NY STATEWIDE CONFERENCE ON

LOCAL BRIDGES 2012

AcceleratedBridgeConstruction
ABC

Bala Sivakumar
HNTBCorp.
NewYork
 ABCTrainingOutline
2:30hrs
1 Introduction
1. Introd ction to ABC (30 min)

2. SHRP2 Project
j R04 -- ABC Toolkit ((70 min))

3. ABC Pilot Projects (50 min)

Prefabricated bridge system (Iowa)

Lateral slide (NY)

 S
Session
i 1

Introduction to ABC
 WhatisAcceleratedBridge
Construction(ABC)?

ABC is bridge
g construction that uses design g
and construction methods to reduce the
onsite construction time and mobility impacts
that occur when building new bridges or
replacing and rehabilitating existing bridges.
 ABC for Emergency
Replacement

I-10 spans on Lake Pontchartrain

after katrina

ABC for Planned

Replacement
ConventionalBridgeConstruction

Cast-in-place construction
is field labor intensive
Sequential construction
Time consuming on-site
activities
Needs to allow time for
concrete curing
Weather dependent
 WhyFaster?
F
For most off the
h past century, construction
i h has
involved building roadways and bridges with new
alignments.
alignments

Today,
oday, very
e y little
tt e new
e roadway
oad ay syste
systems
saare
e be
being
g
constructed.

Todays projects impact the traveling public

tremendously.

ABC methods provide the ability lessen the

duration of bridge construction from the critical
path.
 TimeMetricsforABC
Onsite construction time: The period of time for
completing all construction-related activity.

Mobility impact time: Any period of time the traffic flow is

reduced due to onsite construction activities.
Tier 1: Traffic Impacts within 1 to 24 hours
Tier 2: Traffic Impacts within 3 days
Tier 3: Traffic Impacts within 2 weeks
Tier 4: Traffic Impacts within 3 months
Tier 5: Overall project schedule is significantly
reduced byy months to years
y
 ABCAdvantages
Reducesdisruptiontotraffic/avoidscongestion
Safer;Reducesexposureofworkersandpublictoconstruction
activities
Betterqualitycontrolofprecastelements
ReducedEnvironmentalimpacts
Reduced Environmental impacts
 SHRP2ProjectR04
PROJECTGOAL
2008 2013
2008

To d
T develop
l standardized
d di d approaches
h
to designing,
g g, constructing,
g, and reusing
g
complete bridge systems that address
rapid renewal needs
SHRP2 Vision/Goal for ABC

Standardize Make Accelerated

f
Prefabricated g
Bridge
Bridge Elements Construction
and Systems Standard Practice
 SHRP2 Project R04

INNOVATIVEBRIDGEDESIGNSFOR
RAPIDRENEWAL

HNTB (Prime)
Iowa State University
Structural Engineering Assoc.
Genesis Structures

Dr Monica Starnes, Senior Program Officer SHRP2

 SHRP2ProjectR04
Phase I Define ABC Challenges

Owner & Contractor surveys / focus groups

Phase II Identify & Refine the Best ABC Technologies

Phases III & IV Standardize & Deploy ABC

ABC Toolkit

ABC Pilot Projects

Phase V Beta testing of ABC Toolkit by VAOT

 ABC ELEMENTS & METHODS

AcceleratedBridge
Accelerated Bridge
Construction(ABC)

Prefabricated Structure
Prefabricated Accelerated
Modular Placement
Elements GeotechWork
Systems Methods

SHRP2 R04 -- Phases I, II, III Phase IV (2011-

((2008 2011)) 2013))
 Definition of PBES
DefinitionofPBES
PBESarestructuralcomponentsofabridge
PBES are structural components of a bridge
thatarebuiltoffsite,oradjacenttothe
alignment and includes features that reduce
alignment,andincludesfeaturesthatreduce
theonsiteconstruction timeandmobility
impact time thatoccursfromconventional
impacttime that occurs from conventional
construction methods.
 What are Prefabricated Elements
WhatarePrefabricatedElements
Element:
Element:Singlestructuralcomponentofa
Single structural component of a
bridge:
DeckElement
Deck Element
BeamElement
Pierelement
Pier element
AbutmentandWallElement

Goal is to move construction activities related to

casting of concrete off-line to avoid traffic
disruptions
FullDepthPrecastDeckPanels
SegmentalColumns
 AcceleratedConstructionof
BridgesUsingPBES
MassDOT I93FAST14Project interiormodule
 What are Prefabricated Systems
WhatarePrefabricatedSystems
System:
Superstructure
Substructure
TotalBridge

Totalbridgeorsuperstructuresystemcanbe
fabricated off site and moved with SPMTs or
fabricatedoffsiteandmovedwithSPMTs,or,
Fabricatedadjacenttoexistingbridgeandmovedby
by skidding
Elements vs Systems
Elementsvs
 BRIDGEMOVEMENTTECHNOLOGIES
Theconceptofbuildingtheentirebridge
superstructures(whereROWisavailable)andthen
( h ROW i il bl ) d h
movingthemintoplaceinafewhoursisapowerfulABC
method to minimize traffic disruption
methodtominimizetrafficdisruption.

Bridge
Bridgemovementtechnologies
movement technologies
Selfpropelledmodulartransporters(SPMT)
Skidding/LateralSliding
Skiddi / L t l Slidi
LongitudinalLaunching
Floatin
l i
Self Propelled Modular Transporter
SelfPropelledModularTransporter
WhatisanSPMT?
What is an SPMT?
llargemultiaxleplatform
lti l l tf
computeroperated
pivots360degrees
i 360 d
lifts,carries,setslarge/heavyloads
movesatwalkingspeed

BridgeMoveswithSPMTs
SPMTManuals
Float In
FloatIn
 NewYorkCity: LateralSlide
Jamaica&HillsideAve.overVanWyckExpwy
NewBridgewithTraffic
g
I80BridgeMoveUsingJacks
 GreenBayWisconsin
Lateral Slide by Pulling with a Crane
LateralSlidebyPullingwithaCrane
Lateral Slide
Four strand jacks
 LongitudinalLaunching

SuperstructurewasdeliveredtothesiteonaSPMTand
transferred onto a launching frame for longitudinal
transferredontoalaunchingframeforlongitudinal
launching(UtahDOT)
 IncrementalLaunching
The Incremental Launching Method (ILM) involves
assemblyy of the bridge
g superstructure on one side of
an obstacle to be crossed, and then launching of the
superstructure longitudinally into its final position.

The ILM can be used to construct a bridge over:

Deep valleys
Deep water crossings
Environmentallyy p
protected areas

Over 1000 bridges worldwide have been

constructed by this method mostly in Europe
LaunchingofUS48/WV55bridgeoverClifford
Hollow Moorefield West Virginia
Hollow,Moorefield,WestVirginia
IncrementalLaunchingofUS20Bridge
overtheIowaRiver,IA.
Incremental Launching of
S
Segmental
t l Slab
Sl b System
S t

Incrementallylaunchedconcrete
slabbridge
Launchedoverelectrifiedrail
lineswith340trainsperDAY.No
speed restrictions
speedrestrictions
Allworkperformedatground
withsmallcrews/equipment
 AcceleratedGeotech Methods

Example: Geofoam Embankment

 Rapid Demolition
RapidDemolition
Becausethedemolitionoperationsmayrequire
roadway closures completing the demolition quickly
roadwayclosures,completingthedemolitionquickly
isascriticalasthereplacementoperations.
R
Rapiddemolitioncanbedoneusingconventional
id d liti b d i ti l
equipmentorspecializedequipment

RapidDemolitionUsing
Coventional equipment
RapidDemolitionUsingSPMTs
p g
4500 South over I-215 (2007) Utah
Existing bridge spans removed using SPMT and demolished offsite
Early Example of ABC!
EarlyExampleofABC!
QUESTIONS ?
QUESTIONS?
NY STATEWIDE CONFERENCE ON
LOCAL BRIDGES 2012

AcceleratedBridgeConstruction
ABC

Bala Sivakumar
HNTBCorp.
NewYork
 Session 2
ABCToolkitforDesignersfromSHRP2
lki f i f
IIntroductiontoABCToolkit
t d ti t ABC T lkit
ABCConceptualPlans
ABC C
ABCConceptualErectionConcepts
lE i C
UsingtheABCToolkit
ABCDesignSamplecalculations
RecommendedABCSpecifications
 ABCToolkit
SHRP2ABCToolKitwasdevelopedforprefabricated
elements and systems
elementsandsystems
WillbringaboutgreaterfamiliarityaboutABC
t h l i
technologiesandconceptsandalsofostermore
d t d l f t
widespreaduseofprefabricatedelements
Makebestuseofprogramdollarsbystandardizing
designthroughdevelopmentofpreengineered
systems
 SHRP2R04ABCToolkit
1 ABCSTANDARDDESIGNCONCEPTS

2 ABCERECTIONCONCEPTS

3 ABCDESIGNEXAMPLES

4 ABC DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS (LRFD)

ABCDESIGNSPECIFICATIONS(LRFD)

5 ABC CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

ABCCONSTRUCTIONSPECIFICATIONS

Expected
p Outcome: The designer,
g ,g
guided byy the sample
p drawings,g ,
details and the set of ABC design examples will be able to easily
complete an ABC design for a routine bridge replacement project.
 ABCToolkit
ABCCONCEPTS ABCDESIGN ABCDESIGN ABCCONSTR.
(Design+Erection)
(D i E ti ) EXAMPLES SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

DeckedSteel DeckedSteel Recommended Construction

Stringer Stringer enhancements
enhancements specsforABC
specs for ABC
Deckedprecast Decked toLRFDto modularsystems
girder supportABC
precastgirder
Completeprecast
pier Complete
Precastabutment precastpier
andwingwalls
Precastapproach
slabs
ErectionConcepts
ABC Design Concepts
ABCDesignConcepts
 ABC Design Concepts
ABCDesignConcepts
GOALS:
Focusonworkhorsebridges
Completebridgesusingprefabricatedelements
Complete bridges using prefabricated elements
andmodularsystems
Simpletofabricateonsiteorinaplantandeasy
Simple to fabricate onsite or in a plant and easy
toerectusingconventionalequipment
Fastassemblyinthefieldin1to2weeks
F bl i h fi ld i 1 2 k
Durableconnections
 StandardizingABCConcepts
g p
Standardizedprefabricatedelementsincreasetheir
availability thereby reducing costs and lead times
availabilitytherebyreducingcostsandleadtimes.
StandardizingmakestheseABCsystemmorefamiliar
t
toengineersandcontractors,whichwillreduce
i d t t hi h ill d
complexityandthelevelofrisk.
Byincreasedusageandrepeatability,theeconomiesof
scaleovertimewillresultinreducedcosts.
RepeateduseofastandardizedABCconceptalso
allowscontinuousimprovement.
 DesignConsiderationsfor
PrefabricatedElements
Detailstoeliminatedeckjoints.
PrefabricatedElementsthatdonotrequirepost
tensioningforassembly
PrefabricatedElementswithintegralwearingsurfaceso
thatanoverlayisconsideredoptional.
PrefabricatedElementsthatcanbeusedinsimplespans
andincontinuousspans(simpleforDLandcontinuous
forLL).
 Conceptual ABC Drawings
ConceptualABCDrawings
DECKEDSTEELGIRDERS
DECKED STEEL GIRDERS
DeckedSteelGirderInteriorModule
DeckedSteelGirderExteriorModule
Decked Steel Girder Exterior Module
BearingandConnectionDetails
DECKEDCONCRETEGIRDERS
DECKED CONCRETE GIRDERS
Prestressed DeckBulbTeeInteriorModule
Prestressed DeckBulbTeeExteriorModule
Prestressed DoubleTeemodule
BearingandConnectionDetails
 Conceptual ABC Drawings
ConceptualABCDrawings
ABUTMENTS & WINGWALS
ABUTMENTS&WINGWALS
SemiIntegralAbutments
IntegralAbutments
Integral Abutments
Wingwalls
PileFoundationsandSpreadFootings
Pil F d ti dS d F ti
PIERS
PrecastConventionalPier
PrecastStraddleBent
DrilledShaftandSpreadFootingOption
 OutlineofABCDrawings
g
StandardSheetSets Contents
G1 G3
G1 General Information Sheets
GeneralInformationSheets
A1 A12 PrecastAbutments,Wingwalls,&
ApproachSlabs
P1 P9 PrecastCompletePierSystems
S1 S8 DeckedSteelGirderSuperstructures
C1 C12
C1 DeckedConcreteGirder
Decked Concrete Girder
Superstructures
CC1 CC32 ABCErectionConcepts
 Span Ranges for Superstructures
SpanRangesforSuperstructures
Simple/continuousspansfrom40ftto130ft.
SimpleforDL;ContinuousforLL;NoOpenJoints
Plansaregroupedinthefollowingspanranges:
40ftto70ft
70ftto100ft
100ftto130ft.
Spansto130ft canusuallybetransportedanderectedinone
pieceatmanysites.
Weight<200Kipsforerectionusingconventionalcranes
commonlyusedbycontractors
l db t t
Simplified Geometry for ABC
SimplifiedGeometryforABC

constantornoskew

noflares/nocurves

nosuperelevation transitions

Geometricissuesbetterhandledonroadway
PrefabricatedDeckedBeam
Elements
Deck Bulb
Tees

Double
Tees

Composite
Steel
System
 PredeckedModularSteelBeams
Deckedsteelgirders
TTraditionalgirder
diti l id
Subdeckorpartial
decktopflange
p g
Analogoustoabulb
tee
Predecked
Pre deckedModularSteelBeams
Modular Steel Beams

Notproprietary
Contractorcanselfperform
precasting ofdeckonsite
LightweightsystemforABC
Lightweight system for ABC
PredeckedModularSteelBeams

Barrier
B i can b be precastt
Barrier load on exterior module
 PrecastDeckedGirders

Deck
D kB Bulb Tee
lb T
Span lengths from 40 ft to 130 ft
UT, WA, ID among states with DBT
standards

Based on the PCI NEXT

beam
Spans to 90 ft
Low depth alternative

Adjacent Double Tee

 Geometry Control for ABC
GeometryControlforABC
Construction
Constructiongeometrycontrolfordifferential
geometry control for differential
camber,skewness,andcrossslopearekeyto
ensuringproperfitupofprefabricatedelementsand
systems.
Differencesincamberbetweenadjacentmodules
shouldnotexceed1/4inchatthetimeoferection.
Otherwiseequalizingofcamberstobeused.
Skewscausespecialproblemswithdeckedgirders
k l bl hd k d d
 IntegralandSemiIntegralBridges
f
forRapidRenewal
id l
WellsuitedforABC
Well suited for ABC
Theyallowthejointstobemovedbeyondthebridge
Closetolerancesrequiredwhenutilizingexpansion
bearingsandjointsareeliminated
Thebackwall isprecastwiththedeck.
Fasterectionin1to2days,economical
y
SemiIntegralAbutment
SuspendedBackwall

H piles or spread footings

Fill pile pockets with SCC
Easy fit-up in the field
IntegralAbutment

Only
O l one row off vertical
ti l piles
il
Precast backwall - dowelled
Fast construction
 Precast Approach Slabs
PrecastApproachSlabs
Thisprecastapproachpavementconsistedof
doublyreinforcedconcretepanels
Approachslabsupportedonprecastreinforced
Approach slab supported on precast reinforced
concretesleeperslab.
Expansionjointmaybeatbackwall
Expansion joint may be at backwall orat
or at
sleeperslab
Approachslablongitudinaljointsfilledwith
A h l bl it di l j i t fill d ith
UHPC
Floodedbackfillplacedin1ft layers
PrecastApproachSlab
Precast Sleeper
Slab

Flooded backfill
Flowable fill under slab
Exp joint can be moved to
sleeper
p slab
 PrecastPiers
Nonprestressed so
contractorcanself
perform precasting
performprecasting
Fasterectionusing
groutedsplice
couplers
l

Conventional Pier

Deepfoundation
may be outside
maybeoutside
Straddle Bent existingfootprint
 ConnectionsforABC
UltraHighPerformanceConcrete(UHPC)
longitudinal&transversejointsbetween
superstructuremodules
Groutedsplicecouplersinpiersreplacethetypical
G d li l i i l h i l
lapsplice
SelfConsolidatingConcrete(SCC)pileconnections
S lf C lid ti C t (SCC) il ti
andabutmenttowingwall connections

Groutedcappockets/groutedductsfor
substructure connections (seismic)
substructureconnections(seismic)
Otherrapidsetconcreteoptionsmaybeused
 ABC Erection Concepts
ABCErectionConcepts
Erection Concept Drawings
ErectionConceptDrawings

1. Erectionusingconventionalcranes.
i i i l
2. Erection
ErectionusingABCconstructiontechnologies
using ABC construction technologies
adaptedfromlongspanconstruction
 SelectionofErectionTechnology
Thecontractoristypicallyresponsibleforthe
development of the erection plans and calculations
developmentoftheerectionplansandcalculations.
Erectionplanshouldconsideravailablerightofway,
underground and overhead utilities capacity of soils
undergroundandoverheadutilities,capacityofsoils
Thebridgedesignercaninfluencetheerection
technique and potentially bridge erection costs by
techniqueandpotentiallybridgeerectioncostsby
consideringthelikelyerectionmethodsduringthe
design
 ABC Erection Concepts
ABCErectionConcepts
Theerectionconceptspresentedinthedrawingsare
intended to assist the designer / contractor in
intendedtoassistthedesigner/contractorin
selectingsuitableerectionequipment.

Bridgesaregroupedinto:
Shortspansupto70ft;
Short spans up to 70 ft;
Moduleweight<90,000lbs
Longerspansfrom70ft
g p to130ft;;
Moduleweight<250,000lbs

 ErectionUsingConventionalCranes
Conventionalcranesarepartofmostcontractorsfield
resources
Liftsupto150kipsupto100ft pickradiusarepossible
withhighcapacityconventionalcranes.
ith hi h it ti l
Designershouldinvestigateavailablesetuplocations
forcranesandaccessfordeliverytrucksatthesite.
Largerweightswillrequiretheuseofmultiplecranes.
g g q p
Erectioncanbedoneusinglandbasedcranesor
cranes supported on barges / causeway
cranessupportedonbarges/causeway.
ErectionConceptsforBridge
Replacement Using Cranes
ReplacementUsingCranes

WeightofModule
der
Consid
PickRadius
orstoC

CraneSetUpLocations

GroundAccess/Barge/
Ground Access / Barge /
Facto

Causeway/WorkTrestle

TruckAccessforDelivery
ErectionConceptsforBridge
Replacement Using Cranes
ReplacementUsingCranes

Short Single Span over Stream

Cranes selected for 90 Kip pick

Longer Span over Roadway

W i ht up to
Weight t 200 kips
ki
Crane Placement for Erection
CranePlacementforErection
 ErectionwithABCConstruction
Technologies
U
UseABCconstructiontechnologieswhereground
ABC t ti t h l i h d
accessforcranesbelowthebridgemaybelimited.
ABCtechnologiesthatallowconstructionfrom
above:
AboveDeckDrivenCarriers
LaunchedTemporaryBridge(LTB)
TransverseGantryFrames
LongitudinalGantryFrames
g y
 AboveDeckDrivenCarriers
Commonformofcarrieristheoverheadgantry
Carrierridesoveranexistingbridgestructures
andthendeliverscomponents
Allowsfasterrateoferection
AboveDeckDrivenCarriers

Ideal for bridges with

many spans. long
viaducts
 Launched Temporary Bridge
LaunchedTemporaryBridge
LTTBs
LTTB sarelaunchedacrossorliftedoveraspantoact
are launched across or lifted over a span to act
asatemporarybridge
Usedtodelivertheheaviermoduleswithout
inducinglargeerectionstresses.
p y g g p
Increasesthepossibilityoferectinglongerspans
LTTBexamplewouldbeasetofstandardized
lightweightsteeltrussesthatwouldbeassembledto
aspecificlengththatsuitesagivenproject.
 LaunchedTemporaryBridge
p y g
Siteswithlimitedgroundaccessorlongspans
Launchedacrossorliftedoveraspantoactasa
Launched across or lifted over a span to act as a temporary
temporary
bridge
Usedtodelivertheheaviermoduleswithoutinducinglarge
erectionstresses.
Tempbridgecanalsosupporttransversegantryframes
 Erection Using Gantry Cranes
ErectionUsingGantryCranes
TransverseGantryCranes
Transverse Gantry Cranes
Canaccessallportionsofabridge
Canspanovertraffic

LongitudinalGantryFrame
Commoninsegmentalconstruction
CanbecombinedwithSPMTfordeckreplacement
Canbeusedtoinstalledpiles,drilledshaftsfromabove
ErectionUsingTransverseGantry
Cranes
Longitudinal Gantry Frame
LongitudinalGantryFrame
 Using the ABC Toolkit
UsingtheABCToolkit
ReviewtheABCStandardPlansandDesignExamples
g p
GeneralInformationSheetsIntroducetheintentandscopeof
theABCstandardplansanddetails includesinstructionsto
designerssothatallthekeyABCissuesareaddressed
EngineerofRecord(EOR)shouldperformownABCdesign
calculationsforthesiteusingtheexamplesasaguide
l l ti f th it i th l id
EORtocustomizethestandardplansforthesite span
lengths / bridge width / element size / skew / foundations /
lengths/bridgewidth/elementsize/skew/foundations/
etc
p p (p )
AdaptABCSpecialProvisions(specifications)forconstruction
 General Information Sheet
GeneralInformationSheet
Thegeneralinformationsheetsintroducetheintent
and scope of the ABC standard plans
andscopeoftheABCstandardplans.
LiftingandHandlingStresses:
ShopDrawingsandAssemblyPlan
Sh D i dA bl Pl
FabricationTolerances
SiteCastingRequirements
GeometryControl
MechanicalGroutedSplices
GeneralProcedureforInstallationofModules
Sample Drawings from ABC Toolkit
SampleDrawingsfromABCToolkit
Shows
Showstypicallevelofdetail
typical level of detail
PlansheetscontainABCspecificdetailsfor
routine bridges
routinebridges
GuidesthedesignernewtoABCon
appropriatemoduleconfigurationsand
i d l fi i d
connections
Guidanceonerection
ABC Design Specifications for LRFD
ABCDesignSpecificationsforLRFD
The
TheLRFDDesignSpecificationsdonotexplicitlydeal
LRFD Design Specifications do not explicitly deal
withtheuniqueaspectsoflargescaleprefabrication
Insomecases,themostextremeloadcasemayoccur
, y
duringfabricationorshippingandhandling.
TheworkinSHRP2R04entailedtheidentificationof
anyshortcomingsinthecurrentLRFDBridgeDesign
Specifications
Recommendationsareprovidedforaddressingthese
limitations.
 LRFD for ABC Design
LRFDforABCDesign
ThedesignofmostABCelementsandsystems
followstraditionalLRFDdesignspecifications.
DesigntheABCelementsandthecompleted
g p
structureusingallapplicableLRFDLimitStates
Additional
AdditionalrequirementsapplyforABCconnections,
requirements apply for ABC connections
liftingandmoving ofprefabricatedelementsand
modules.
 SHRP2ProposedLRFDSpecsfor
ABC
Prepare
PrepareLRFDformatteddesignand
LRFD formatted design and
constructionspecificationsbasedonresearch
AddressimpedimentsinLRFDSpecstoABC
Address impediments in LRFD Specs to ABC
implementation:
LoadsandLoadcombinations
Loads and Load combinations
Constructionloadcases,Erectionstresses
Design of connections
Designofconnections
Designresponsibility EOR/Contractorsengineer
Prefabricationtolerances,quality,rideability
Assemblyplans
 Loads for ABC Design
LoadsforABCDesign
ConstructionLoadsUniquetoABC
Construction Loads Unique to ABC
Loadsassociatedwithsupportconditionsduringfabrication
thatmaybedifferentthanthepermanentsupports
Loadsassociatedwithmemberorientationduring
prefabrication
Loadsassociatedwithsuggestedliftpoints,
Loadassociatedwithimpactconsiderationsforshipping
andhandlingofcomponents,
d h dli f t
Loadsassociatedwithcamberleveling,etc.
 ABC Specific Construction Loads
ABCSpecificConstructionLoads
DynamicDeadLoadAllowanceAn
iincreaseintheselfweightofcomponents
i th lf i ht f t
toaccountforinertialeffectsduring
handlingandtransportation

CamberLeveling
g ForceAvertically
y
appliedforceusedtoequalizedifferential
camberpriortoestablishingconnectivity
between the elements
betweentheelements.
 Constructibility ChecksforABC
Design
Constructibility Checks
Evaluationofliftinganderectionstresses.
Whatarethelimitingstresses/deflections/
distortionduringtransportationanderection
Bracingrequirementsduringtransportationand
erection
 Limit States for ABC Design
LimitStatesforABCDesign
LimitStatesandLoadFactors
Limit States and Load Factors duringConstruction
during Construction
MandatoryStrengthlimitstates suchasSTRENGTHI.
WhatistheappropriateloadfactorforSTRENGTHIloads?
What is the appropriate load factor for STRENGTH I loads?
Limitstateforcheckingofconstructionvehicles.
Check
Checkofcriticalstabilityorserviceabilityeffectsasthe
of critical stability or serviceability effects as the
componentismoved,assembled,anderected.
Requirementsforextremeeventsduringconstruction.
q g
 Erection Stresses
ErectionStresses
The
Thelocationofthepickpointsshouldbedetermined
location of the pick points should be determined
sothattheunitispickedwithoutrollorstability
problemsandwithinerectionstresslimits
TheEngineerofRecord(EOR)isresponsiblefor
checkingthehandlingstressesfortheliftinglocations
shownontheplans.
TheContractormaychoosealternateliftinglocations
y g
withagreementfromtheEOR.
 ProposedABCDesign
SpecificationsforLRFD
R
Recommendationsareprovidedforaddressing
d ti id d f dd i
shortcomingsinthecurrentLRFDBridgeDesign
Specifications that may be limiting their use for ABC
SpecificationsthatmaybelimitingtheiruseforABC
ABCdesignincorporatescomponentsfromseveral
sections of the LRFD code ABC provisions have been
sectionsoftheLRFDcode.ABCprovisionshavebeen
writtenasifitweretobeaddedasanewLRFDsub
section(5.14.6)underSection5ConcreteStructures
( )
Outlineoftopicsgiveninthenextslides
 PROPOSEDPROVISIONSFORDESIGNOF
PREFABRICATED SYSTEMS FOR ABC
PREFABRICATEDSYSTEMSFORABC
5.14.6.1 General
5.14.6.2
5 14 6 2 D i Obj i
DesignObjectives
5.14.6.2.1 Rideability
5.14.6.2.2 Deformations
5.14.6.3 LoadsandLoadFactors
5.14.6.3.1 Definitions
5 14 6 3 2 LoadandLoadDesignation
5.14.6.3.2 L d d L d D i ti
5.14.6.3.3LoadFactorsandCombinations
5.14.6.3.4LoadFactorsforConstructionLoads
5.14.6.4Analysis
5.14.6.5ControlofCracking(nonPrestressed Components)
 PROPOSEDPROVISIONSFORDESIGNOF
PREFABRICATEDSYSTEMSFORABC

5.14.6.6LiftingandHandlingStresses(nonPrestressed)
g g ( )
5.14.6.7Prestressed Components
5.9.4.1ForTemporaryStressesBeforeLosses
5.9.4.2ForStressesatServiceLimitStateAfterLosses
5.14.6.8DesignoftheGroutedSpliceCoupler
5.14.6.9ProvisionsforJoints
5 14 6 9 Provisions for Joints
5.14.4.3.3dLongitudinalConstructionJoints
5.14.4.3.3eCastinPlaceClosureJoint
5.14.6.10ProvisionsforSteelCompositeSystems
6.7.4.1 DiaphragmsandCrossframes
6.10.1.1.1a
6.10.1.1.1a Sequenceofloading
Sequence of loading
 Design Responsibilities
DesignResponsibilities
Underadesignbidbuilddeliverymethod,thedesign
servicesforaprefabricatedbridgeisperformedby
differententities.
TheEngineerofRecordisresponsibleonlyforthe
bridgeinitsfinalsupportcondition.
Guidanceshouldbedevelopedforengineersinvolved
G id h ld b d l df i i l d
inABCalertingthemofanincreasedobligationfor
strength stability and adequate service performance
strength,stabilityandadequateserviceperformance
priortofinalconstruction.
 ABCDesignExamples
g p
InABCdesignthecarefuldeterminationofspanarrangement,
girder spacings andmoduledimensionsforshippingand
girderspacings and module dimensions for shipping and
erectioncanaddsignificantsavings.
DetailedABCdesignexamplesprovidestepbystepguidance
Detailed ABC design examples provide step by step guidance
ABCDesignExamples
g p

Decked Steel Girder System

P/S Concrete Deck Bulb Tees

DeckedSteelGirderDesignforABC
Organizationof DesignExamplesintheToolkit
II.General:
G l III.DeckDesign:
III D kD i
DesignPhilosophy FlexuralStrengthCheck
DesignCriteria DeckReinforcingDesign
MaterialProperties DeckOverhangDesign
LoadCombinations
IV.ContinuityDesign:
IV. Continuity Design:
II.GirderDesign: CompressionSplice
FlexuralStrengthChecks ClosurePourDesign
Flexural Service Checks
FlexuralServiceChecks
ShearStrength
FatigueLimitStates

*** Engineer of Record should perform own ABC design

 DeckedSteelGirderDesignforABC
ThreeStagesforDesign
PrefabricationStage(manysupportoptions)
Prefabrication Stage (many support options)
LoadCase1=Deadloadonmodulesteelsectiononly
LoadCase2=Deadloadonmodulecompositesection
Load Case 2 = Dead load on module composite section
ErectionStage(manyliftoptions)
LoadCase3=Modulesareliftedintoplace
p
FinalStage
LoadCase4=Modulesareassembledandmadecontinuous
DL
FWS
LL+IM
Utilities
 DeckedSteelGirderDesignforABC
Erection Stage
ErectionStage
ErectionLoads
Analysisforpickpoints/supportsshownonplans
Contractormayselectothererectionmethodanddoown
erectionanalysis
ti l i
ErectionLimitState
LoadFactorforerectiondeadLoads
Load Factor for erection dead Loads
IMfordeadloads
ErectionStresses
Erection Stresses
Flexuralstresses<Allowable
 DeckedPrestressed ConcreteGirder
Design for ABC
DesignforABC
Mostbridgeengineersarefamiliarwithprecast
prestressed girderdesignforconventionalconstruction
Flangeconnectionsaredesignedtotransmitmoment
g g
andshearviaaUHPCclosurepour.Otherrapidset
concretemixescanalsobeused.
Consultlocalsuppliersfortheproject,butasaruleof
thumb,limitshippingweightsto200kips.
, pp g g p
ABCDesignExample DeckBulbTee
Organization of Deck Bulb Tee Design Example
General: ConcreteStressesatRelease
Concrete Stresses at Release
DesignPhilosophy ConcreteStressesatErection
DesignCriteria ConcreteStressesatFinal

GirderDesign: FlexuralStrength
PermanentLoads ShearStrength
PrecastLiftingWeight NegativeMomentDesign
LiveLoads
CamberandDeflectionsatRelease
Prestress Losses Erection /Erection/Final
P t
Prestress L
Losses Fi l
Final

*** Engineer of Record should perform own ABC design

 DeckedPrestressed ConcreteGirder
DesignforABC
ThreeStagesforDesign
g g
TransferStage
LoadCase1=Deadloadofdeckedgirder
g
ErectionStage
LoadCase2=Deckedgirderisliftedintoplace
FinalStage
LoadCase3 =Modulesareassembledandmadecontinuous
DL
FWS
LL+IM
Utilities
 DeckedPrestressed ConcreteGirder
Li i
LimitsonConcreteStressesforABC
C S f ABC
Limitsonconcretestressesatthreestages:
Attransfer
Aterection
Atfinal
At final
Computeprestress lossesatallthreestages
Thecrosssectionofthegirderremainsunchanged
Th ti f th i d i h d
Useappropriateconcretestrengths
 ConcreteTensileStressesatErection
Nocrackingduringtransportationanderectionforthe
lif
liftpointsselected
i l d
LimitedtensiontomodulusofrupturewithaF.S=1.5
30%Impact
Calculatetheconcretestressesfortheeffective
prestress forceusingonlythelossesbetweentransfer
f i l h l b f
anderection
 DeckedPrestressed ConcreteGirder
Camber Control for ABC
CamberControlforABC
Control
Controlofdifferentialcamberbetweenadjacentgirders
of differential camber between adjacent girders
atthetimeoferectioniskeytoproperfitupinthefield
Gi
Girdercambershavetomeetspecifiedtolerancesfor
d b h ifi d l f
castingofclosurepoursandachievingdecksmoothness
Allaspectsofthefabricationprocessshouldbeas
uniformaspossibleforeachgirder.Schedulefabrication
sothatcamberdifferencesbetweenadjacentgirders
th t b diff b t dj t id
areminimized.
 DeckedPrestressed ConcreteGirder
Camber Control for ABC
CamberControlforABC
Camberlevelingmethodsinclude:
Jacking Acrossbeamandhydraulicjacksareusedtoadjust
theelevationsofthegirdersurfacestoalevelcondition.
Surcharging
Surcharging Heavyweightsareloadedontothetopsof
Heavy weights are loaded onto the tops of
girderstoreducedifferentialcamber.
CamberLevelingforceusedtoequalizedifferential
g q
camberneedstobefactoredintothedesignofthe
girder.
Camberlevelingforcescauseadditionaltensioninthe
bottomfiber
 DeckedPrestressed ConcreteGirder
Li it
LimitsonConcreteStressesforABC
C t St f ABC
ABCdesignofprecastprestressed girdersfollowthe
LRFD
LRFDprovisionswithafewadditionalconsiderations
ii ih f ddi i l id i
Concretetensioninthebottomfiberatfinal,SERVICE
III,islimitedto0.0ksi forABCdesign
Imposing
Imposingthislimitationprecludestheneedtoevaluate
this limitation precludes the need to evaluate
thetensilestressesfromcamberlevelingforces
ThisisadeparturefromLRFD
This is a departure from LRFD
 ProposedABCConstruction
SpecificationsforLRFD
Recommended
RecommendedABCconstructionspecificationspertain
ABC construction specifications pertain
specificallytoprefabricatedelementsandmodularsystems.
Focus
Focusheavilyonmeansandmethodsrequirementsforrapid
heavily on means and methods requirements for rapid
constructionusingprefabricatedmodularsystems.
Much
Muchoftheseprovisionsreflectacompilationofbest
of these provisions reflect a compilation of best
practicesforABCconstructionandlessonslearned.
Abridgeownerusingthesespecificationsasaguidecould
g g p g
developtheirownSpecialProvisionsforanABCproject.
 ProposedABCConstruction
SpecificationsforLRFD
Recommended Special Requirements for ABC
RecommendedSpecialRequirementsforABC
Proposed Section in LRFD Construction Specifications
XX.1 GENERAL
XX.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
XX.3 MATERIALS
XX.4 FABRICATION
XX 5 SUBMITTALS
XX.5
XX.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
XX.7 HANDLING, STORING, AND TRANSPORTATION
XX.8 GEOMETRY CONTROL
XX.9 CONNECTIONS
XX.10 ERECTION METHODS
XX.11 ERECTION PROCEDURES
 ABC Construction Specifications
ABCConstructionSpecifications
Thespecificationidentifiesresponsibilitiesfordesign,
construction and inspection during an ABC project
constructionandinspectionduringanABCproject.
Fabricatorqualifications,requirementsforplantcastingand
sitecastingaredefined.
Itidentifiestwophasesofinspection:fabricationinspection
andfieldinspectionthataretheresponsibilityoftheowner.
Qualitycontrolandgeometrycontrolofcomponentsare
l l d l f
identifiedaskeypartsofABCconstruction.
Requirementsforvariousconnectiontypescommonlyusedin
Requirements for various connection types commonly used in
ABC,includingUHPCjoints,aredefined.
QUESTIONS ?
QUESTIONS?
NY STATEWIDE CONFERENCE ON
LOCAL BRIDGES 2012

AcceleratedBridgeConstruction
ABC

Bala Sivakumar
HNTBCorp.
NewYork
 S i 3
Session3

ABCPilotProjects
 Outline
Introduction
Pilot Project #1 PBES(Iowa)
PilotProject#1 PBES (Iowa)
PilotProject#2 LateralSlide(NY)
L
LessonsLearned
L d
 SHRP2R04ABCPilotProject#1
PrefabricatedElements(IADOT)
( )
Oct 17, 2011

14DayABCPeriod

Keg Creek Bridge

Nov 1
1, 2011
 SHRP2R04ABCPilotProject#2
LateralSlide(NYSDOT)
( )

Nov2012letting
2012 2013 C t ti
20122013Construction
Overnightreplacement

I-84 EB & WB Bridges

over Dingle Ridge Road
 ABCPilotProject#1
g overKegCreek
US6Bridge g
CouncilBluffs,Iowa
3
3Spanbridge;Spans:67
Span bridge; Spans: 673
3 ,70
700
0 ,67
673
3
IADOTDesign ConventionalConstruction
6monthclosure
ADT=4000;14miledetour
SelectedbyIADOTasABCcandidate
RedesignedforABCbySHRP2R04Team
Modularconstruction
14dayABCperiod(Roadclosure)
14 day ABC period (Road closure)
ProjectneededtofittimingforR04project
Highway/civildesignbyIADOT
Highway / civil design by IADOT
 Bids
Keg Creek Bridge Iowa
KegCreekBridge,Iowa
Sevenlocalbidders
Contractletting:Feb2011
l i b 20
Contractor:GodbersenSmith
Construction,IdaGrove,IA
LowBid:$2.67Million(bridge&approachworks)
Bridgecost=$231/SF
Incentive/Disincentive=$22000/dayduring14
dayABCperiod
HFLfunds$600,000;SHRP2funds$250,000
 US6KegCreekBridge
Site Layout
SiteLayout OnSite
On Site
Prefabrication
Yard

Bridge
 KegCreekBridge ABCDesign
Entirebridgebuiltwithprefabricatedelementsand
modular systems
modularsystems
Deckedsteelbeammodules;SimpleforDL;
Continuous for LL
ContinuousforLL
Onlythe6dia.drilledshaftswerecastinplaceprior
to closing the existing bridge
toclosingtheexistingbridge
Contractorcouldselfperformconcreteprecastingor
have it done by a precasting plant
haveitdonebyaprecastingplant
Sizeandweighttoallowerectionwithconventional
cranes(<200Kips)
(< 200 Ki )
 Local Prefabricator Capabilities
LocalPrefabricatorCapabilities
In
IntheIowademonstrationproject,thelocal
the Iowa demonstration project the local
precasters wouldnotproducedeckbulbtees
without expensive form modifications
withoutexpensiveformmodifications
Aprefabricatedmodularsystemwasthe
economical choice for this site
economicalchoiceforthissite
Plansallowedthecontractortoproposea
concreteoptionasavalueengineering
i l i i
alternate.Nonewasproposed.
CrossSections/Plan

End Dam for UHPC Joints UHPC Joints

 ABCDesignHighlights
Completeprefabricatedbridgeelements,including
approach slabs
approachslabs
Onsiteprecastfabrication
UHPC,SCC,Groutedsplicecouplerconnectionsfor
UHPC SCC Grouted splice coupler connections for
rapidfieldassembly
HPCconcrete.Noopenjoints
HPC concrete No open joints
FirstbridgeinUSwithfull,momentresistingUHPC
transversejointsatthepiers
j p
Semiintegralabutmentforrapidsuperstructure
construction
Floodedbackfillforrapidsubstructureconstruction
 ThreeConstructionStages
Stage1work(preABCperiod):
Constructdrilledshaftstogroundlevel
Construct drilled shafts to ground level
Prefabricatemodulesinstagingarea.
Stage2work(during14day
St 2 k (d i 14 d ABCperiod)
ABC i d)
Detourtraffic&demolishexistingbridge
Assembleprecastpiers&abutments
Assemble precast piers & abutments
Assemblemodularsuperstructure&precast
approachpavement
UHPCclosurejoints/grinddeck/reopenbridge

Stage 3: Post ABC -- Complete channel works / slope

protection (20 days)
 Stage1(PreABC)
Drilled Shafts Foundations
DrilledShaftsFoundations
PierfoundationswerecompletedpreABCperiod:
foundationsbuiltoutsidetheexistingbridgefootprintas
newbridgewaswider(6dia.75ft long)
PrefabricationYard(PreABC)
IowaBridge
Sept
S p 30
F
Farm
 ProjectSchedule
14dayABCperiod:
Oct 17th toNov1,2011
Oct17 to Nov 1, 2011

PreclosurefabricationduringSummer2011
Drilledshaftsinstalled
Fabricationofsuperstructuremodularunits
Fabricationofsubstructureelements
 PrefabricatingtheModularBeam
Elements

ALLUNITSAREFABRICATEDAWAYFROMTRAFFICSUPPORTED
SIMILARTOTHEIRFINALERECTEDCONDITION
Allformworkforthedeckshallbesupportedfromthe
g g
longitudinalgirderssimilartoconventionalconstruction
(unshored construction futuredeckreplacementpossible)
PrefabricationofAbutmentsandPiers
93 K

52 K

168 K
PrefabricatingtheModularBeam
Elements

Steel was fabricated in the shop

The deck concrete was cast on-site
Contractor chose to prefabricate
modules in their exact relative
location
Stage2(ABCPeriod) Day 1
Rapid Demolition
RapidDemolition Oct 17
Completed within a single day
Two hydraulic breakers
mounted on excavators
Crane with wrecking ball
 PrecastAbutmentDetails

Precast Abutment Construction

Single row of H-piles were driven
SCC to fill pile pockets
U shaped wingwalls
 Days 3 & 4
PrecastAbutmentAssembly
 Day 4
PrecastWingwallsAssembly
Self Consolidating
C
Concrete
t Joints
J i t
 Days 4 & 5
PrecastPiers StraddleBents
PrecastPiers

Grouted Splice
Couplers

RCC Design

Voids in
Cap Beam
GroutedSpliceCoupler
p p

Use in low seismic areas only

Drilled shaft to column connections
Column to cap connections
Fast assembly
 Day 4
PrecastColumns

Template for Dowels

 Day 5
PrecastPierAssembly
Pier caps - 168 kips.
Required two 110-
ton cranes to lift into
position.
168 K
PrefabricatingtheModularBeam
Elements

6 Decked Steel Girder Modules

N
Non-proprietary
i t
Beam spacings were selected for ABC.
There are other wider spacing options that
could be used
used.
ErectionoftheModularBeam
Elements Days 7 & 8

112 K

Span = 70 ft
ErectionoftheModularBeam
Elements Days 7 & 8
 SemiIntegralAbutment
S
SuspendedBackwall
d d B k ll D
Days 7&8

Allows superstructure expansion / contraction

Easy fit up
Well suited for rapid construction
 UHPCJointsinBridgeDeck Day 10

Fullmomenttransfer.Noposttensioningrequired
Only6inwide.Highstrength;lowpermeability
Canbereinforcedwithhairpinbarsorstraightbars

(Longitudinal Joint)
 Day 10
TransverseUHPCJointsatPiers

UHPC joint reinforced to carry the full LL tension

First use of UHPC for transverse joints over pier
 TransverseUHPCJoints
Lab Tests at Iowa State University (Pre ABC)
LabTestsatIowaStateUniversity(PreABC)
Assess strength
g and
serviceability of the
transverse joint
Determine ultimate
moment capacity
Tests sho
show good
correlation with design
strength
Identified HPC deck
cracking & bond issues
TransverseJointServiceabilityDesign

1
1inchH.Sthreadedbarpost
inch H S threaded bar post
tensionedto70Kips
PTforcesuchthattheextreme
fib
fiberofthedeckconcreteto
f h d k
remainbelowazerotension
conditionduringliveloadto
preventdeckcrackingunder
serviceloads
 Day 10
PrecastApproachSlab
Precast Sleeper Slab
Flooded Backfill
FloodedBackfill
 Day 13
DeckRidingSurface
Noopendeckjoints.
Integralwearingsurface overlaynotrequired.
Extrainchforgrindingforsmoothridingsurface
g g g
Longitudinalgroovingforskidresistance.
Oct. 17th Oct. 21st
Oct 22nd
Oct.

Oct. 24th
Oct. 28th
Nov1,2011

Keg Creek Video:

One Design10,000
Bridges

SHRP2 Website
 Time Lapse Video
TimeLapseVideo
kegCreekTimeLapseVideo(3min)
keg Creek Time Lapse Video ( 3 min)
 Highways for Life Workshop
HighwaysforLifeWorkshop
HeldonOct28th
80attendeesfrom14states
SitevisitondayofUHPCpour
 PostConstructionReview
Lessons Learned
LessonsLearned
Besttohavetwoindependentsurveysassurveyerrors
can lead to major delays during ABC period
canleadtomajordelaysduringABCperiod
Couldspecifylongerpilelengthsbycontractto
minimizescheduledisruptions
i i i h d l di ti
DesignershouldbepresentonsiteduringtheABC
periodforquickdecisionmaking.
i df i kd i i ki
PrepourmeetingwithUHPCsupplier&follow
procedures.BondbetweenUHPCanddeckiscritical.
d B db UHPC d d k i i i l
UHPCreinforcementshouldallowjointstobemore
easilyandquicklyconstructed.Straightbarspreferred.
 SecondABCPilotProject
II84
84BridgesoverDingleRidgeRoad
Bridges over Dingle Ridge Road
LateralSlide
50milesnorthofNewYorkCity
NYCwatershedarea
Over75,000to100,000ADT
Majortruckroute
Existbridgesaretoonarrowfortwowaytrafficwith
crossovers(28ftwideroadway)
NYSDOTwasplanningtouseatemporarybridgeinthe
medianatacostof$2.0Mtomaintaintraffic
Takeoneconstructionseasonforeachbridge
 I84NewYork
E i ti T i B id
ExistingTwinBridges
I84BridgesNewYork
ExistingBridges
Three simple spans:
37: 55: 42
Two lanes @ 12 ft
Two
T shoulders
h ld @ 2
 OvernightLateralSlide
Eliminatesneedforatemporarybridge&crossovers
Traffic
TrafficdisruptiononI
disruption on I84
84reducedfromtwoyearsto
reduced from two years to
twoweekendnights(16 18hrclosures).
Dingle
DingleRidgeRoad(lowvolume)willbeclosedlongerto
Ridge Road (low volume) will be closed longer to
completethedemolition.
Slide
Slideinnewsinglespanconcretesuperstructureand
in new single span concrete superstructure and
approachslabsatthesametimeforfasterconstruction
BidopeningNovember2012
Bid i N b 2012
HFLfunds:$2.0M
SHRP2funds:$300,000
 TrafficControlDuringConstruction
TrafficonI84willbemaintainedduringsubstructurework
Detourwillbeinplaceforonly1618hoursfortheremovalof
existing bridge and slide in of the new
existingbridgeandslideinofthenew
DetourduringSaturdaynight Sundaymorning
Route6/202,paralleltoI84,willbeusedasthedetour.
/ ,p ,

48
 ABC Design NewBridges
ABCDesign New Bridges
Singlespan80
Single span 80;;Threelanesat12
Three lanes at 12
Leftshoulder6,rightshoulder12
Bridge width 334
Bridgewidth33 4 57
570
0
Providesroomforfuturetrafficcontrol
Use 3asphaltwearingsurfaceeliminatesgrinding
Use3 asphalt wearing surface eliminates grinding
UnderpassingDingleRidgeRoadon15.7%grade
New bridges will be about two feet higher than the
Newbridgeswillbeabouttwofeethigherthanthe
existingtoprovideunderclearance.
Needtominimizenewstructuredepth
Need to minimize new structure depth
 ABCDesignChallenges
NeedtoraiseI84approachesasmuchas2feet
duringABCwindowtosatisfyunderclearance.
Removalofasbestosfromexistingabutment
backwalls
Existingabutmentsonfillwithspreadfootings
needtominimizedisturbanceduringsubstructure
construction
TypicalSections
New bridge is wider
Construct abutment
drilled shafts outside
footprint
NEXT beam (double T
beam) superstructure
Precast approach slabs
NewStraddleBentAbutment&Wingwalls

Abutment Section
 StraddleBentAbutment
w/ modular retaining walls
w/modularretainingwalls
Diaphragm Slide Shoe
End Diaphragm
EndDiaphragm

Slide Shoe
 SlideShoes
PTFE Bonded to Elastomeric Pad
PTFEBondedtoElastomericPad
LateralSlideUsingJacks
 LongitudinalElevation
SlideSurface

Temp.jump
span
During Slide

Modularwalls

57
Final (complete modular walls after reopening)
SleeperSlab/EndDam
End dam will retain the
approachh pavement thath willll b
be
raised by 2 ft during ABC period.
ABC Schedule (Sept 2013)
ABCSchedule(Sept2013)
 PreABCPeriod
Constructabutments,newsuperstructure

New Abutment
 ABCPeriod
Detour,DemolishExistingBridge
 ABCPeriod
SlideInNewbridge,RaiseApproaches,Reopen
 PostABCPeriod
Constructmodularwalls,Completeapproachwidening
BothBridgesCompleted
Twoweekends(Sept2013)
 ABCBenefits
RoadClosurewillbesignificantlyreducedfromtwo
constructionseasonstotwoweekends.
Safety withintheworkzonewillbeimproved.
Reduced
ReducedCosts:primarilybynotbuildingthe
Costs: primarily by not building the
crossoversandtemporarybridgeinthemedian
($2 0 M savings)
($2.0Msavings).
ImpactstotheNewYorkCitywatershedwillbe
substantially reduced; at least 5 acres of land will not
substantiallyreduced;atleast5acresoflandwillnot
havetobedisturbedwiththeABC.

ABC is the clear choice

QUESTIONS ?
QUESTIONS?