Management of Environment

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 Broad Coverage
ISO 14000 Tools for Environmental Management
Global Environmental Issues
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
ISO 14001
Environmental Clearance in India
Environmental Impact Assessment
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Environmental Audit
Environmental Law
Other related topics

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What is ISO?

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Related Standards

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 Related Standards
ISO 9001: 2008 (2015)
ISO/IEC 27001: 2013 (Specification for
ISMS)
OHSAS 18001: 1999 (2007) (ISO 45001)
SA 8000: 2014
ISO 50001: 2011
ISO 22000: 2005

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What is ISO 14000?

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 ISO 14000
A family of standards structured by the ISO
that address various aspects of
environmental management.
The series is made up of documents related
to EMS (i.e., ISO 14001 and ISO 14004) and
documents related to environmental
management tools (i.e., all other ISO 14000
series documents).
ISO 14001: 1996 (2004) (2015)

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 Other standards of the ISO
14000 family
ISO 14015: Environmental assessment of
sites and organizations

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Other standards of the ISO
14000 family

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Other standards of the ISO
14000 family

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 Other standards of the ISO
14000 family
ISO 14020: Environmental Labels and
Declarations related

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 Environmental Declarations
Planet ke rakhwale
Low VOC
Water Positive

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 Environmental Declarations
CFC Free Air Conditioners
Use of flyash for brick making in their
premises
Aisa Yeh Jahaan

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Environmental Labels

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 Other standards of the ISO
14000 family
ISO 14031: Environmental performance
evaluation related
ISO 14040: Life Cycle Assessment related

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 Other standards of the ISO
14000 family
ISO 14050: Environmental Management:
Vocabulary
ISO 14060: Environmental Aspects in
product standards
ISO 14064 and 65: GHG related

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 Other standards of the ISO
14000 family
ISO 14050: Environmental Management:
Vocabulary
ISO 14060: Environmental Aspects in
product standards
ISO 14064 and 65: GHG related

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 Relatively recent
additions/Drafts
ISO 14006: Guidelines on eco-design
ISO 14051: Material flow cost accounting
ISO 14045: Eco-efficiency assessment
ISO 14026: Integrating environment aspects
into product design
ISO 14066: Green house gas competency
requirement

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Objectives of ISO 14000

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 Objectives of ISO 14000
To provide a framework for an overall strategic
approach to an organization's environmental
policy, plans and actions.
To help an organization of any size or type to
control the impact of its activities, products
and services on the environment.
To enable a structured approach to setting
environmental objectives and targets, to
achieving them and to demonstrating that
they have been achieved.

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 Objectives of ISO 14000
To make environmental management a
proactive exercise and show that a strategic
approach can bring higher return on
investment in environment related measures.
To establish a common approach to
environmental management systems that is
internationally recognized, leading to
improved environmental protection and
reducing barriers to international trade.

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Driving Forces for Self
Regulation

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 Driving Forces for Self
Regulation
International agreements
Increasing Competition
Green Consumerism
Public Pressures
Resource optimization
Stricter environmental laws and regulations

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 Management of Environment
Sustainable development
Meeting the needs of the present generation
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs

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 Global Environmental Issues

Global warming
Ozone depletion
Acid Rain
Marine Pollution
Transboundary movement of Hazardous Waste
Environmental Pollution in economically developing
countries
Disappearance of tropical forests
Dwindling varieties of wildlife
Desertification

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Management of Environment

Global warming
Global warming is a process in which the surface
temperature of the Earth rises because of the
"greenhouse effect." The greenhouse effect is caused by
an increase in greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
methane, chlorofluorocarbons, etc.), which we produce
as we go about our daily life.
The results of global warming are predicted to be higher
sea levels, as the seawater expands from the heat, and
harsh climatic changes. These changes are expected to
exert a big effect on agriculture and ecosystems.

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Management of Environment

Ozone Layer Depletion

Ozone is a natural gas that exists in large quantities in the
stratosphere, which is one of the upper layers of the Earth's
atmosphere. There, ozone works to protect life on earth by
absorbing ultraviolet rays and other harmful rays from the sun. This
ozone layer is steadily being destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons,
halons and other ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere.

As the ozone layer is destroyed, more harmful ultraviolet rays reach

the Earth's surface. This causes skin cancer, cataracts and other
health problems and may exert dangerous effects on plankton,
agricultural products and all kinds of plants and animals.

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Management of Environment

Acid Rain
Since the industrial revolution, we have been using large quantities
of oil, coal and other fossil fuels. The combustion (burning) of fossil
fuels generates large amounts of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
Acid rain is rain (or mist) that has picked up these oxides, which
have been released into the atmosphere, and deposits them on the
ground.

In Europe and North America, acid rain and acidification of the soil
is promoting the disappearance of forests and the deterioration of
historical ruins and other structures. The acidification of lakes and
marshes there is causing the extinction of certain fishes and having
other ill effects.

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Management of Environment

Disappearance of tropical forests

Tropical forests are an important source of lumber. At the same
time, tropical forests serve the vital role of being wildlife habitats
and of absorbing and storing carbon dioxide, which is the main
cause of global warming. It is estimated that about 1,540 hectares
of tropical forest disappear each year, because of large-scale, slash-
and-burn agricultural practices and logging for commercial
purposes.

The disappearance of tropical forests is raising concerns about the

large-scale extinction of certain species of wild life, the destruction
of ecosystems, and effects on global warming.

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Management of Environment

Dwindling variety of wildlife

There are about 1.75 million species of wild life
on this planet that have been verified
scientifically. The actual number of species could
be 10 million or maybe even more than 100
million! But the destruction of wildlife habitats
by human activity and the indiscriminate
catching and killing of wildlife is causing a sharp
decline in the number of wild plants and animals
on this planet. This trend is causing concern
regarding the loss of precious gene pools and
changes in ecosystems.
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Management of Environment

Marine Pollution
Pollution of the Earth's oceans and seas is
getting worse. Pollutants are flushed down rivers
and streams, and oil spills into the water when
tankers and other ships collide and through off-
shore drilling and other marine resource
development. This pollution exerts harmful
effects on fish and birds, and the resultant "red
tides" cause problems for fisheries.

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Management of Environment

Transboundary movement of Hazardous Waste

Expanded human activity has brought with it an increase
in the volume of waste generated. The cost for handling
this waste has also skyrocketed. This has led
industrialized nations to take some of their waste,
including recyclable waste, to developing countries. But
this waste also contains toxic substances. When the
waste is not properly treated, it pollutes the rivers,
groundwater and soil of these economically developing
countries and becomes an international problem.

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Management of Environment

Desertification
Desertification (the changing of productive land into
barren land) occurs for various reasons: When regions
dry out because of a decrease in rainfall caused by
climatic changes; when land is over-cultivated,
overgrazed or too many trees are taken for firewood,
because of increasing populations in economically
developing countries; when land is not given enough
time to rest between plantings and becomes barren; and
other reasons.
Today, desertification effects about one-fourth of the
Earth's land surface and about one-sixth of its human
population (or 900 million people).

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Management of Environment

Environmental Pollution in developing countries

In economically developing countries, transportation

facilities, sewers, waste treatment facilities and other
parts of the basic infrastructure cannot keep pace with
the rapid increase in population and the tremendous
influx of people into cities. Also, anti-pollution measures
at factories and other places are often insufficient,
resulting in a deterioration of the general hygiene and a
worsening of air, water and other forms of pollution.

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 Multilateral Environmental
Agreements
Kyoto Protocol (1997)
Montreal Protocol (1987)
Basel Convention (1989)

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 Conferences / Summits
Stockholm Conference (1972)
Rio Summit (1992)
Johannesburg Summit (2002)
Rio + 20 (2012)

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Environmental legal framework
Ministry of Environment ,Forests and Climate Change
Environmental Laws
Interaction with International Agencies
Annual Reports

Central Pollution Control Board

Environmental Standards
Advisory
Information dissemination and Publications

State Pollution Control Boards

Implementation of Laws and Standards
Consents
Visits to Industries

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 Management of Environment
Environmental Legislation in India
The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974 (1988)
The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Cess Act, 1977(1992, 2003)
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1981 (1987)
The Environment Protection Act, 1986 (1991)

The Environment Protection Rules, 1986

(1998,99,2001,02,03,04,06, .)
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 Management of Environment
Coastal Regulation Zone (30 notifications)
Delegation of powers (16 notifications)
Eco-mark scheme (2 notifications)
Eco-sensitive Zone (10 notifications)
Environmental Clearance (1994, 2006)
Environmental Labs (1 amendment)

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 Management of Environment
Hazardous Substances Management
The batteries (Management and Handling)
Rules, 2001(2010)
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2000 (2016)
The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2011
(2016)

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 Management of Environment
The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning,
Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996
The Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import,
Export and Storage of Hazardous
microorganisms, genetically engineered
organisms or cells, 1989 (2006, 2010)
MSIHC Rules, 1989 (2000)

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 Management of Environment
The Hazardous Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1989 (2000, 2003, 2008,
2009, 2016)
The Bio-medical Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 1998 (2003, 2016)
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control), 2000
(2000, 2002)
ODS (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
The E-Waste Rules, 2011 (2016)

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 Management of Environment
PLI Act, 1991 (1993) and rules (and 5
notifications)
The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (1993, 2002)
The Indian Forest Act, 1927
The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 (1988)
The Biodiversity Act, 2002

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 Changes in Environmental
Management Practice
60s: Environmental awareness- Dilution as a
solution to pollution
70s: End of pipe approach
Early 80s: Pollution prevention
Mid 80s: EMS and Environmental audits
Early 90s: Cleaner production
1996: ISO 14001
2000 onwards: Other environmental management
tools

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Who Certifies?

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 Who Certifies?
Certifying bodies

DNV
TUV
ICS
BVI
IRQS
NVT Quality Certification
LRQA

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 ISO 14001 certification
Accreditation bodies
National Accreditation Board for Certification
Bodies

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 ISO 14001 certification
Audits before certification

Certification audit

Surveillance audits

Re-certification audits

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What is an EMS?

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 Environmental Management
System
Based on the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA Cycle)
Part of an organizations management system
used to develop and implement its environmental
policy and manage its environmental aspects
A management system is a set of interrelated
elements used to establish policy and objectives
and to achieve those objectives
A management system includes organizational
structure, planning activities, responsibilities,
practices, procedures, processes and resources

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 Critical factors

Success of an EMS depends on...

Top Management Commitment

Employee involvement at all levels

Integration into overall management function

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 Critical factors

Common barriers

Constraints of time and resources

Insufficient support from top management.

Uncertainty about the intent of ISO 14001.

Reservations about added documentation and

paperwork.

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 Who will do it?
Possibilities
A high-level environmental management group entrusted
with the full range of issues to be covered by the EMS

Each operating or functional division having its own

organization and system for the management of
environmental issues relevant to that division, working in
coordination

External consultant

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Environmental Management
System

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A P
Continual Policy
Improvement

Management
Review Planning
EMS
Elements

Checking
Implementation
and Operation

D
C

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Developing an Environmental
Policy

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 EMS and ISO 14001
Environmental Policy
Defined by top management

Nature, scale and environmental impacts

Commitment to continual improvement and

prevention of pollution

Commitment to comply with legal and other

requirements
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 EMS and ISO 14001
Environmental Policy (cont..)
Framework for objectives and targets

Documented, implemented, maintained and

communicated

Available to public

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 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF ASIAN
PAINTS (I) PLANTS
We consider compliance to statutory EHS requirements as the minimum
performance standard and are committed to go beyond and adopt stricter
standards wherever appropriate.
We shall focus on resource optimisation and waste minimisation. We believe
that these measures will help in sustainable development.
We are committed to Continual Improvement in the area of EHS.
We will give priority and attention to health & safety of employees.
We will impart training to all employees to institutionalise EHS values
throughout the company.
We will encourage sharing of information & communication of our EHS
management system with the stakeholders.
We will educate customers and the public on safe use of our products.

Ashwin Choksi
ChairmanMumbai
10th May 2004.
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Aspects & Impacts

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 Environmental
Continual Policy
Improvement

Management Planning
Review Environmental aspects
Legal and other
requirements
Objectives, targets
and programs

Checking and
Corrective Action Implementation
and Operation

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 Defining Environmental
aspects and impacts

An Environmental Aspect *...

an "element of an organization's
activities, products and services that
can interact with the environment
* as per standard

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 Defining Environmental
aspects and impacts
An Environmental Impact *...
...any change to the environment,
whether adverse or beneficial, wholly
or partially resulting from an
organization's activities, products and
services."
* as per standard
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 Properties of Environmental
Aspects and Impacts

Activity 1

Aspect 1 Aspect 2 Aspect 3 Aspects

Impact 1 Impacts
Impact 2

Aspects are neutral

Impacts may be negative or positive

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 EMS and ISO 14001

Planning Environmental Aspects

Identification of environmental aspects
Control and influence
New developments, activities, products,
services
Significant impacts
Significant impacts to be considered in setting
objectives
Up to date
Reckoned in establishing, implementing and
maintaining EMS
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 EMS and ISO 14001

Planning Legal and other requirements

Identification and access to legal and

other requirements
Determine how these requirements apply
to its environmental aspects
Reckoned in establishing, implementing
and maintaining EMS

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 EMS and ISO 14001

Planning Objectives, Targets and programs

Documented objectives and targets at relevant

levels and functions
Measurable where practicable
Consistent with the environmental policy
Consideration to
Legal and other requirements
Significant environmental aspects
Technological oCOREions
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 EMS and ISO 14001

Planning Objectives, Targets and programs (Cont..)

Financial, Operational and business requirements

Views of interested parties

Programs for achieving objectives and targets

Responsibility

Means and time frame

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 Costs and efforts Environmental
Management Approaches
High Cost, Strategic Advantage
Cost Design for Environment
and
Level Process and Equipment Change
of
Effort Input Material Changes
Resource Conservation

Recycle, Reuse and Recovery

Improved Operating Procedures
Housekeeping Low hanging fruit
Techniques
Low Cost, Easy to Implement

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 EMS and ISO 14001
Corporate Environmental Goals (3M): 2000-05 G R
Reduce volatile air emissions indexed to net sales
25 61%
%
Reduce U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic
Release Inventory Releases (TRI) indexed to net sales
50 64
Improve energy efficiency (energy use indexed to net
sales)
20 27
Reduce waste indexed to net sales
25 30
Double the number of Pollution Prevention Pays (3P)
projects from the previous five-year period from 194 to
400 1262
400 projects

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Environmental Performance:
Dr. Reddys

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