuits in England and Wales, bu: we ean ocly ‘concern curselvss bere with His figures for Sussex, He states that seventeen sencns are shown as being “rcicied for sricheraft in Sasex between the yeas covered by Ue Hame Circuit reels between 1538 and 0756. ceaunting the cates in his shuracts of iecictzmants can ctl find sixteer, of which vo evidensy reier ta the sera> per sen, waking Slteea germs indicted in all, Of these fifteen pexiom, only Jour wore eamvicted, and af dese four only eee wat sentenced to desth ‘This ip acoully the lowe figure for the f= counries cf the Home Ciresit, and eortrasts wit) the hiceous tote) cf eigiy--v0 hangieg ia Eexex, which bes the hignst figures of hangings ard irdiements Sure people seer 10 have shown s erater degree of toler, thar exieed in other placss in Englane, 28 the let in witchoralt wnt ‘uiveral in ckese times. Heze in bit are the saxon cases from Sessex: ja. At Kast Grinsead Asszes, Joan Usbome of Hiaibhacr, the vefe of John Libarve, hnskanéman, was necused of bewitching 10 death a Cull end 2 exe 1475. At Bes: Grirsteed Aszes, Margaret Cooper af Kidford, tke wile of Wiliam Cocper, surgson, Wa sccused of bewitching to death to nen and a woman. 1277. Mt Hesham Asines, Margesy Burrow of Chailsy, spinster, was accused of baviiching a woman, Julene Curtis of Craey, spinster, was scowed of Dewitchieg a womat ‘Alice Casslows of Mayficld, spinster, was accused of bewi:ching t> death an ox and two pips At Hersham Asczn, Alice Sted of Stedhary f Jokn S:edan, a “wodhrocker” (7 wacd was semsee cf bewtchiog thees cons ard a sleet, Ghd causing the cave t calve prematcrely. sussex wires TRIALS %5 tyfo. At Zast Grnstead Asses, Uisala Weliace of Aisa, spinses, wes accused 3° bewisehirg to death a seve, eight chickens and tea hens at Alfrista, ard two oma at Berwick. 1509, At Bast Gairstecd Asians, Edward Royton of fatshars, a glover, was accused cf beaitching to death ‘cow and amore, 9: bewiseirg two men 9 that c€e of chara lest te we af his right arm, ané of bewitching another man :0 dex. righ At Bi Fleishieg. spine 1593: A: Haat Grirstead Assiaes, Bleabech Whighte of Baloembs, spit, was accused of bewitching four per tons, two meta end two ween, Grinstead Astxe, Agnes Mower of “yas accused of bewitching 2 young oz, A Hecham Asses, Retert Stockton of Dakingion, a ‘abourer, war accused of bewtehing = was to Seach, 605, At Bast Grinstead Assies, Robert Siibien of Delliog-on = chander (prokahy the seme person 2 the aor), was accused of bawithing a worn 1617. At East Grinstead Asizss, Margavet Pancell of Salen, wile cf Taomes Pranel, was accazed of be. ‘witching a raan ada woman so that they wore “easted end consumes!" and of bewitching ta ceath a sow and ight pis iSs4. At Hociham Astizes, Jars Shoebridse cf Withiam, spintee, was accused of bewitexing 3 curlve syearold gieL ‘Clement Shcebsidge of Withiam, a widow, at sceussd of bewitching 2 mar, 2nd also of bew.ching oa a Tatsr occasion she sae yours gil that Jane Shosbricge3 wuers wirontcaary Lives The distineion betweet coreronial magic and witch cxoft mas usally maze ard understood by cur ancestors ‘The tao Lewes men reiemed tz above wero ordered “ta be ‘amined touching conjarction"y but ja he prrsious year, 1577, Joan A Wood was aresenced kelore the Sesioes of the Beate at Seaford, Sussee “for king a wich”. TWO STRANGE STORIES ‘A wrt tal that ook pace at Re Sesieg in 1607 i 10 ‘eusous that ie deserves be conskled nf ou. Te fro too nemen, Mrs Aone or Aon Tayir ond Mis Sonnea Seanper wa lived mot door 0 each other in lon Siret one of the picturesque lithe sess 9 the old Sapor ome “The howe! in which they ved belonged t= old Mrs Benes, Aen Taylats nose. She as ocally supped lo be vomsthing of a wise waman, or white wits, anf was connate) by bet chars forthe cure of ness. Arm Taslrs husband George sdeiaised as a sen smar- Tee Swapper, Roget ard Suanoa, were cf humbier ation and rene thee house fre Mis Benastt. Roger Swapper asa nyt, Tn. roy Suanna Swapper and Ane Taslr were dencuseed at wedi, Suan ws brought befor the Mayer, “koma Higgons to be quetionel, and ber sate ren ete tara down by the Towa Cl is all surted one right when at abou: cd right at she wens ying in ed, he say four sprit appear tober One of tem sexs tl sleanshaven yong mm Aresed in's waite sxplzy, wh gave Hi mame 2s Reband ‘Another wes at cher man wih 2 grey bear, whe was lated ia whits with asain doublec and pinkse bres the gave the name € Rader, Then sere were wc wcine, Gaerine cad Margery, one of wkom was dried in & geen gelibuat and 8 vhitewascou, a ths cer all2 ‘vitene wiremanare Lives ‘The nest day she told her fiend Mrs. Taylor abou: the agpariten, asd Mes, Tayler said :t wer an illusion, Howe cers, the spirits apzeared vice mere, 10 she told Mr ‘Tayler again, and she acvised ker 70 adh the epi what they wanted "The next im= they appeared she eid sy and toey teld hr 9 g9 30 Aan Bemnett (Mrz, Tayles) aad eall bar ints the garea (oi ‘Aaa and Suzcana cosordingty went into the gandea, wich Asn's thoughts atleast an butied treamire, Hewover, on (: thee eli, pretably with fright o> otestemen:, ac they did no: continue Leng. Ann Taylor tld Susanna thet previgus ceawren: cf her house, one Roger Preval, fad 00 been trocbied by spirts, and been told to dig it (cid “af the affair that he woald ot a it, and haa since ‘an sald that she was heir w the meney, ata promised the Svepseis that if fey seud find out Som the pints ‘where tae money seas turied they shoud Fave « hunted [petnds for thomse'ers, end should ac The spicte ccmvirmed that -morey -d in the gars, ene xertioned arother reeea: fird of suried trecsuce ata pleee caled Weeks Green, which Ann Taylor had heard of ‘The spri: Richari, who was Susanna’s chief escumeniea- tex, eveabially penuaded Susanna 0 go ta Weeks Gree ‘Wat fllews2 is weld in the werds of Seserea’s cepssiton, swtich is pucserved on a siagle shes: among the Herlian MSS., No. 9 Ars 47, Fo. 183 I have enodeen:sed the spelling: “Aad she cid learn the way of Ana Bonnett ‘Ann Ty Jw), and dd go thither, aod there aid see the tall man (Richord) sand on the streot; anc be called ber co false ir. dhcush. jd inca che green fed ext to ih which she did} and in the mids of the Geld thers was & valley af the cao dd>, and a benke om che other; arc there bie told her in that valley there isat a pot and gold in it s 3 and a chain upon the tcp of it; ard beside the pit, ander lide stub, thore was a czech, meial, with thoes Ia in fey. And be bade her st diwn upen a ‘and then she mas a ma, alin lac, fon the cne side of she hedge fonsn ik groea oa the sare side, zeing 10-mest one arochor. And she Gough the groan. chd move under her as she sats ané then she eked, Lord Fave mescy upon me, whet skal boccare of me?” Ave thee th: tall mar came wo her again, and bede hher be not afraid, foe Sue stoald have nes harm: 222 :eeiag the two pecions before mensioned, the ssked the te] man what they were. Ard he sic, “The worn is Quoen of the Friviey, and tha if she wonld hnoel to Eee sho woul give her a Evins; and then she locked and they were gone And the tal man eae to her ager, end willed her t3 arse and (go heenss “ut she could ast exes and Ee willed ber in ate 2° God to asic. And chan she arose acd “vent b tlek to bed, and she raaa vanished aay. “The eurins pir aout ti sory ithe ween od (jens of te Pens Te wa ners wed othe Molden Sra sich cen: Sonn the wa called the Queen a Eiphcre din ones he Queen othe Sathen, Te ran tilts Eck who pent 9 bet cyl have born Bev ofa oven nao b oben decried ite ur Wee all thee sppemancts prey vironary or etfs orl lod pepl ved? ris band ony Puicnm sd tha sho har a van cnt teen i ot oly Ca fine four sa, Richa, Reber, Gilt and Nacgry ever spoke coher But en Tash Gah orahundted yt, and thay we a fn ha ear sy sera wien tn wanting to ell Ssmao tat fo could foe taser whcthet dhe war meng tae wey old Ex Tiel thal pata a eth fry oat wa cone pod of the sul of pple who bad weve bee hep,a vorenr wrreanarr tives ‘tis, were not Christians: emong wher, af eoure, would bbe many fellewors of the Old Religion. Sometimes spirits oF vissocacy pictures wal? appear in the gas of « window, and octh George snd Ann Tavkor ssw Crem there. Sasasna mid that these visions were sent we eoesince chem, because of theiz uabeliel, Susanna mes in the babis of laying flowers end hetbs in the windows ‘where the spcits were wea! to eppear, abo water, bread and event at varices tense, whith the spirits cansed to ale appear, presurnably 2s a ts: of “heir powers. She als sew the spit Rickard walking ir the town at various times amd ‘occe Robart is meationed 318 so, AA this mas: Eave made very strange hosing to the or and Jura of Rye. Ann Taylor and Susacna Snapper wore amected and lodged :n Rye Goel, accused of ‘orsuting wit evil spits. They iors tied at the General Sesions at Rye snd condemned te death, ‘Thane arv sges of a private grudge egaist Aor. Taylor bsiag heli by Marika, wine became the wile of Thomas Figgnns, the Mayer who wied the case, Ana Teylor iad cemented on this lazvs zroras, accusing er 9? asociae tirg with her Srst husband Thomes Haman, the previo Mayor, before their marrizge are waile his fs wie wae sl) alive. She had alto -rmitked on her raarrying Higgocs, within these weeks of Hamon's deat. Tn ctu, Martha, sow gave evidence that she eieved Ann Taye hac be witched Hemee ta death. Getsge Taro:, Ann's husbané, appealed ts Sic Jotn Buys, who inzerwened with the Mayar to east dow upen the court's gal rigs: to try uel a cave, A stay of execute ‘wat secured, appacently with a view oa resal. However, tke Mayor refused to release Ann Taylor ce bail, and she rexrzined imprioned in tke Ypres Tower, Geonge Tey!3? then eppealee to che Lord Warden of the Ciaqus Pons the Bell of Northarapton. In his rion he state that bit vite vas “now with chiky, and grown very weal by zeaean thereot and the Toathiecnscows of the prison” Wo SIRANGE STORIES 33 ‘The Lord Wendt at a very arp memorardes 19 the Mayor of Ry, in which he said that Ann Tyke was being Kop: inthe concnon, gol "upon the en aceu fea cl a lend woman an some pevate clpleasare cam ced by soul against hee The Mayor replid tat Ar fad beet, convicted Sor aiding and shesang Susanna Swapper ie witches. Her Ruud hod proeted thar se weld appewe before the curt when called en, but she hud ram away for Fall = eat ite Kent, She had cerned to Rye seco, and ad be apprexended alter a qucel with ser taidecranl, and itled’n aco, Neversiew, te Mayor agreed so bil her infer baslands say af 210 Theater daggee on vate ct, hen he eave wan agai lid before the to's legal edie, ho concurred Whe opiion that i war exveted by the overs pete: The Mayer, Thornes Higgom, when sated the ca, ad di, and cher the Lord Wardee'snievenon they ere pribally gaat be nd of it Ann ane Susanna were Seared accerdingy. “Anorker strange Sue story coe what are Inova acendaye 08 polergat phetinera. At the tons took place, arvund 1683, al suck tinge vee pur down © Witcheats However in modem dae! pepeical esearch ka Uevotnd reach Hime to she tudy of suck occurences, ad Teather eat concn one it arene tag it ay beee nied that such plencwpena a chen mofated vi the presace the houhold Si aot ee heen. Yee ee ce titagh tie penis reves asocated with pu Teen nomi: co och av the for oF sie cistoaners, Sometines too, ba Ino Jnequeatly,wartic adahs ean Become the conte fom stich the pheromena seem t rv thet powes to marifet Oe Sesomean themselves ate offen chacactsved by 8 seis, aggresive deteactvensst. Stones are thrown by Sp imanble agency. Knockngs ard stange nobee tureen woERE witoncrazT Lives the Kcwse2old, Furniture snd erockery ere shrewn about. Sometimes fires str: spoessnecisly. Sormatrac weird formas ae seen, The phenomece vary in strength foxy the miklly edi to the ternfying and dargeroas. Psychic researches sll do not now the full answer to che probles, of Erese Frange oocurre3ce:, ‘he following sccry is eocteined ix che MS. collsctians selasing to Susex lft by the Rev, W. flayley. 1ecor of righting, to the Britsh Museum. The dats of about 1552 fs indicated by the names mentioned, T have znodernised the spelling and purctantien: \Brigling, in Sasex __ "At touche lation of the Bightiag Sto-y, whiga fein waanee unsatenly tre, hover booe stances of fe snay’ vary, be Pai fo we tae flowing “On Moniay was thse woe (ago) ato va: the ouse o: Jonph Gretender, 0 Srghling a old sccm abot thea ee att ge ofthe wl Cree nd {elt ber sed ecknides vers coming upon er masts and dhe; tei haze steal bee, std ry cher cubs tel thens tue oss ga witha, dat ste spa af what os ad td hor, the Doel ut eas er te pices ‘Otiecrse lena afer, or aout shuld some wo hee sarangi, o ths may and women ty nb i ed ac nt us eal 3 whence it care. They rie ard pry, date which he dinubaness cram, Some sy they ment to bed ol Fading the same “vubie thoy ace oned tote. Tues at too, ds oe dit and roa thems age before right pt fied; they sale i down, it fle scoestat Ie pate pornder; a hey step2ed it ther it ban ie ares poe fra hen in anon sl te wl house was bur Sow Some ty somthing Fk 2 Slack bull wes seen tub abort she crtityof wie T aver cot. Tac hoe, thou ‘wo sinavox stones 35 is turned down to the ground, t flamed not, The night was in earryirg away goods, o- ate ching o: acctoer, © ete plase cr another, they I thick semainicg raoe: rthout dco, Teursdey Colonel Busbridge (whee howe the fornse was, being ceqcaintel wich the man's sel accident, Wad cher go into another of his houses in iho parish, shithor, when th goods were brough, such lke cist: Tbano:s ware there al te hous feta, endecveairs are rade by many te quench i, but in vain, till the goods are thease ott, when i eras wits litle ar no help. “In this condition nove durst Int them into their docrss uy abd= ander a ut; the goods ars chrown upside down: pewter dishes, knives, brick-batsstzhe chem, bus burt thsra rot Mt, Fencete and Mr. Bredsew, ministers, come pray mits them ven a ka fe glanced by the broast of Mr. Benet, a bral or dit as) thrown at his back, but while at prayers quiet ‘They were withou: doses, there baing very. many resent, a wooden tut (a kid af lack) came Ayn ‘out ef the air, by many, a>] eam= and struck che team! 28 likewise a horseshoe, whica was by seme laid away. and it var observed af F2 own accord to rise agcin ara ty to she map, ard struck hiv ie tae midst of a hundesd people. “Upon ste: examination the man confoseta that Ihad ‘xen a thef, end did it under the coicur af relgioe, (on the) Sabbath dey, The girl told her dame the Zorn story of the waman's discourse; she is seat fee ar3 examined before Cape Callin are Mz Busbreige, and she is watched and ssareasd swenty-four heurss the wie saye she is Tike ‘ts worsen, but I tink well not swear itis she sae. This women wus forcerly suspected to be a wich, had © Maieston> teu it, but got awa, and hach livad about Burwath some tine sree; ber mare T know nat Toestay four minster keg 4 fost, Mr. Beuner, Waler, Bradshaw and Golder, Sinor [ hear net of any tcuble, "is said that thy ithe Cretermens! ace in a bara oe alehause. While they lay without deors, meal toa seigtbaur’s so male sone bread, they could et walk it up6 eumne worsnanarT Lives imo loaves, bet it was lke buves, and 20 Dey gut it ieto the evee, but it would no! Bake, Eut eae ou ae it want om “This relation came fro BE. Colling who wee a eye witness to mach of 1.” The reader will acte che presnce of the young ma Servant in ths treubled fame. They kad enty hor wore for it hac the woman who as suspected of eaus rg t2> trouble by witcheraft sver came to the door at al. Howeve™ this was suffeeat to cewe the woman to be “waved anc searched tweary-four “our. From what we know of wich-hun=ng practies, bait meant that she sas iopriened Atel depsived of food and $ep for that poring in “he Kove that ber farlicr spss would contact er. Somistines the suspect was made te croslegged, and beend 39 44 nscessery, upon a s:ool or t2heia the middle ef the rcom, fer hoars on eed. It Curing the ine that she warbeing watched any animaa, bisd or even insect entered the root it would be killed on sight er suspicion of being one ef er gs, ‘She would also be stippse and searched fer the Devils amar, with which e wes cuppased to brand Bie devotes, ‘The description of this mack was s9 vawe that it mould fit alnest eny bidumark oz saa lbs, if the acrusess wahed tts. Sometimes the sar was suzposi< to be a spat insenstive to pein, which was searched fer wrk the suspect was ilinefolded. Actually, possbie co chive a sharp needle into che Is senttve pas fof the body end yer ease very tle feekng, Docters make aus of chis feet ody wea giving hypodermic bavction ‘The really determined witeh-hewee had thus a faicy wh hsice ef means to seeurs a convieson. Tae sore cf interes: for madera psychic neearchers would have beer Guat maidsecvant. Die the enjoy the ddraraa of the exainiaation of the sspected witch? Dic she fale tke phenomene, or did hey heppen because of her yee ‘without he: conscious volta? No furtaee record bas survived (9 tell w the eed of shis strange story. WITCHES, HARES AND THE MOON One af the ron witespread Sioa bel aboet wise thar chy pouoy Ge fover © arn sheqel a har, tspecially night, Or aummer sigs when thelr boom cers nee Speed Suter saple se ay ye Tiedo eres ell wit Se hartge Upper 8 hues ep ovt toe nith-hore who ran by na & salky soar Weldon 2M, Ser, bears he OM tae ot Trek Boos Te George Aithiom in Suen Nowe end Quevs foe May isn tb of iy eoneeraton in aft Sates alage alt Sd men ks Frm tolived fn niche aed ho cla ti ave tit fae Lnnen mich fe that tha by nar of tes wither in tars anna She had a foe of Chan wo all kn ad sheen” hes “Stove oF her Chagatem ok out ote vlogs nnd & cheney Pepe oman td Mr Aichizon how one night he wea to ee) lp for ask penn, Tew very Ln gk, Shen ty a hedge he sew te dat fm of a soar, Toe ie Regt ate wie Woy Me Te you an ne al ope out 0 lt sen Ta ora Stmafaty wen an lead he or 2 hae rateng thou gap tye ede aul over feng ye BE Sans ty ding Cay “This old man bad nover been one chan a days wall from tg-men age, sdk nth ef sof orks So cies rer ne hae feat ‘waeee wi A Licy called Old Mother Dishy, of Bas: Harting, was ated for her eapaces in the dagps of a har 59 abo as a nitch who use te Lve on Ditstliag Common ie a covtage called “Jack 7 Spedes". ‘There are a number of Susee snerice sboet hranters whose dogs pursue a fate for a lang ac dificut encse. finaly the are leaps onto a cottegs acden or throngh a windew fac sheter, When the Inmates amive, thece is no bare to be fourd, Thame is no-one there Dut she dy 0° she house, ie 9 dered sate 20 she ‘ai been rurzeng! “This belie is by no mans coofine to Same. It is found al over Europe, We cust therefore try «2 discover its pombe origins. ‘The hare is cften oonaected in mythology and folklore wth the moon. The markings an the face of the Zul mom ate widely belived t2 ropresent a hare, Hence the have Inequectly appeess as a seromt 9: ths Moon-godders, From very ancistt tmes iz Brizin hats have bese sevardet as weaany ani, Jelias Caeser noted that fe Anciert Brions were net penaitied to sat hates, chicken or geese, but kept these creatures for pleaaise. A pre-udice grins cating kare’: fesh Lngered cameng the eoxntry folk cof the south-west pars of England as late asthe riceenth century, as it ext else in pars of Weles Irelend and Britany An exception was made cf here's trcis, which were coskedl aud glvan tc babies as a sedative, Po lave a hare crces the med in front cf argone who was ging on a journey er an exrané was oxcsired vey unlucky. Anyone who save such an amen wat adviese 3 tum bark end postzone their business unt the next neal hhad bern eaten Sussex Fshernen sberinated harss anc tabbity, which wore usual’y classed with hares in folk belief. ‘The very nam: of the creatures must 20: be mentoned wien they wore preparing their gees, a7 il Toes would attend thee fshing. Uhave becrd of people ho wished to bring aa.90%- fane> to ancthe> fishermen goig secretly ay night are WITCHES, KARES AME THE WOON 99 ruling = hares or rabies in to the mast f ie boat “They bnew chats con ase hotell sh as dscoered the ‘boa: ould have to be sburdoned unt a sas {toothy ceed Te the silage of Glace, Suse, these is an old spe sto. then the word “Hares” nut ke sad ery loud 20 rine atthe lat werd her rering torte lst day sf he trath, On the Glowing morning, the new reat, nes Set word snst be "Rabbis ao said Kony Tas racic thought to Brag goed leh forte mesth Now; tke things neater in tae eupersdtos deaiked alone, epar forthe genera. uncannines of tha hace, ae batir, the sea oid the ronth. AL shice of tse things, scooting vo ancient lace, are ruled By the con, Tt has clten buen site tea: in supecritione we ean tee the remainy of former teigiow beliefs, and the ngertdons aut hare are m exe fe plat, Hes, chen, were fac special ceatures of the Mcn- omy ard ‘he aoeatio of wicher with hart a atcenen ‘off the fact tha: witches have been asssciated wih tke Moomgorcess ae wall tthe Florted God fron tims inmemert ‘Shalesprare ncogcise this fee: when he rakes hie thee wiceher in Sachets wonkiopen ot Hacata, the ancient Greek Mono-gedens cf wiosera. There i (0 acarion of covsvcmhip or invocations of Sctzn in. Shekespeare's eprocniadae of withe-alt He new that witches wor Ships! a Move-ppidew, ard repented thee second. ingly. ‘where itis Enown a8 "La Veohia Relgiene”, or "Te> Old Religiec”, by Charles Godicey Leland and othece cisckeed the feet (hat Telian witches stil worthigped fae Moon ‘godess Disna ard her caughter Aredia, Ia oct, Ta ‘he Old Religion stil san i ‘We ind mary roertians of the godess of the witches in