3GPP Long Term

Evolution (LTE)
 What is LTE ?
In Nov. 2004, 3GPP (3GPP is an organization that defines
how certain mobile and fixed network technologies should work. (GSM,
began a project to define
UMTS, HSDPA, IMS, etc...)
the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
cellular technology
Higher performance
Backwards compatible
Wide application
 System Capabilities
Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

Uplink peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

Operation in both TDD and FDD modes.

Variable duplex technology within bands as well as between bands

Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20

MHz

Increased spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA by a factor of two to

four

Enhance the bit rate for MBMS (e.g. 1-3 Mbps)

 Service Capabilities
Reduced cost per bit

Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6)

Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN)

Increased service provisioning more services at lower cost with better user experience

Focus on delivery of services utilising IP

Reduced latency, to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and the base station,
and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to active

Increase the support of QoS for the various types of services (e.g. VoIP)

Increase cell edge bit rate whilst maintaining same site locations as deployed today

Reasonable terminal power consumption

Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands

Evolution of Technologies

LTE (3.9G) :
3GPP release 8~9
LTE-Advanced :
3GPP release 10+
 LTE Basic Concepts
LTE employs Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink data
transmission and Single Carrier FDMA (SC-
FDMA) for uplink transmission
 Multipath-Induced Time Delays
Result in Inter-Symbol
Interference (ISI)
S(t-m)
y (t ) S (t ) S (t m) n(t )
S(t)

y(t) : output signal

S(t) : input signal
S(t-m) : delayed m time input signal
y(t)
n(t) : noise
 Equalizers in Receiver
Against Frequency Selective Fading
Channel transform function Hc(f)

y (t ) S (t ) S (t m) H c ( f ) 1 e j 2fm

Equalizers transform function Heq(f) (Receiver)

1 1
Hc ( f )
H c ( f ) 1 e j 2fm
 Frequency Selective Fading
the coherence bandwidth of the channel is
smaller than the bandwidth of the signal

Frequency Correlation > 0.9

Bc = 1 / 50 is r.m.s. delay spread
It may be useless for increasing transmission power
LTE-Downlink (OFDM)
Improved spectral
efficiency
Reduce ISI effect by
multipath
Against frequency
selective fading
 LTE Uplink (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple access
technique which has similar structure and
performance to OFDMA
A salient
advantage of SC-
FDMA over
OFDM is low to
Peak to Average
Power Ratio
(PAPR) :
Increasing
battery life
Multi-antenna techniques
Time and Frequency Resource
One frame is 10ms
10 subframes

One subframe is 1ms

2 slots
One slot is 0.5ms
N resource blocks
[ 6 < N < 110]
One resource block is 0.5ms
and contains 12 subcarriers
from each OFDM symbol
LTE spectrum (bandwidth and
duplex) flexibility
 LTE Downlink Channels

Paging Control Channel

Paging Channel

Physical Downlink Shared Channel

 LTE Uplink Channels

Random Access Channel

CQI report
Physical Uplink Shared Channel

Physical Radio Access Channel

 Evolution of LTE-Advanced (4-G)
Asymmetric transmission bandwidth
Layered OFDMA
Advanced Multi-cell Transmission/Reception
Techniques
Enhanced Multi-antenna Transmission
Techniques
Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTE-
Advanced
 Asymmetric transmission
bandwidth
Symmetric transmission
voice transmission : UE to UE
Asymmetric transmission
streaming video : the server to the UE (the downlink)
 Support of Larger Bandwidth in
LTE-Advanced
Peak data rates up to 1Gbps are expected
from bandwidths of 100MHz. OFDM adds
additional sub-carrier to increase
bandwidth
 Conclusion
LTE-A helps in integrating the existing
networks, new networks, services and
terminals to suit the escalating user
demands
LTE-Advanced will be standardized in the
3GPP specification Release 10 (LTE-A) and
will be designed to meet the 4G
requirements as defined by ITU