Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Page 1 of 15
Question #1: (10 points) Fill in the blanks
1. The two fundamental types of dislocations are ____Edge_ and _Screw_.
2. Plastic deformation corresponds to the deformation of large number of
_Dislocation_.
3. For a particular crystal structure, the slip plane is the plane that has
the _greatest planner density_.
4. The smallest repetitive volume which contains the complete lattice
pattern of a crystal is called _Unit Cell_.
5. The 4 Point Defects are:
__ Vacancy
__ Self-interstitial atom
__Substitional impurity atom
__ Intersitial impurity atom
Page 2 of 15
Question #2: (5 points) True or False
1. The ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain in the elastic range is
known as the modulus of elasticity. (False)
2. Alloying metals with impurity atoms (substitutional or interstitial) into
solid solution is another technique to strengthen and harden metals
(True)
3. For a particular crystal structure, the slip direction is that direction in
the slip plane having the lowest linear density. (False)
4. A fine-grained material (one that has small grains) is softer than one
that is coarse grained. (False)
5. High-purity metals are almost always softer and weaker than alloys
composed of the same base metal. (True)
Page 3 of 15
a. Below room temperature
b. Above room temperature
c. None of the above.
Solution:
30 wt% Sn-70 wt% Pb at 80 wt% Sn -20 wt% Pb at
200C 250C
Phase +L L
Compositi wt% Sn + L (56.8 wt%
L (80 wt% Sn)
on Sn)
= (56.8-30)/(56.8-17.7) =
L = 31.5%
Page 4 of 15
Question #5: (9 points)
For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 267MPa
and the modulus of elasticity is 115GPa.
Solution:
(a)The maximum stress that may be applied without plastic deformation
taking place is the yield strength, y;
= 80,100 N
(b)Combining Hooke's law (at the stress corresponding to the yield
strength)
, = 137.3 mm
Page 5 of 15
Question #6: (6 points)
The yield strength for an alloy that has an average grain diameter of 1.6 x
10-2 mm is 320MPa. At a grain diameter 3.9 x 10 -3 mm, the yield strength
increases to 480MPa. At what grain diameter (in mm) will the yield strength
be 441MPa?
Solution:
It is necessary to set up two simultaneous equations of the Hall-Petch form,
And, from these equations it is possible to solve for values of 0 and ky; thus
0 = 164 MPa, ky = 19.7 MPa-mm1/2
Finally, the grain diameter required to give a yield strength of 441 MPa may
be determined by rearrangement of the first equation--that is
= 0.00506 mm
Page 6 of 15
Question #7: (16 points)
Refer to the Iron-Iron carbide phase diagram shown below. Find:
Liquidus
Solidus
Solidus
Page 8 of 15
Question #8: (2.5 points)
What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?
'Z
X
Solution:
'
Intercepts: (1, -1, 2/3), reciprocals: (1, -1, 3/2), Clear fractions: (2, -2,
3)
Plan:
Solution:
Direction:
Page 9 of 15
Question #10: (12 points)
Solution:
The value of z for which the error function is 0.6500 may be determined by
using data in the table provided in the problem statement and by linear
interpolation as follows:
Or
Now, solving for the diffusion coefficient at this temperature, using data
provided in the problem statement
Incorporation of this value into the above equation, the time is equal to
Page 10 of 15
= 67,900 s
Page 11 of 15
Question #11: (6 points)
A fatigue test was conducted in which the mean stress was 46.2MPa and the
stress amplitude was 219MPa.
Solving these two expressions simultaneously for max and min (and
incorporating values of m and a given in the problem statement) yields
Page 12 of 15
Question #12: (4 points)
Estimate the rupture lifetime (in h) for some cylindrical component originally
10.5mm in diameter and 496mm long that is fabricated from a low carbon-
nickel alloy; assume that it is to be exposed to a tensile load of 6300N at
538C. The logarithm stress versus logarithm rupture lifetime plot for this
alloy is given below.
Solution:
For a cylindrical specimen that is loaded in tension, load and stress are
related by the equation
From the 538C line in the plot provided in the problem statement, the
rupture lifetime corresponding to 72.8MPa is about 10 4 h.
Page 13 of 15
Question #13: (10 points)
For some metal alloy it is known that the kinetics of re-crystallization obey
the Avrami equation, and that the value of k in the exponential is 2.73 x 10-
6
, for time in seconds. If, at some temperature, the rate of re-crystallization
is 0.0014 s-1, what total time (in s) is required for the re-crystallization
reaction to go to 90% completion?
Solution:
using the specified rate value it is possible to solve for t0.5 ( the time
required for the transformation to go to 50% completion), as
at the point of 50% transformation completion, this equation takes the form
which, upon entering the value t0.5 computed above as well as the value of k
provided in the problem statement yields the following value for n:
Finally, using this n value, the time t required for the second degree of re-
crystallization may be determined using another rearranged form of the
original Avrami equation as
Page 14 of 15
Question #14: (3 points)
a. 175C/s
b. 90C/s
c. 15C/s
Solution:
a. At a rate of 175C/s, only martensite forms since this rate is greater
than the critical rate of 140C.
b. At a rate of 90C/s, both martensite and pearlite form since this rate is
less than the critical rate (140C) yet greater the maximum rate for
formation of a totally pearlitic structure (35C).
c. At a rate of 15CC/s, only pearlite forms since this rate is less than the
maximum rate for the formation of a totally pearlitic structure (35C).
Page 15 of 15