WIDENER UNIVERSITY School of Engineering

Tradition & Excellence Since 1821 Mechanical Engineering

Dr. T. Zhu Fall 2006

ME 461 Design

Assignment 7

Prob. 1 Prob. 2 Prob. 3

Student Name: a

Grade: a

Due Date: 11/05/2009

1. A ductile hot-rolled steel bar has a minimum yield strength in tension and
compression of 50 ksi. Using the maximum shear stress and distorsional
energy theories determine the safety factors for the following plane stress
cases:
(a ) x 12 ksi, y 6 ksi
(b) x 12 ksi, y 8 ksi
(c ) x 6 ksi, y 10 ksi, xy 5 ksi
(d ) x 12 ksi, y 4 ksi, xy 1 ksi

SOLUTION

Sy
MSST: n , with max and min being the maximum and minimum
max min
normal stresses.

yS
DET: n , with eff 12 22 1 2 x2 y2 x y 3 x2 being the
eff

Von Mises stress, and 1 and 2 being the 2D principal stresses.

a. x 12 ksi, y 6 ksi

1 12 ksi, 2 6 ksi, 3 0 ksi , i.e., max 12 ksi, min 0 ksi and

eff 12 22 1 2 12 2 6 2 12(6) 10.39
Sy 50
MSST: n n = 4.17
max min 12 0

Sy 50
DET: n n = 4.81
eff 10.39

b. x 12 ksi, y 8 ksi

1 12, 2 8, 3 0 kpsi , i.e., max 12 ksi, min 8 ksi and

eff 12 22 1 2 12 2 (8) 2 12(8) 17.43

Sy 50
MSST: n n = 2.5
max min 12 (8)

Sy 50
DET: n n = 2.87
eff 17.43

 c. x 6 ksi, y 10 ksi, xy 5 ksi

2
x y x y 2
1 , 2
xy which gives
2 2
1 2.615 ksi, 2 13.385 ksi, 3 0 ksi . Therefore,

max 0 ksi, min 13.385 ksi and

eff 12 22 1 2 12.29 ksi

Sy 50
MSST: n n = 3.74
max min 0 (13.385)

Sy 50
DET: n n = 4.07
eff 12.29

d. x 12 ksi, y 4 ksi, xy 1 ksi

2
x y x y 2 12 4 12 4
2
1, 2
xy 12
2 2 2 2
1 12.123 ksi, 2 3.877 ksi, 3 0 ksi , i.e.,

max 12.123 ksi, min 0 ksi and

eff 12 22 1 2 10.72 ksi

Sy 50
MSST: n n = 4.12
max min 12.123 0

Sy 50
DET: n n = 4.66
eff 10.72

2. The gear forces shown act in planes parallel to the yz plane. The force on gear
A is 300 lbf. Consider the bearings at O and B to be simply supported. For a
static analysis and a safety factor of 3.5, determine the minimum safe diameter
of the shaft using (a) the Distortional Energy Theory, (b) the Maximum Shear
Stress Theory. Consider only bending and torsion, and the material to have a
yield strength of 60 ksi.

SOLUTION

Bending Moment and Torque. A static analysis shows all the forces applied
on the shaft:

193.7 lbf

O 281.9 lbf

233.5 lbf 158.1 lbf

3383 lbf.in A
246.3 lbf

102.6 lbf B
C
3383 lbf.in
807.5 lbf
x
676.6 lbf

The shear and bending moment diagrams can then be obtained as

 y 281.9 lbf 158.1 lbf 102.6 lbf 807.5 lbf
z

O A B C O A B C

193.7 lbf 246.3 lbf 233.5 lbf 676.6 lbf

Mz (lbfft) My (lbfft)

2463
3874 4670
6766

The torque is constant between CD, and is equal to 3383 lbfin.

Since the internal torque is constant from A to C, the critical point will be either
at A or B. The resultant bending moments at these two points are

M A 3874 2 4670 2 6068 lbf in

M B 2463 2 6766 2 7200 lbf in

Therefore, point B governs. The stress components are

Md / 2 32 M 73340
x psi
I d 3 d3
Td / 2 16T 17230
xy psi
J d 3 d3

a. DET. x2 3 xy
2
S y / n , i.e.,

2 2
73340 17230 40516 60000 d = 1.665 in
3
3
d d3 d 3 3.5
Use d = 1.75 in.

b. Maximum Shear Stress Theory. x2 4 xy

2
Sy /n , i.e.,

2 2
73340 17230 81032 60000 d = 1.678 in
3
4
d d3 d 3 3.5
Use d = 1.75 in.

3. An ASTM cast iron has minimum ultimate strengths of 30 ksi in tension and
100 ksi in compression. Find the factors of safety using the Max. Normal
Stress Theory, Coulomb-Mohr Theory, Modified I-Mohr and Modified II-Mohr
for the following stress states:

(a ) x 20 ksi, y 6 ksi
(b) x 12 ksi, y 8 ksi
(c ) x 6 ksi, y 10 ksi, xy 5 ksi
(d ) x 12 ksi, xy 8 ksi

SOLUTION

Sut = 30 ksi, Suc = 100 ksi,

S ut S uc
Max. Normal Stress Theory (MNST): n min ,

max min
max 1
Coulomb-Mohr Theory (CMT): min
S ut S uc n

Modified I-Mohr Theory (M1M): 2D problems, 1 2

1 1
1 2 0 or 1 0 2 and 2 1
S ut n 1
( S uc S ut ) 1 2 1
1 0 2 and 2 1
S uc S ut S uc n 1
2 1
0 1 2
S uc n

Modified II-Mohr Theory (M2M): 2D problems, 1 2

1 1 2
1 2 0 or 1 0 2 and 1
S ut n 1
n n S
2
2

1
2 ut
1 1 0 2 and 1
S ut S ut S uc 1
2 1
S n 0 1 2
uc

a. x 20 ksi, y 6 ksi
 1 20 ksi, 2 6 ksi, 3 0 ksi , max 20 ksi, min 0 ksi

min 30 , 100 ,
S ut S uc
MNST: n min , n = 1.5
max min 20 0

max min 1 20 0 1
CMT: , , n = 1.5
S ut S uc n 30 100 n

S ut 30
M1M: Since 1 > 2 > 0, n , n = 1.5
1 20

S ut 30
M2M: Since 1 > 2 > 0, n , n = 1.5
1 20

b. x 12 ksi, y 8 ksi
1 12, 2 8, 3 0 kpsi , max 12 ksi, min 8 ksi

min 30 , 100 ,
S ut S uc
MNST: n min , n = 2.5
max min 12 8

max min 1 12 8 1
CMT: , , n = 2.08
S ut S uc n 30 100 n

2 2 S 30
M1M: Since 1 > 0 > 2 and 1 , n ut 2.5 ,
1 3 1 12
n = 2.5
2 2 S 30
M2M: Since 1 > 0 > 2 and 1 , n ut 2.5 ,
1 3 1 12
n = 2.5

c. x 6 ksi, y 10 ksi, xy 5 ksi

1 2.615 ksi, 2 13.385 ksi, 3 0 ksi ,
max 0 ksi, min 13.385 ksi

min 30 ,
S ut S uc 100
MNST: n min ,
max min 0 13.385
n = 7.47
max min 1 0 13.385 1
CMT: , , n = 7.47
S ut S uc n 30 100 n

S uc 100
M1M: Since 0 > 1 > 2 , n , n = 7.47
2 13.385
 S uc 100
M2M: Since 0 > 1 > 2 , n , n = 7.47
2 13.385

d. x 12 ksi, xy 8 ksi

2
x y x y 2 12 12
2
1, 2
xy 82
2 2 2 2
1 4 ksi, 2 16 ksi, 3 0 ksi , max 4 ksi, min 16 ksi

min 30 , 100
S ut S uc
MNST: n min , n = 6.25
max min 4 16

max min 1 4 16 1
CMT: , , n = 3.41
S ut S uc n 30 100 n

2 16
M1M: Since 1 0 2 and 4 1 , we have
1 4
( S uc S ut ) 1 2 1 (100 30)4 16 1
i.e., ,
S uc S ut S uc n 100 30 100 n

n = 3.95

2 16
M2M: Since 1 0 2 and 4 1 , we have
1 4
2
n 1 n 2 Sut n(4) n(16) 30
2

1 i.e., 1,
Sut S ut Suc 30 30 100

or n 2 1.19797 n 15.625 0
n = 4.60