Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER
10 The Internet,
e-Pr and
Whatm-Commerce
is Ethics
LE AR NI NG OUTC OMES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
INTRODUCTION
Recent advances in new com-
munication technologies are
not only changing how corpo-
rate communication function in
organisation, but are also rede-
fining our notion of a corporate
communication practices in or-
ganisation. Although some or-
ganisations have used technol-
ogy such as telephones and vid-
eoconferencing for some time,
those communication tools are
costly. New technologies, par-
ticularly the Internet, allow for
asynchronous and synchronous communication among group members at relatively low cost.
These technologies are altering the functions, and processes of corporate communications. The
purpose of this chapter is to identify the concept of new communication technologies with
regards to electronic public relations and mobile commerce in the new era of Internet and com-
munication technologies.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
Internet
Electronic
Public
Relations
(ePR)
Telephony Broadcasting
Agencies
Mobile commerce or m-Commerce is defined in the academic literature in the areas of manage-
ment information systems, management, finance, accounting, as well as marketing. Each areas
has its own distinctive point of view as to what constitutes mobile commerce. Some definitions
overlap. Figure 10.5 shows the areas make use of mobile commerce.
Management
Mana
infor gement ng
m
syste ation keti
Mar
ms
Areas
defined of
M-commerce
g
in
Fin
nt
u
an
co
Ac
ce
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Rarely has a new area of business been heralded with such enthusiasm as mobile commerce,
that is the conduct of business and services over portable, wireless devices.Mobile commerce
has rapidly attained the business forefront due to the facts described in Figure 10.7.
Since wireless devices travel with the consumer, the ability or perhaps temptation to purchase
goods and services is always present. This is clearly a technique that can be used to raise
revenue. Also, the successful future of M-commerce depends on the power of the underlying
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
1. What channels of communication do you think will evolve the most in the
ACTIVITY
next three years? Seven years?
2. What channels do you think will affect corporate communications practice as
well as the way that members of a public can communicatewith one another
and with the practitioners organisations?
SELF-CHECK
1. Define e-pr and m-commerce.
2. Provide some examples of e-pr and m-commerce.
WEBSITE
http://www.geocities.com/neelam21582/
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
means that virtually anyone can publish information accessible anywhere in the world.
The advances in information technology have heavily influenced commercial businesses in sev-
eral ways. The most important role of information technology in a commercial business how-
ever is to provide a commercial advantage. Advances such as computer aided design, relational
database technologies, spreadsheets, and word processing software all provide a commercial
benefit to the business, as does automation of manufacturing processes. Figure 10.12 shows
some advances in computer technology.
The service provider has access to data about the users prefer-
ences and status which facilitates better, personalised service. In
Completely addition, the service provider can be constantly updated about the
Customisation: current status and location of thecustomer so that the service can
be customised; for instance, a request for a certain product can be
met with the nearest possible source.
The small size and ease of use of mobile receivers, coupled with
freedom from problems caused by infrastructure, makes for a
More Convenience: higher degree of user
convenience.
The presence of a wireless link between the customer and the ser-
vice provider eliminates the need for a fixed interface such as a
Expanded Reach: computer for communication. Providers of e-commerce services
can therefore reach customers over a longer range, creating the
opportunity for new value added services.
Analysts believe that easy mobile payment is one of the main pre-
requisites for the success of m-commerce, when the mobile phone
can function as an electronic wallet for mobile payments, including
Electronic Wallet:
micro payments, application developers and service providers will
find it attractive to introduce new mobile communication services
to the market.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
The portability of the wireless device and its functions from storing
Convenience:
data to access to information or persons.
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
Who will own the customer? Partnerships among players from var-
Customer Loyalty: ious industries will be necessary for most, if not all, m-commerce
initiatives, and in turn, will alter the nature of any one company to
own their own customers.
Where the different parties will need to learn about the functions
Cross-Sector and limitations of the services provided by the other players, for
Knowledge Gulf: example, operators will need to know about content and applica-
tions.
Moving up the value To respond to market opportunities some companies have develop
chain: subsidiaries in order to react more rapidly to market challenges
Scans & Cams for Input methods, according to analysts, will have a significant impact
M-Commerce: on the success or failure.
ACTIVITY
1. What, if any, are the disadvantages and advantages of the World Wide Web
and Internet communication such as email?
2. What media, if any, do you expect to become obsolete in the next few years?
SELF-CHECK
WEBSITE
http://www.benmeadowcroft.com/reports/impact/
http://www.geocities.com/neelam21582/
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Building a practical and user friendly website is an essential task in todays technological era.
You should pay attention to some important factors when building and maintaining your web-
site to make it easy to use for your website visitors. Figure 10.15 shows some facts that should
be consider while designing a website. Your site must be:
Easy to read.
Easy to navigate.
Fast loading.
This would be a plus point for you in building trust, attracting customers and will keep them
coming back for more.
An easy-to-read, professionally-designed website can boost your business. Figure 10.16 illus-
trates some vital facts that should be followed in designing of website.
Make your website simple and uncomplicated to attract and retain your customers.
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
Although high-speed internet connections are becoming more and more common, there is still
a large number of internet users that are on slower dial-up connections. Even with high-speed
connections some pages just dont load very quickly. Most of your visitors will be fairly impa-
tient and pages that load slowly could chase them away. At the very least, slow loading times
will reduce the number of pages that theyll visit on your site.
Knowing your sites audience can really help to know how your pages should be designed.
A program like Google Analytics will show you the percentage of your visitors that are using
different internet connections. Based on the numbers you can get a good idea of what type of
impact page load speed will have on your overall audience. If your site attracts a high percent-
age of users with dial-up connections, you should be sure to keep pages loading as quickly as
possible. If a very high percentage of visitors are using high-speed connections, you may be
able to add a few extra elements to your pages. Figure 10.18 shows factors that influence the
load times of pages.
Source: http://www.kaushik.net/avinash/wp-content/
uploads/2007/05/google_analytics_v2_dashboard.jpg
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
10.3.2 Accessibility
If someone cant use or access your website it serves no purpose for that visitor. Accessibility
of websites has become a bigger priority for designers and developers in recent years, but there
is still a long way to go. Even major corporations have struggled to achieve complete acces-
sibility. Figure 10.20 some of the easiest things that you can do to improve the accessibility of
your site.
10.3.3 Navigation
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
home page. For larger sites this probably isnt realistic, but offering a sitemap and/or a sitewide
search can really help. Figure 10.22 shows example of a web site with About pages.
Another important factor with navigation is that users shouldnt have to guess where they will
end up if they click on a link. Regardless of whether the link is part of a navigation menu, or if
it is simply in the body of the text, visitors should understand where the link will lead them.
10.3.4 Information
Figure 10.24 illustrates another simple considerations can improve user friendliness. They in-
clude:
Always use a descriptive alt text for every picture. Text browsers dont display
graphics. User friendly websites are also friendly to user-agents by using impor-
tant meta tags properly.
Make sure all hyperlinks text makes sense when read out of context. Avoid Click
Here at all cost!
Ensure that page tables are sensible, labeled and will linearize. Fixed width web
pages can also be restrictive for some web browsers and screen resolutions.
Cascading Stylesheets can provide enhanced visual accessibility features that al-
low users to customise how your web pages look.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Some of your visitors will use keyboard navigation only, Access keys willassist
them to navigate around the important sections of your website.Why have a good
site map?
Avoid Flash and Shockwave animations. They can be easily missed if the
users browser does not have the correct plugins.
Provide clear and consistent page presentation style and simple navigation menus.
JavaScript and flash menus should be avoided, as they may not function for spe-
cific users and browsers. It is important to note that search engine spiders cant
follow the links written into Javascript and flash menus. If search engines cant
follow your internal links, they cant index all the pages on your website. Good
links and good page titles are user friendly features.
ACTIVITY
What criteria should be used the determine public relations practitioners choice
of channel and medium to communicate with a particular public?
SELF-CHECK
Discuss four important factors that contribute to user friendly web site.
WEBSITE 1. http://www.seowebsitesdesigners.com/accessible_web_pages/user-friend-
ly-website.html
2. http://www.blog.etrix.ie/2008/07/25/make-your-website-user-friendly
3. http://www.dailyblogtips.com/user-friendly-website
For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio,
cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet and billboards. Advertising is often
placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organisation. Figure 10.25
shows examples of advertisements in medias.
Medias
Advertisements
Advertisements are seen on the seats of shopping charts, on the walls of an airport walkway,
on the sides of buses, and are heard in telephone hold messages and in-store public address
systems. Advertisements are often placed anywhere an audience can easily or frequently access
visual, audio and printed information.
Organisations that frequently spend large sums of money on advertising that sells what is not,
strictly speaking, a product or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organi-
sations, and military recruiters. Non-profit organisations are not typical advertising clients, and
may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as public service announcements.
While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs.
Unsolicited Commercial Email and other forms of spam have become so prevalent as to have
become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on in-
ternet service providers. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools,
while some critics argue is a form of child exploitation.
Web advertising and promotion isnt really as complicated as the web experts pretend. Its
simple, to promote web site, we must expose our site to as many prospects as possible Just im-
age. Figure 10.26 describes ideal location for advertisements.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Websites act as virtual storefronts, allowing businesses to stay open 24/7, Internet Promotion
gives a business greater visibility, thereby creating more opportunities for increasing its cus-
tomers at relatively low cost. Never before has it been easier for an upstart business to be able
to reach out to literally millions of potential customers and to position themselves for success,
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
Internet Promotion also provides the advantages of Internet Promotion is that its success is
measurable. Marketers can use tools that provide real time statistics, on unique visitors, repeat
visitors and etc thereby allowing them to determine what works for their particular market and
to make timely changes in their marketing strategies.
Another important advantage of Internet Promotion is that it saves time since it generally does
away with counseling on product uses and benefits, service information and sales administra-
tion. Visitors can access frequently asked questions to help themselves, and can buy online,
without the involvement of staff. This saves time and money. So, whether 10 or 10, 000 visitors
visit the site, the increased cost is marginal whilst the savings can be immense.
1. How have new forms of communication affected the lives of college students
ACTIVITY today?
2. How do you communicate with your friends?
3. What do you do for recreation that you believe students in earlier generations
couldnt and wouldnt do?
4. Discuss the potential of Internet in product and service promotion.
The term media could today be defined as a collective term for television, radio, cinema and
the press. The media are nowadays often discussed as a single entity, because of their combined
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
Investors Relations (IR) is a strategic management responsibility that integrates finance, com-
munication, marketing and securities law compliance to enable the most effective two-way
communication between a company, the financial community, and other constituencies, which
ultimately contributes to a companys securities achieving fair valuation. The term describes
the department of a company devoted to handling inquiries from shareholders and investors, as
well as others who might be interested in a companys stock or financial stability. Figure 10.33
shows what an Investors Relations is.
Financial
Communication Finance
Community
Investors
Communication Relations Communication
(IR)
Company
Other
Constituencies
Marketing Securities Law
(Companys
Compliance
Securities)
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Investor relations professionals are the pivotal link between their organisation and the outside
world. They are a key corporate resource, disseminating information to shareholders, financial
professionals, and potential investors about their companys competencies, competitive advan-
tages, strengths, weaknesses, strategies, vision and mission the objective being to ensure that
the company will be accurately valued in the marketplace. Figure 10.35 illustrstes the responsi-
bilty of Investor relations Officers.
Competitive
Advantages
Shareholders
Vision and
Competencies
Mission
Disseminating Information
IROs Financial
Professionals
Strengths Weaknesses
Strategies Potential
Investors
In the past, investors had to all up their brokers and place an order on the phone. The broker
would then enter the order in their system which was linked to trading floors and exchanges.
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
With the advent of the Internet, investors can now enter orders online or even trade with other
investors via electronic communication networks. Some orders entered online are still routed
through the broker allowing agents to approve or monitor the trades. This steps assists in the
protection of both the client and brokerage firm from unlawful or incorrect trades which could
affect the clients portfolio or the brokers license. Figure 10.36 refers Nokia.
Case Study:
New technologies also bring new business models that need the support of mobile infrastruc-
tures. With new media types in the mobile domain, the amount of digital content is growing
exponentially. Digital rights management (DRM) technologies play a key role here, enabling
the copyright owners to protect their business.
The wallet application makes mobile shopping a convenient experience, allowing you to eas-
ily use your credit card to pay for goods and services while on the move. The wallet is a pass-
word-protected area in your phone where you can store personal information such as credit
card numbers or loyalty card details. When you choose to buy something, you only need your
virtual credit card to complete the purchase. In addition to the wallet application, several
Nokia mobile phones support the security functions used for non-repudiated payments. The
wireless identity module.
ACTIVITY
Discuss the impact of the invention introduced by NOKIA in term of virtual
credit card on the society.
WEBSITE
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investor_relations
2. http://unex.uci.edu/certificates/business_mgmt/finance/ir/
3. http://www.geocities.com/neelam21582/
Traditional channel marketing systems will undergo a massive transformation in the next few
years as online communication radically alters the way buyers and sellers exchange informa-
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Companies that want to participate in electronic commerce will need to recognise that the con-
sumer market will take a back seat to the business-to-business market. To tap into the commer-
cial electronic commerce channel, companies should move incrementally and broadly. Moving
incrementally will hide potential conflicts while the company gains experience with electronic
commerce technology. By experimenting broadly with CDROMs, the Internet, and private elec-
tronic commerce systems, companies can determine which approach best fits their strategic,
customer, and technical requirements. As electronic commerce networks expand, companies
must prepare to abandon proprietary networks and embrace emerging industry-wide networks.
Figure10.37 shows technologies used in companies to determine best approaches.
Figure 10.38 describes that innovators see electronic commerce as a strategic opportunity.
However, entrenched manufacturers will find it difficult to transition from their established
channels. To minimize conflict, vendors may downplay their efforts until industry-wide net-
works provide a cover. Traditional channels often accept change if they cannot focus their
complaints against a single vendor.
The move to electronic commerce will replace the traditional inventory-based model with an
information-based model. If manufacturers, wholesalers, dealers, and end users do not start en-
visioning their role in such a world, they will quickly find themselves without options. Figure
10.39 shows effect of electronic commerce.
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
e-
co ce
m er
m m
er m
ce o
e-c
Information-
Based Model
e e-
c co
er m
m m
om er
ce
e -c
Figure 10.40 Application of M-commerce based 3G technologies. The technologies keep on de-
velop. For example, with the introduction of 3G technologies, many M-commerce applications
can be launched, some of them are:
Mobile Auction: Gaining benefit of mobile terminal, bidder can participate in auction.
Mobile Gaming: Customer can play multi-player games through wireless network.
Mobile Video: Customer can select any movie he likes then enjoys it.
Customer can make a bet on his favorite horse in a horse racing while
Mobile Betting: betting on his favorite football team in a football match while doing
other things.
Mobile Informa- It can provide customer his interested information like sport
tion Provisioning: news, political news.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
With the new generation of smart cell phones and handheld devices Mobile users are fast be-
coming a major part of the web scenario, having a mobile website can open your services and
products to the millions of mobile users being added to the world wide web everyday this
means more and more people can access your services and products irrespective of the way they
connect to the internet. Figure 10.41 shows some varieties of mobile phones.
Figure 10.42 shows softwares and application used by customers to access database.
From information about orders, to learning about products and services, to database access,
customers are increasingly demanding access to information and services from mobile devices
such as:
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
Figure 10.43 shows issues should be addressed while selecting application development tools.
Security should be addressed in greater detail because wireless networks are more
prone to data leakage, theft and fraud than wireline networks.
In the current environment where the Internet is the focus, mobile applications-
should also be based on the Internet development tools, especially modern appli-
cation servers.
It is designed to connect phones, laptops, PDAs and other portable equipment to-
gether with little or no work by the user.
The technology uses modifications of existing wireless LAN techniques but is most
notable for its small size and low cost. The current prototype circuits are contained
on a circuit board 0.9 cm square, with a much smaller single chip version in devel-
opment. The cost of the device is expected to fall very fast, from $20 initially to $5
in a year or two.
When one Bluetooth product comes within range of another, (this can be set to
between 10cm and 100m) they automatically exchange address and capability
details. They can then establish a 1 megabit/s link (up to 2 Mbps in the second
generation of the technology) with security and error correction, to use as re-
quired. The protocols will handle both voice and data, with a very flexible network
topography.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
of maximally 721 kb/s in either direction while permitting 57.6 kb/s in the return
direction, or a 432.6 kb/s symmetric link.
This technology achieves its goal by embedding tiny, inexpensive, short-range transceivers
into the electronic devices that are available today. The radio operates on the globally-available
unlicensed radio band, 2.45 GHz (meaning there will be no hindrance for international travelers
using Bluetooth-enabled equipment.), and supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps, as well as
three voice channels.
The Bluetooth modules can be either built into electronic devices or used as an adaptor. For
instance in a PC they can be built in as a PC card or externally attached via the USB port. Each
device has a unique 48-bit address from the IEEE 802 standard. Connections can be point-to-
point or multipoint. The maximum range is 10 meters but can be extended to 100 meters by
increasing the power.
Bluetooth devices are protected from radio interference by changing their frequencies arbitrari-
ly up to a maximum of 1600 times a second, a technique known as frequency hopping. They
also use three different but complimentary error correction schemes. Built-in encryption and
verification is provided. Figure 10.45 describes the Advantages of Bluetooth technology.
Bluetooth devices wont drain precious battery life. The Bluetooth specification
targets power consumption of the device from a hold mode consuming 30 micro
amps to the active transmitting range of 8-30 milliamps (or less than 1/10th of a
watt). The radio chip consumers only 0.3mA in standby mode, which is less than
3 % of the power used by a standard mobile phone. The chips also have excellent
power-saving features, as they will automatically shift to a low-power mode as
soon as traffic volume lessens or stops.
Bluetooth radio modules avoid interference from other signals by hopping to a new
frequency after transmitting or receiving a packet. Compared with other systems
operating in the same frequency band, the Bluetooth radio typically hops faster
and uses shorter packets. This makes the Bluetooth radio more robust.
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
128 bits. The Bluetooth radio transmissions will conform to the safety standards
required by the countries where the technology will be used with respect to the
affects of radio transmissions on the human body. The Bluetooth module will not
interfere or cause harm to public or private telecommunications network.
The Bluetooth system supports both point-to-point and point-to-multi-point connections. When
a device is connected to another device it is a point to point connection. If it is connected to
more that one (upto 7) it is a point to multipoint connection.
Several piconets can be established and linked together ad hoc, where each piconet is identi-
fied by a different frequency hopping sequence. All users participating on the same piconet
are synchronized to this hopping sequence. If a device is connected to more than one piconet
it communicates in each piconet using a different hopping sequence. A piconet starts with two
connected devices, such as a portable PC and cellular phone, and may grow to eight connected
devices. All Bluetooth devices are peer units and have identical implementations.
When establishing a piconet, one unit will act as a master and the other(s) as slave(s) for the
duration of the piconet connection. In a piconet there is a master unit whose clock and hop-
ping sequence are used to synchronize all other devices in the piconet. All the other devices in
a piconet that are not the master are slave units. Figure 10.47 describes some requirements for
the development of new technologies. Among the requirements for the development of new
technologies are:
To be successful, M-Commerce systems typically need to run on a
variety of mobile device platforms. Examples include conventional
phones (WAP, SMS), Smart Phones (Running the Java MIDP plat-
Device form), PDAs (such as the Palm), Communicators (Such as Symbian
Independence: Quartz and Crystal devices). A browser-based architecture such as
WAP might be sufficient for some m-commerce solutions, but others
will require the deployment of a mobile application (for example a
trading user interface) onto the mobile device.
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CHAPTER 10 l THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE
Bearer This also means that different wireless bearers need to be supported:
Independence: WAP, SMS, GPRS, and possibly UMTS.
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
WEBSITE
1. http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_Anthology_I.pdf
2. http://www.geocities.com/neelam21582/
SUMMARY
1. The combination of Internet and mobile commerce has changed the way of communica-
tion amongst peoples, organisation, societies, and etc.
2. Technology has makes things move faster than before and within a short we are able to
communicate and disseminate our information. We can send and publish news, pictures
almost instantly with the help of Internet and mobile service.
3. Internet and mobile communication also has been a very cost effective business and com-
merce tool.
4. New communication technology is very powerful and it can even control the world no
matter where we are.
glossary
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
reference
Book References
Chaudhury, Abijit, Jean-Pierre & Kuilboer (2002). e-Business and e-Commerce Infra-
structure. McGraw-Hill.
Ward, Hanson & Kirthi, Kalyanam, (2006). Internet Marketing and e-Commerce, Thom-
son South-Western, a division of the Thomson Corporation.
Catherine, Seda, (2004). Search Engine Advertising. Buying Your Way to the Top to In-
crease Sales. USA: New Riders publishing.
Boris, Mordkovich & Eugene, Mordkovich (2007). Low Cost Strategies for Attracting
New Customers Using Google, MSN, Yahoo & Other Search Engines. Pay-Per-Click
Search Engine Marketing Handbook. ModrComm inc.
Mike, Moran & Bill, Hunt (2009). Search Engine Marketing Inc. Driving Search Traf-
fic to Your Companys Web Site (2nd ed). International Business Machines Corporation.
Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
Thomas, M. McFadyen (2008). e-Commerce Best Practices - How to market, sell, and
service customers with internet technologies, McFadyen solutions.
Janice, Reynolds, (2004). Design, Build and Maintain a Successful Web-Based Busi-
ness. The Complete E-Commerce Book. San Fransico: CMP Books.
Web References
http://www.export.gov/sellingonline/whatisecommerce.asp
http://ecommerce.networksolutions.com/ecommerce_what_is_ecommerce.asp
http://www.business.qld.gov.au/dsdweb/v4/apps/web/content.cfm?id=7429
http://www.shop.org/c/journal_articles/view_article_content?groupId=1&articleId=70
2&version=1.0
http://www.articleplus.com/ecommerce-solutions8.html
http://www.optaros.com/blogs/creating-new-retail-concept-ecommerce
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http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~pngudup/Ecommerce%20in%20Nepal.doc
www.opentrac.com/SupplyChainConcept.pdf
2. Internet Age has limited implications for business, not includes an expansion to individu-
als of powers that were previously concentrated in the hands of the organised media.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
4. Companies that want to participate in electronic commerce will need to recognise that the
consumer market will take a back seat to the business-to-business market.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
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THE INTERNET, E-PR AND M-COMMERCE l CHAPTER 10
2. Which was one of the biggest breakthroughs in communication when the Internet
was commercialised?
A. Snail mail
B. Email
C. E-commerce
5. While building a web site the facts makes the web site user-friendly are __________.
A. attractive colors, length of web page and user interactivity
B. style, animations and quality
C. page load speed, accessibility, navigation and information
34