Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Susilawati
Civil Engineering Department
UNIKA Widya Mandira
Kupang, Indonesia
srsusipi@yahoo.com
Abstract Mbay city has a unique area that consists of three ground water recharge during rainy season, causing the dug
areas i.e. hilly on the upstream part, urban plain and rice field wells to dry out. Triggered by these flood and drought
plain (Fig. 1). The hilly parts are deforested hills with high challenges that happen time and again, we think it necessary to
erosion which brings huge sediment to the lowest part i.e. develop an innovative green technology to cope up with and to
urban and rice field plain. When the rainfall comes it will overcome this situation, especially the one that takes place in
cause flash floods which inundate urban area for quite long Mbay.
time because the urban plain is covered by alluvium sediment
that forms impervious layer. The concept of eco-drainage Urban settlement Sea
which is based not only on how to channel away the flood plain
water to the sea, but also on how to manage the runoff water
and use it during the drought season, will bring the innovative
green technology to reach sustainable development. This Rice Field plain
technology consists of: (1) the water trap series which are
Hilly parts
placed along the natural drainage gully that will slow down
the runoff water along the natural drainage by trapping and
giving the running water greater chance to infiltrate the soil as
groundwater recharge; (2) the polder system which is placed
on the downstream of gullies that protects the urban area from
flash flood and supplies available water for domestic
requirement; and (3) the fish skeleton long storage, which is
placed on the rice field plain that protects this area from
brackish water caused by tidal sea. This integrated drainage
system approach will decrease the cost of drainage system Figure 1 Satellite image of Mbay City [2]
construction and paves the way for sustainable development. The main problems of this area are: (1) how to cope with
the flash flood and drought disasters that frequently happen,
Keywords- innovative green technology, water trap, eco- causing losses both in the urban area and in the rice-field area;
drainage, polder system, fish skeleton long storage. (2) How to develop an innovative green technology system to
I. INTRODUCTION cope with these flood and drought problems which includes the
idea of environmental conservation.
Mbay city has a unique area that consists of three parts i.e.
hilly section on the upstream part, urban plain and rice field II. CONCEPT AND STRATEGY OF ECO-DRAINAGE
plain (Fig. 1). The hilly parts being highly deforested and Contrary to the concept of conventional drainage where the
eroded brings huge sediment to the lowest part i.e. urban and basic idea is the physical strengthening of an area, Eco-
rice field plain. When the rainfall comes it causes flash floods drainage is an integrated concept of sustainable development.
which inundate urban area for quite a long time because the Based on this principle, development of drainages is not only
urban plain is covered by alluvium sediment that forms an meant to channel the rainwater, but also to contribute positively
impervious layer [1]. to social, economic and environmental aspects. The benefits of
Urban plain often has flood problem during rainy season. Eco-drainage other than flood prevention are that:
That happens because of deforestation on the hills causing the a. It increases the quality of standard water
water to flow directly to the urban area without any drainage b. It becomes recharge for groundwater
that channels the runoff to the sea or prevents if from gushing c. It develops recreation spots
into the paddy field area downstream. Urban plain area also d. It supports economic activity, and
has drought problem during the dry season because of no e. It evaluates the implementation of spatial planning.
The conventional drainage is basically in the form of 3. River side polder method. This is a method of retaining
conveyance. In conventional drainage (Fig. 2) the whole flowing water and managing the (rain) water surplus.
rainwater that falls on a particular place must be channeled into
the river as soon as possible, and further to the sea. This will
result in the fact that groundwater deposit decreases in such a
way that it will cause drought disaster in the future.
Figure 5
River Side-Polder
in the upstream and
Figure 2. central areas [3]
Figure 3
Rainwater Conservation m.a.t
Figure 7
Reclamation of Gullies
according to Kalekye system [6]
Figure 12 Sand Bag Check
Figure 8
Vegetation system with fish
scale holes. [7]
SUSILAWATICICILIALAURENTIA
StudyArea
Introduction Problem
Statement
Conceptand Concept
Strategy Strategy
WaterTrapSeriesforThe
HillyPart
Innovativeand PolderSystemforThe
Development UrbanCityPlain
LongStorageSystemfor
TheRiceFieldPlain
StudyArea
Themainproblemsofthisareaare:
Howtocopewiththeflashfloodand
droughtdisastersthatfrequentlyhappen,
causinglossesbothintheurbanareaandin
thericefieldarea
Howtodevelopaninnovativegreen
technologysystemtocopewiththeseflood
anddroughtproblemswhichincludesthe
ideaofenvironmentalconservation.
Concept:EcoDrainage
Nonconventionalengineeringproblemsolutionby
drainagecanalstoflowexcesswatertothesea
Anintegratedandsustainabledevelopment basedon
theprincipleofwaterconservationandenvironmental
aspecttocontributepositivelytosocial,economicand
environmental
Strategy:
Topercolatetheexcesswatertothesoilasa
groundwaterrecharge
Toconservethedrainwatertothepoldersystem
Tostorethebrackishwaterfromhightidetothelong
storagesystem
WaterTrapSeriesforTheHillyPart
Isaconstructiontotrapwaterthatflowsin
naturaldrainagegulliesorindriedupbrookswith
thepurposeofinhibitingthesurfacerunoff
Thewaterembankedinthetrapsispercolated
intothesoilasgroundwaterrecharge.
Thewaterthatoverflowsaroundthetrapcanbe
usedtoirrigateplantsaroundthetrap
construction
m.a.t
Laut
Laut
ReclamationofGullies
accordingtoKalekye system(Mutunga,2006)
topreventrunofffromflowingdirectly
downstreamandtothesea
totrapwaterbyseveralcheckdam
seriesalongthenaturaldrainagegullies
sothatitwillslowdowntheflowof
runoff
togivethechanceforwatertoinfiltrate
tothesoilasagroundwaterrecharge
Vegetationsystemwithfishscaleholesforsoil
andwaterconservationstrategy(WuBin,2006)
Logwatertrap
SandBagCheck
Watertrapofwiredstones
Watertrapofstackedlogs
Watertrapofbrickworks
MultiArchCheck
Strawwatertrapfor
soilnaturalgullies
PolderSystemforTheUrbanCityPlain
PlacedontheDownstreamGullies
notimmediatelydirectthefloodwaterintothe
seaortheriver,butintoaretentionpondthat
functionsasafloodbreakerandatthesametime
anurbanlakethatcanbeatourismdestination
thisurbanlakecanalsobeusedaswater
reservationforemergencyconditionwherewater
supplyisrunningout,forfireextinguishingandfor
freshwaterfishcultivation
LongStorageSystemforTheRiceFieldPlain
PlacedonTheRiceFieldPlainandSeashore
Toovercomethezonalproblemoflowland
downstreamcoastalareathatisoftenintrudedby
seawater
Performasimultaneoushandlingofthehilly
upstreamareaandthecentralareawiththeconcept
ofecodrainage
Thehandlingofdownstreamareawithfishskeleton
longstorage.Thisstorageismeanttocontrolthe
reversecurrentofthehightide,sothatthiswater
doesnotdisturbtheirrigationsystemforricefields.
Layout
System
InnovativeGreenTechnologyforMbay CityDrainage
System:
WaterTrapSeries:
Thesurfacerunoffthatmaycausefloodcanbecontrolledbyslowingit
down
Waterwillpercolateintosoilbecomeasgroundwaterrecharge,thatcan
becomesufficientwaterreservetoovercomedroughtinthedryseason
PolderSystemPlacedintheUrbanPlainArea:
Controlexcesswaterbyretentionpondasurbanlake
Canbeastourismdestination
LongStorageSystemPlacedintheRiceFieldPlainArea:
Controlbrackishwaterfromhightidebystoreitinthelongstorage
system
Canbeplantbrackishfishforincreaseeconomic