Amazing Christmas Tree

By Earn S.,Milly, Tong, Nadia, Jay 1101

Introduction
In the experiment, we are going to create a model of chrismas tree which
is able to shine in darkness by using different kind of materials and design
such as light bulbs and plastic boxes. Together with physic theory, to make
the tree shines, we are going to build series and parallel circuit. For the
result, we successfully created the model which consists of parallel and series
circuit and with our clearly understanding of physics.
Our Purpose
To understand more clearly about Electrostatics and some theories such
as Coulombs law, Ohms laws, and about conductors and insulators as well.
Moreover, it will help us in order to see the real result that applying from all
of those laws and information.
Electric Current
The rate of charge flow past a given point in an electric circuit
Measured in Coulombs/second : Ampere
Most DC electric circuits, it can be assumed that the resistance to current
flow is a constant so that the current in the circuit is related to voltage and
resistance by Ohm's law.
The standard abbreviations for the units are 1 A = 1C/s.
Current Law
The electric current in amperes = The current which flows out.

This can be seen to be just a statement of conservation of charge. Since

you do not lose any charge during the flow process around the circuit, the
total current in any cross-section of the circuit is the same. Along with the
voltage law, this law is a powerful tool for the analysis of electric circuits.
Electric Circuit
Most practical applications of electricity involve the flow of electric
current in a closed path under the influence of a driving voltage, analogous to
the flow in a water circuit under the influence of a driving pressure.
A complete path, typically through conductors such as wires and through
circuit elements, is called an electric circuit.
Circuit Elements
3 basic circuit elements -> resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
Only these passive elements will be considered here; active circuit
elements are the subject of electronics.
Parallel Circuit
one that has two or more paths for the electricity to flow, the loads
are parallel to each other.
If the loads in this circuit were light bulbs and one blew out, there is
still current flowing to the others because they are still in a direct path
from the negative to positive terminals of the battery.
The parallel circuit has very different characteristics than a series
circuit : The total resistance of a Parallel Circuit is NOT equal to the sum of
the resistors
Adding more parallel resistances to the paths causes the total
resistance in the circuit to decrease
Series Circuit
A circuit when all the devices are connected using series connections.

Each device is connected in a manner such that there is only one

pathway by which charge can traverse the external circuit.

Each charge passing through the loop of the external circuit will pass
through each resistor in consecutive fashion.
Measuring Current
Current is measured in amperes
Amperes is often abbreviated to amps or A
The current flowing through a component in a circuit is measured using an
ammeter
The ammeter must be connected in series with the component
Measuring potential difference
Potential difference is measured in volts, V
Potential difference across a component in a circuit is measured using a
voltmeter
The voltmeter must be connected in parallel with the component
Materials (Structure)

Plastic Box Glue

Materials (circuit)

light switch Four small light bulbs

wire
Materials (circuit)

Battery tray Four battery

Materials (circuit)

Wire with plug and switch

Light bulb
Procedures
1) Prepare wood base

2) Stick all boxes together

3) Make a small hole on some of the boxes

Procedures
4) Connect the wire from the light bulb and plug wire together by the black
tape

5) Put the wire that connected down into the small hole at the base

6) Test if it light up
Procedures
7) Make a parallel circuit on four small light bulbs
8) Use separate wire
9) Finish up all the compose
Conclusion
In conclusion, our group has created a model of a christmas tree which
related to physics rules about electric circuits which are, mainly, parallel and
series circuit.
As we creating it, we first had to plan about the materials and to draw
the structure of the model. Then, we started creating it by following all the
rules.
Furthermore, while we were creating it, we keep recording our
progresses by taking photos and writing in the lab report. Lastly, our project
is successfully finished because of our understanding in physics and our
effort in doing this work.
References
Conductors and Insulators. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Conductors-and-Insulators

Coulomb's Law. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-3/Coulomb-s-Law

Resistance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/resis.html#c1

(n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/conins.html#c3

Electric Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/ecircon.html#c1

Electric Current. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2017, from

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elecur.html

Ag Power Web Enhanced Course Materials. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2017, from
https://www.swtc.edu/Ag_Power/electrical/lecture/parallel_circuits.htm

BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Current and voltage. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2017, from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/controlling_current/circuitsrev2.shtml