SKEMA BIO 4551/3

PPT T4 2017

Question 1/Soalan 1

A group of students carried out an experiment to study the process of substances movement
through the plasma membrane . Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of apparatus used in
this experiment.

Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses pergerakan
bahan merentasi membran plasma . Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan
dalam eksperimen itu.

Retort
stand

beaker
2

Diagram 1

Rajah 1
Steps for the experiment are as follows:
Langkah-langkah eksperimen adalah seperti berikut:

1. The visking tubing is soaked in water until soft. A knot is tied at one end of the visking
tubing.
Tiub visking direndam di dalam air sehingga lembut. Satu ikatan dibuat dihujung tiub
visking.

2. The visking tubing A is filled with 20 ml 20% sucrose solution using a pipette.
Tiub visking A diisi dengan 20ml 20% larutan sukrosa dengan menggunakan pipet.

3. The other end of the visking tubing is then fitted onto one end of the capillary tube
and tied with a piece of thread.
Satu lagi hujung tiub visking kemudiannya dikemaskan pada satu hujung tiub kapilari
dan diikat dengan menggunakan benang.

4. Immersed the visking tubing into a beaker of distilled water and clamped the the
capillary tube to a retort stand.
Rendamkan tiub visking ke dalam bikar yang mengandungi air suling dan kepitkan
tiub kapilari pada kaki retot
5. Mark initial level of the sucrose solution in the capillary tube
Tanda aras awal larutan sukrosa di dalam tiub kapilari.
 6. After 20 minutes, mark the final level of the sucrose solution in the capillary tube.
Selepas 20 minit, tanda aras akhir larutan sukrosa di dalam tiub kapilari.

7. Step 1 to 7 are repeated by using 5% sucrose solution, 10% sucrose solution and
15% sucrose solution.
Langkah 1 hingga 7 diulang dengan menggunakan larutan sukrosa 5%, larutan
sukrosa 10% dan larutan sukrosa 15%.

Table 1 shows the results of level of sucrose solution after the visking tubing is immersed in
the beaker for 20 minutes
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan aras larutan sukrosa selepas tiub visking direndam di
dalam bikar selama 20 minit.

Percentage of Initial level of sucrose solution in Final level of sucrose solution in

sucrose capillary tube capillary tube
solution(%)

9
20
6

6.3c 8.8c
m m

6 8

15

7
5

6.1cm 8.0cm

10 3 7

6
 5.8cm
7.4cm

5.3cm 6.3cm

1 (a) Record the final level of sucrose solution in the boxes provided in table 1
Rekod bacaan akhir aras larutan sukrosa di dalam kotak yang disediakan di dalam
jadual 1
[ 3 marks/markah]

1(b)(i) State two different observations made from Table 2.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 2.

Observation 1 / Pemerhatian 1:
The level of sucrose solution (in the capillary tube) for sucrose solution 20% is
8.8cm //
When sucrose solution 20% is used, the initial level of sucrose solution (in the
capillary tube) in 6.3cm and the final level of sucrose solution is 8.8cm

Table 1
Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2: Jadual 1
The level of sucrose solution (in the capillary tube) for sucrose solution 5% is
6.3cm //
When sucrose solution 5% is used, the initial level of sucrose solution (in the
capillary tube) in 5.3cm and the final level of sucrose solution is 6.3cm
[3 marks/ markah]

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1(b)(i).

Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(b)(i).

Inference from observation 1 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

High concentration of sucrose solution/sucrose solution is hipertonic, more
water molecules diffuse into the visking tubing/diffusion rate of water molecule
increase.
 Inference from observation 2 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:
Low concentration of sucrose solution/sucrose solution is less hypertonic,
less water molecules diffuse into the visking tubing/diffusion rate of water
molecule decrease [3 marks/markah]

(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable Particular to be implemented

Manipulated variable
Concentration of sucrose
solution
Responding variable
Final level of sucrose
solution in the capillary tube
// the diffusion rate of water
molecules
Constant variable
Volume of sucrose solution
in visking tubing // time
immersed
Used different concentration of sucrose solution // used
concentration of sucrose solution such as 20%, 15%,
10% and 5%
Record the final level of sucrose solution in the
capillary tube by using a ruler // calculate and record
the diffusion rate of water molecules by using formula:
= Increasing of sucrose solution(cm)
Time (min)
Used the same volume of sucrose solution in the
visking tubing which is 20ml // used the same
immersed time for each visking tubing at 20 minutes

Table 2
Jadual 2
[3 marks/ markah]

(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the higher the final level of
sucrose solution in the capillary tube/the higher the rate of water diffusion

[3 marks/markah]

(f) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini.

Your table should have the following titles:

Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

Concentration of sucrose solution

Kepekatan larutan sukrosa
Level of sucrose solution
Aras larutan sukrosa
Increasing level of sucrose solution
Peningkatan aras larutan sukrosa
The diffusion rate of water molecules
 Kadar resapan molekul air

Concentration Level of sucrose Increasing The diffusion rate

of sucrose solution (cm) in sucrose of water
solution (%) solution molecule(cmmin)
Initial Final
level (cm)

20 6.3 8.8 2.5 0.13

15 6.1 8.0 2.0 0.10

10 5.8 7.4 1.6 0.08

5 5.3 6.3 1.0 0.05

[3 marks/markah]

(f)(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 9 to answer this part of the question.
Using the data in 1(f)(i), draw the graph of the final level of sucrose solution against
the concentration of sucrose solution.

Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan di halaman 9 untuk menjawab ceraian soalan
ini. Menggunakan data di 1(f)(i), lukis graf aras akhir larutan sukrosa melawan
kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
[3 marks/markah]

(e) Based on the graph in 1(f)(ii), state the relationship between the diffusion rate of water
molecule with the concentration of sucrose solution.
Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf di 1(f)(ii), nyatakan hubungan kadar resapan molekul air dengan
kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

R The higher the concentration of sucrose solution, the higher the diffusion
rate
of water molecule
E1 because the sucrose solution is the most hypertonic
E2 causes more water molecules (from the beaker) diffuse into visking tubing
[3 marks/markah]

(h) This experiment is repeated by changing the content inside the visking tubing and in
the beaker. About 20ml of 20% sucrose solution is pour into the beaker and 5%
sucrose solution is filled into the visking tubing.
Predict the outcome of this experiment
Explain your aanswer.
Eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menukarkan kandungan di dalam tiub visking dan
di dalam bikar. Sebanyak 20ml larutan sukrosa 20% dituangkan ke dalam bikar
dan larutan sukrosa 5% diisi ke dalam tiub visking.
Ramalkan pemerhatian yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen ini.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

P the level of sucrose solution inside the capillary tube decreases less than
6.3cm
 E1 - because more water molecules diffuse out from the visking tubing into the
beaker
E2 - due to the different concentration gradient//concentration of sucrose solution
in the beaker is hypertonic to (the concentration of sucrose solution in) the
visking tubing
[3 marks/markah]

(i) Based on the result from this experiment, what can be deduced about osmosis?
Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat dirumuskan
tentang osmosis?
E1 a process movement of water molecule through the visking tubing
E2 can be determined by the increasing level of sucrose solution in the
capillary tube
E3 it is affected by the different concentration of sucrose solution

[3 marks/markah]

(j) In Table 4, list all the materials and apparatus labeled in Diagram 1.
Dalam Jadual 4, senaraikan semua bahan dan radas yang berlabel dalam Rajah 1

Material Apparatus
Distilled water Retord stand
Visking tubing Beaker
Sucrose solution Capillary tube
Table 3/ Jadual 3

Question 2/Soalan 2
Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions but remain
unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes are sensitive to pH values. The rate of
enzyme reaction in an enzyme-catalysed reaction is efficient at optimum pH values.
Enzim adalah pemangkin biologi yang mempercepatkan tindakbalas biokimia tetapi tidak
berubah di akhir eksperimen. Enzim adalah sensitif kepada nilai-nilai pH. Kadar
tindakbalas enzim di dalam tindakbalas pemangkin-enzim adalah cekap pada nilai pH
yang optimum.

Design a laboratory experiment to study the effect of pH values on the rate of Pepsin
reaction.
Rekabentuk satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengkaji kesan nilai pH ke atas kadar
tindakbalas Pepsin .

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement
Pernyataan Masalah

1. Does the pH values affect the rate of Pepsin reaction / time taken for the hydrolysis
of albumen suspension?
2. How does pH values affect the rate of Pepsin reaction / time taken for the hydrolysis
of albumen suspension?
3. What is the effect of pH values on the rate of Pepsin reaction / time taken for the
hydrolysis of albumen suspension?/ cloudiness of mixture turns clear?

Hypothesis
Hipotesis

The lower the pH value / pH is 2, the higher the rate of Pepsin reaction/ time taken
for the hydrolysis of albumen suspension / cloudiness of mixture turns clear

Variables
Pembolehubah

Manipulated variable = pH values

Responding variable = rate of Pepsin reaction / time taken for hydrolysis process
of albumen suspension/ cloudiness turns clear
Constant variable = type of plant / concentration of pepsin / volume of albumen
suspension / temperature.

List of apparatus and materials

Senarai radas dan bahan
Pepsin solution, Albumen suspension, Distilled water, Hydrochloric acid Sodium
Hydroxide solution /Alkaline solution, Stop watch, Water bath / beaker with water ,
tripod stand and wire gauze, Thermometer, Test tube, Measuring cylinder/ syringe,
Droppers / syringes, pH paper, Wire gauze, Bunsen burner and tripod stand, Test
tube rack.
Experimental procedure
 Prosedur eksperimen

1. 200 ml of egg white is mixed with 500ml of distilled water to prepare an

albumen suspension (K1a/K2)
2. The albumen suspension were boiled, stirred and leave to cool. (K1b)
3. Three test tubes were labelled as P, Q and R (K1c)
4. 5 ml of albumen suspension were placed into each test tube using
a syringe. (K1d /K2)
5. Then the following solutions were added into each test tube as follows:

Test tube pH Mixture of solution

P 2=acidic 1ml of 0.1M hydrochloric acid + 1ml of 1 % pepsin solution

Q 7=neutral 1ml of distilled water + 1ml of 1% pepsin solution

R 9= alkaline 1ml of 0.1M sodium hydroxide + 1ml of 1% pepsin solution

(K4 / K2)

6. pH paper were dip into each test tube and the pH values were
recorded. (K1e)
7. All the test tubes were immersed in a water bath with a temperature
of 370C for 20 minutes. (K5)
8. Observe and record the time taken for the cloudiness of mixture to turns
clear by using a stop watch (K3).
9. Results of experiment were recorded in a table. (K3)

Presentation of Data
Persembahan Data

Test pH values Time taken for the hydrolysis of albumen suspension /

tube mixture turns colourless / (minutes)

P 2
Q 7
R 9