PROTECTING AND

SAVING FORESTS
AROUND THE WORLD
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COURSE: ENGLISH

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 INDEX

INTRODUCTION 1
II.QU ARE FORESTS? 2
WOODLAND III.TIPOS
IV.FUNCIONES ENVIRONMENTAL FOREST 3
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I. INTRODUCTION
Forests are essential ecosystems for life. They are the habitat of many living
things, regulate water, conserve soil and atmosphere and provide many
useful products.
Life has maintained a close relationship with the forest. Many cultures have
relied on products obtained from the forest: wood for use as fuel or
construction, must first charcoal iron industry, hunting, resins, fruits,
medicines, etc. But at the same time produce more food demanded clearing
forests to turn them into farmland and many times it was considered that
the forests were a source of diseases, refuge for bandits and hindered the
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defense, so large areas were cleared around cities . Also shipbuilding and
the first ironworks involved the destruction of many trees.
It is estimated that about 10 000 years ago, when he finished the last cold
period, forests occupied between 80 and 90% of the land area, but since
then deforestation has been increasing and today forests cover between
25% and 35% of the earth's surface, whichever is the criterion that
determines what is forest and what is not. For two centuries have emerged
conservationists to protect forests and other natural ecosystems and today
makes its way to force a new attitude of defense and rational use of this
natural value movements.

II. WHAT ARE THE FORESTS?

It is called all those forest tracts of land are covered by a dense layer of
trees, shrubs and other plants that grow naturally in certain areas of the
planet.
The forest is a complex ecosystem of plants, animals, fungi, protists and
prokaryotes or moneras, from different species that interact in a particular
medium born, grow, feed each other, die and decompose.
explores some of the interrelationships present between the various bodies
within the forest and biotic and abiotic elements of forest ecosystems,
focusing on aspects such as the ratio of forest climate (incidence climate in
tree growth and the critical role they perform forests in climate regulation),
soil functions while substrate on which plant life, or the network of
relationships in which some organisms need other develops, forming chain
ecologists call the food web.

III. Forest types

On Earth are different types of forests as latitudes and altitudes. Coniferous
forests such as the taiga, rainforests or forests of deciduous trees such as
the temperate zone. Some woods are closed because the treetops are
gaskets with other, forming a cover or almost continuous canopy; while
others are open forests, when there are gaps between tree and tree.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FORESTS
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We must also distinguish between primary or old-growth forests where there
has been human activity, secondary forests that have undergone significant
changes or human performance exist. Almost all forests of central and
southern Europe are secondary, because the man has been working on
them for centuries, while primary forests can be found in the countries of
northern Europe, in parts of North America and the tropical countries.

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS OF FORESTS

Forests have important ecological functions, among which are:
Water regulation.- The forests retain rainwater. So easy to infiltrate
into the subsoil and aquifer recharge. Also reduce erosion by reducing
the speed of the water and holding the soil, and lower the risk of
flooding, therefore water retention making as to prevent silting
increasing the volume of flood water and make them more
dangerous.

Influence on Climate.-In continental areas more than 50% of air

moisture is caused by the water pumped by the roots and
transpiration from leaves of the vegetation. When forests or forests
are cleared large areas of the climate becomes drier.

Absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.- In the

process of photosynthesis the trees, like all plants take CO2 from the
atmosphere and return O2. At present this function is of special
interest because it works to curb the negative effects of excess CO2
emissions of human origin that are causing the greenhouse effect. It
is often said that forests are sinks of carbon dioxide or also the
"lungs" of the Earth, for the role they play in the carbon cycle.

Reservations large number of especies.- Natural forests offer

many different habitats so that they can find a variety of species of all
kinds of living beings. Why are said to be the main reservoirs of
biodiversity, especially the rainforest and, as we shall see, has much
interest from many different points of view, maintain maximum
biodiversity on our planet.

action depuradora.-Different air pollutants and water are retained

and filtered by living forest. And considering as noise pollution and
agitation we generate in our civilization, they are also a source of
peace for the human spirit and resting place for many people.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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http://www4.tecnun.es/asignaturas/Ecologia/Hipertexto/12EcosPel/110Bosqu
e.htm#POBLACION
http://www.ejemplode.com/36-biologia/3544-
caracteristicas_del_bosque.html