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Channel Configuration and Random Access

Overview
DCCH
UL-SCH PUSCH
DTCH
PUCCH
UL

CCCH RACH PRACH


DRS
SRS
MTCH
MCH PMCH
MCCH
Transport channels
Logical channels

RS
Upper Layers

Air interface
MAC

PHY
RLC

Synch
Overview - Channels

PDCCH
DL

DTCH
PCFICH
DCCH
DL-SCH
PHICH
CCCH
PCCH PCH PDSCH
BCCH BCH PBCH
DL Physical Channels Allocation
RS/DTX: Reference Signal
Occupies at least 8 RE per RB(84 RE for normal CP ) RB
throughout the whole system bandwidth
PSS/SSS: Primary/Secondary Synchronisation Signal
Occupies the central 72 subcarriers across 2
symbols
PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel
Occupies the central 72 subcarriers across 4
symbols
PCFICH: Physical Control Format Indication Channel
Occupies up to 16 RE per TTI
PHICH: Physical HARQ Indication Channel
Occupies 12 RE, and Tx during 1st symbol of each
TTI or alternativ during symbols 1 to 3 of each TTI
PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
Occupies the REs not used by PCFICH and PHICH
and Reference Signals within the first 1, 2 or 3
symbols of each TTI
PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Is allocated the RE not used by signals or other
physical channels
UL Physical Channels and Reference Signals
PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel
Intended for user data (carries traffic for multiple UEs) and control data
If control data is to be sent when traffic data is being transmitted, UE
multiplexes both streams together
CCCH DCCH DTCH Logical
PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel RLC
Carries H-ARQ Ack/Nack indications, uplink scheduling request, CQIs and
MIMO feedback
Only control information is sent. The UE uses Resources Element at the
edges of the channel RACH Transport

PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel UL-SCH MAC


SIB2 indicates the resource elements for PRACH use
System Information contains a list of allowed preambles (64 per cell) and the
required length of the preamble. PHYS.

DRS: Demodulation Reference Signal PRACH


PUSCH PUCCH
For uplink demodulation and channel estimate

SRS: Sounding Reference Signal (not included in RL30)


For uplink channel aware scheduling
Overview Control Information
CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK CQI, PMI, RI,
ACK/NACK
SR

eNode B

CQI: Channel Quality Indicator


PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator
DL control
RI: Rank Indicator
configuration
SR: Scheduling Request
1x per cell

RNTI
DL scheduling ACK: Acknowledgement
UL Grant
NACK: Negative Acknowledgement
UL Power Control
RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Indicator
n x per cell
HARQ: Hybrid Automatic Retransmission
reQuest
HARQ Info
Generic - Bandwidth
Channel bandwidth: Bandwidths ranging from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
Data subcarriers: They vary with the bandwidth
72 for 1.4MHz to 1200 for 20MHz

FDD Carrier Number of


Bandwidth PRB
[MHz]
1.4 6

3 15

5 25

10 50

15 75

20 100

ulChBw / dlChBw
Defines the UL and DL bandwidth and the
Nokia Huawei Ericssons
number of available Physical Resource Blocks
MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL; 5MHz(2), 10MHz(3), 15MHz(4), LNCEL dlChBw Cell DlBandWidth EUtranCellFDD dlChannelBandwidth
20MHz(5); 10 MHz(3) LNCEL ulChBw Cell UlBandWidth EUtranCellFDD ulChannelBandwidth
Generic - Carrier Frequency and Bandwidth (FDD)

... ...

EARFCN Bandwidth
100 kHz FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL NOffs-DL) NUL : earfcnUL UL: ulChBw
NDL : earfcnDL DL: dlChBw
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL NOffs-UL)

earfcnUL/ earfcnDL
Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
LNCEL; 0...65535; 1; -
Note: Supported bands RL30: Band 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,
10,18, 19, 20, 24

Nokia Huawei Ericssons


earfcnUL = earfcnDL + 18000 MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL earfcnUL Cell UlEarfcn EUtranCellFDD earfcnul
*Noffs-DL & Noffs-UL specified by LNCEL earfcnDL Cell DlEarfcn EUtranCellFDD earfcndl
TS 36.101 for each band
EUTRA Channel Numbers

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL NOffs-UL)

Example TSEL has band3 with eARFCN DL= 1875

FDL = 1805 MHz + 0.1 (1875 1200) MHz


= 1805 MHz + 0.1 (675) MHz
= 1872.5 MHz

EARFCN UL = EARFCN DL + 18000 = 19875


FUL = 1710 MHz + 0.1 (19875 19200) MHz
= 1710 MHz + 0.1 (675) MHz
Example (band 12) = 1777.5 MHz
FUL = 708 MHz = 698 MHz + 0.1 (23100 23000) MHz
FDL = 738 MHz = 728 MHz + 0.1 (5100 5000) MHz
Generic - Physical Layer Cell Id
Physical Layer Cell Identity is used to differentiate neighbor cells
It consists of the two parts; Physical layer Cell Identity Group and Physical layer Identity
Physical Layer Cell Identity = 3 x Physical layer Cell Identity Group + Physical layer Identity
Decoded during synchronization using primary and secondary sync signal
As a result of cell search the UE should acquire:
PHY cell ID
Strongest Signal
10ms and 5ms timing
CP length
Duplex mode (TDD/FDD)
Cell ID Group 0
(3 L1 ids) Primary
Synchronization Signal

phyCellId: Cell ID Group i


L1 id, slot (0/10)
168 Cell ID
Physical Cell Id groups
(3 L1 ids)

LNCEL; 0..503; 1; -
(Range; Step; Default) Secondary
Synchronisation Signal
Group 167

Nokia Huawei Ericssons Phy L Cell ID


MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter Physical Layer
Cell ID, Frame
LNCEL phyCellId Cell PhyCellId physicalLayerCellIdGroup * 3 + Alignment
physicalLayerSubCellId
EUtranCellFDD physicalLayerCellIdGroup
EUtranCellFDD physicalLayerSubCellId
Generic - Time Structure (Frame Type 1)
Radio frame = 10 ms

19 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0

subframe = 1 ms

f = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Normal Prefix

Slot = 15360 Ts = 500s


CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP
CP Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol

144 Ts = 4.69 s
160 Ts

f = 15 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix


CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol

512 Ts = 16.7 s
Tcp = Ncp Ts Symbol Tsym = 2048 Ts = 66.67 s

Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol (Time Domain Samples)


x2047-Ncp, x2047 x0, x1, , x2047 f = 7.5 kHz, UL/DL - Extended Prefix
CP Symbol CP Symbol CP Symbol

1024 Ts = 33.3 s
Generic Time Structure and CP length
Subframe length is 1 ms for all bandwidths
Slot length is 0.5 ms
1 Subframe= 2 slots
Slot carries 7 symbols with normal cyclic prefix or 6 symbols with
extended prefix
CP length depends on the symbol position within the slot:
Normal CP: symbol 0 in each slot has CP= 160 x Ts (5.21s and
remaining symbols CP= 144 x Ts ( 4.7s)
Extended CP: CP length for all symbols in the slot is 512 x Ts ( 16.67s)
Ts: sampling time of the overall
Short cyclic prefix: channel. Basic Time Unit.
1 sec
5.21 s Ts =
Subcarrier spacing X max FFT size
Long cyclic prefix:
1 sec
16.67 s =
= Data 15kHz X 2048

= Cyclic prefix Copy = 32.5nsec


DL Channels and Signals
RS
Synch
DL - Channels and Signals Overview

DCI PDCCH
CFI PCFICH
HI PHICH
Upper Layers

Air interface
RLC

PHY
MAC
MTCH
MCH PMCH
MCCH
DTCH
DCCH
DL-SCH PDSCH
CCCH
PCCH PCH
BCCH BCH PBCH
Synch Signals Time and Frequency
Slot id: 0 1 2 . . ..10.. ..19 0 1

DTX

Secondary Synchronisation Signal (SSS)

Primary Synchronisation Signal (PSS)

180 kHz

0.5 ms
PSS Primary Synchronisation Signal

Time slot (0.5 ms) syncronization


PSS placed strategically at the beginning and middle of frame
Estimation is vendor specific (matched filtering)
Frame ambiguity of 0.5 ms

Find physical layer cell ID


1 out of 3 sequences sent on PSS
1 to 1 mapping with the physical cell ID (table specified by 3GPP*)
The cell ID group not known yet

UE
eNodeB

* 3GPP TS 36.211
SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal

Frame (10 ms) synchronization


2 different sequences depending on the cell group are sent: SSS0 and SSS1
By observing the combination of pairs SSS0 and SSS1 the UE can identify either the
begining or the middle of the frame
Example: the sequence SSS0-PSS is indicating the begining of the frame, SSS1-PSS the
middle of the frame

Find physical layer cell ID group


Sequences SSS0 and SSS1 are mapped with the cell id group 1..168 (table specified by
3GPP*)
The combination of SSS0 and SSS1 is giving the cell ID group

* 3GPP TS 36.211
Sample PSS & SSS Decoding Result (QXDM)

PSS value : 0, 1 or 2 Cell ID decoded SSS on Pre and


with PSS and SSS Mid Frame
Reference Signals
Common Reference Signals (CRS):
Cell-specific
FDM/TDMuxed
Defined per antenna port
F-density 6 sub-carriers (or 3 sub-carriers if staggered structure is considered)
BW invariant mapping to REs
Used for:
Channel estimation (in case of CRS-based transmission with known/signaled
precoding)
Mobility measurements
Auxiliary UE functions like:
Time tracking
Frequency tracking
Cell ID verification
CP length verification
*Staggered structure with multiple antenna
ports (see next slide)
How Many Reference Signals? (1)

Frequency
First slot Second slot
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
In Frequency: 1 reference symbol to
every 6th subcarrier
In one RB (resource block = 12
subcarriers): every 3rd subcarrier
Exact position dependent on cell ID

Reference signal

*Normal CP (cyclic prefix) assumed

Time
In Time is fixed: 2 reference symbols per
Time slot (TS 0 & TS 4)
3GPP TS 36.211 V8.6.0 (2009-03)
Different Reference Signals Frequency Shift

Frequency
Shift = 0 Shift = 1 Shift = 5

Time
Reference signal
Cell-specific Reference Signals in Case of Multi-Antenna
Transmission

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1

Reference signal Unused symbol


Incremental Time-Frequency Structure of
Cell-specific Reference Signal

R0 R0
One antenna port

R0 R0

R0 R0

R0 R0
l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6
l=0 ...... 6, 0 .. 6

Resource Element (RE) k, l


Resource element (k,l)
Two antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1

R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port (DTX)
Not used for transmission on this antenna port

R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols (RS) on this antenna port
Reference symbols on this antenna port

R0 R0 R1 R1
l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6
l=0 ...... 6, 0 .. 6 l=0 ...... 6, 0 .. 6
Four antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6 l =0 l =6
Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3


Huawei - Reference Signals Power Setting
Cell Reference Signal power value can be tune with parameter PDSCHCfg.ReferenceSignalPwr for
Huawei.
Reference Signal power for Nokia and Ericssons EUTRAN calculated from Total Power and CRSGain
Parameter

Parameter Huawei Value Nokia Value Ericssons Value ZTE Value


CRS Power [PDSCHCfg] 18.2 dBm for N/A. - N/A. - [EUtranCellFDD] 12 dBm
ReferenceSignalPwr 20 watt 40000 cellReferenceSignalPower
CRS power 430 (20 watt) CRS power calculated from
calculated from 1000 (0 dB) [SectorEquipmentFunction] 300 (3 dB)
[LNCEL] pMax configuredOutputPower
and
[LNCEL] dlRsBoost And

[EUtranCellFDD] crsGain
PBCH Design Criteria

Detectable without the knowledge of system Bandwidth


mapped to the central 72 subcarriers
over 4 symbols
during second slot of each frame

Low system overhead & good coverage


Send minimum information only the MIB (Master Information Block)
SIBs (System Information Blocks) are sent on PDSCH

MIB (Master Information Block) content:


DL system Bandwidth
PHICH configuration (PHICH group number)
UE
System frame number SFN eNodeB
Physical Broadcast Channel
PBCH carriers essential system information like: The MIB is a 24 bit information :
DL BW configuration 3 bits for system bandwidth
PHICH configuration 3 bits for PHICH information,
1 bit to indicate normal or extended PHICH
System Frame Number (8 MSB bits) 2 bit to indicate the PHICH Ng value
PBCH enables blind detection of: 8 bits for system frame number
DL antenna configuration {1TX, 2TX, 4TX} via CRC masking* 10 bits are reserved for future use
40 ms timing (2 LSB bits of SFN) via 40ms scrambling

* for decoding the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)


each MIB is masked with a codeword representing the
number of transmit antenna ports.
Physical Layer Downlink
DL-Physical Data & Control Channels

PBCH One MIB (information bits + spare bits + CRC)

Code and rate-matching (repetition) to number of bits available on PBCH in 40 ms

Segmentation into four equal sized individually self-decodable units

40 ms transmission time interval of PBCH


Used bandwidth

6 RBs

One radio frame

PBCH

Synchronization signals
1 RB

Reserved for reference singals

Remark: PBCH does not use blocks reserved for reference signals

One subframe (2 slots) 1 ms


PBCH Mapping
Slot 0 Slot 1

Frequency
6 RBs 72 subcarriers = 1.4 MHz
(minimum LTE Bandwidth)
SSS

PSS

Reference signals

Unused RE

PBCH

Time

First Subframe (1 ms)


PBCH Repetition Pattern

one radio frame = 10 ms


72 subcarriers

Repetition Pattern of PBCH = 40 ms


Cell Search

1. PSS Primary Synchronisation Signal


(Time-slot & Frequency synchronisation
+ Physical cell id (0,1,2) )

2. SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal


(Frame synchronisation
+ Physical Cell id group (1..168) )

3. DL Reference Signals
(Channel estimation & measurements)
UE

eNodeB
4. PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
(MIB DL system bandwidth, PHICH
configuration)
Physical Layer Downlink
DL-Physical Data & Control Channels

PCFICH
General
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) carries the CFI (Control Format Indicator)
(Indicates the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission of control channel information in each subframe)
Carriers dedicated to MBSFN have no physical control channel and therefore no PCFICH
4 code words defined
3 CFIs used and one reserved for future use (see table below)
CFI CFI codeword <b0, b1, b2,b31> PCFICH information is 2 bits, with
1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1> coding rate = 1/16 --> then 2 bit will be
2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0> transmitted on 2 * 16
3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,> = 32 bit
= 16 RE (QPSK modulation)
4 (reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,>
= 4 REG
Transmitted
In the first OFDM symbol in a subframe
The 32 bits of the CFI are mapped to 16 REs using QPSK modulation
PCFICH is transmitted on the same antenna ports as the PBCH (1Tx, SFBC, SFBC-FSTD)
Cell specific offset is added
Cell specific scrambling
PCFICH Mapping to Resource Elements
The mapping is done in terms of quadruplets of modulation symbols for each antenna port
A quadruplet is defined as d(4i), d(4i+1), d(4i+2), d(4i+3)
Reference symbols REs are always reserved for at least 2Tx antennas
The four quadruplets shall be mapped to four resource element groups (REG) (aka mini-CCE) in the first OFDM symbol
Example: 72 subcarriers case (1.4 MHz):
frequency

Ant 0 d0 d1 d2 d3

Ant 1 -d1 * d0* -d3 * d2*

frequency frequency

Resource
element Ant 0 d0 d1
group Starting position depends
on cell id Ant 1 d2 d3
Distance between mini-CCEs
Ant 2 -d1 * d0*
k= (
NscRB )(
2 cell
NID DL
mod2NRB )
N RBDL 2 N scRB 2 Ant 3 -d3 * d2*
Sample PCFICH Decoding Result (QXDM)

Sub Frame CFI value,


number 0 to 9 1 means PDCCH size is one OFDM
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MO Parameter MO Parameter

PHICH LNCEL
LNCEL
phichDur
phichRes
PHICHCfg
PHICHCfg
PhichDuration
PhichResource

For HARQ ACK/NACK signaling the PHICH is deployed. Sequence


Index
Orthogonal sequence
Normal CP Extended CP
A PHICH is defined by its PHICH group number and an orthogonal sequence number within
0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
the group.
1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
PHICH modulation is BPSK. Applying I/Q separation and an SF=4 yields 8 orthogonal 2 +1 +1 -1 -1 +j +j
sequences for normal CP. SF 2 is in use in case of extended CP, hence there are 4 orthogonal 3 +1 -1 -1 +1 +j -j
sequences. I,e. in total there may be 8 .. 224 PHICHs in one subframe. 4 +j +j +j +j
Example: BW=15 subcarriers normal CP, Ng=1/6, 1 PHICH group. 12 symbols are to be 5 +j -j +j -j
transmitted. 6 +j +j -j -j
NRBDL : DL BW / RBs 7 +j -j -j +j

Ng = 1/6, 1/2, *1,* 2. setting: phichRes


e.g. 20 MHz
*Necessary with semi-persistent scheduling
phichRes phichRes 1/6 1/2 1 2
#PHICH groups #PHICH groups 3 7 13 25
LNCEL; 1/6; ; 1; 2; 1/6 # scheduled UE 24 56 104 200

N g N RB
( DL
8 ) for normal cyclic prefix
group
N = each PHICH group for normal CP has 8 orthogonal
2 N g N RB 8
( )
PHICH DL
for extended cyclic prefix sequence that means can support 8 user
3 PHICH groups = 3 * 8 user = 24 user
Number of RBs
each PHICH group have 12 symbols = 3 REG
More PHICH group, means more REG for PHICH
PHICH Association and Resource Indication
PhichDur
PHICH on symb. 1 / 1- 3
LNCEL; Normal (0), Extended (1); 1; Normal(0)
PHICH duration:
1 or 3 OFDM symbols in normal subframes (indicated via PBCH)
PHICH linked to UL PRB
Scattered grouping - spreads out the PHICH of adjacent PRBs to different PHICH groups
When DM-RS Cyclic Shift index is configured in UL grant, use DM-RS CS index as modifier to adjust PHICH
allocation
Avoid PHICH collision e.g. in case of UL MU-MIMO
Balance power among PHICH groups
PHICH indexing:
Both index of the group and within the group depend on first UL PRB index and UL DM-RS Cyclic Shift

DM-RS CS: Demodulation Reference Signal Cyclic Shift


PDCCH Overview
The PDCCH carries the UL & DL scheduling assignments
A PDCCH is transmitted on an aggregation of one 1, 2, 4 or 8 control channel elements (CCE). A CCE consists
of 36 REs (9 REG)
The aggregations of CCEs have a tree structure, where an aggregation consisting of n CCEs starts on position
(i mod n), where i is the CCE number
Further restrictions on the aggregations are defined with a Hashing function

pdcchAggDefUE
PDCCH LA UE default aggregation;
used, when enableAmcPdcch disabled
or no valid CQI exists PDCCH Number of Number of resource- Number of
format CCEs element groups PDCCH bits
LNCEL; 1(0), 2 (1), 4 (2), 8 (3); -; 4 (2) 0 1 9 72
1 2 18 144
2 4 36 288
3 8 72 576
DL - L1/L2 control info: PDCCH Resources

The MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH parameter defines how many OFDM symbols can be used.
eNB selects the actual value for each TTI, which is signaled to UE in PCFICH.
Range: 1, 2, 3 (BW > 1.4 MHz); maxNrSymPdcch
Range: 2, 3, 4 (BW = 1.4 MHz) LNCEL; 1..3; 1; 3
setting: maxNrSymPdcch
Example shows dynamic case for MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=3 (yellow)

Nokia Huawei Ericssons


MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL maxNrSymPdcch CellPdcchAlgo InitPdcchSymNum EUtranCellFDD nrOfSymbolsPdcch
LNCEL actLdPdcch CellPdcchAlgo PdcchSymNumSwitch EUtranCellFDD pdcchCfiMode
LNCEL enableAmcPdcch CellPdcchAlgo PdcchAggLvlCLAdjustSwitch
Downlink Control Information (DCI)
A DCI transports control information for one MAC ID, which is implicitly signaled in the CRC.
Format 0
Used for defining the transmission of PUSCH assignments
Format 1
Used for defining the transmission of PDSCH assignments for single codeword (SCW) operation
Format 1A
Compact form for the transmission of PDSCH assignments for SCW operation*. Has same size as format 0
Format 1B
Compact form like 1A but supports closed-loop rank 1 precoding
Format 1C
Signaling for PCH, RACH & BCCH on DL SCH (aka dynamic BCCH)
Format 1D
Like DCI 1A but supports power offsets for DL MU-MIMO and TPMI
Format 2
Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Closed-Loop MIMO operation
Format 2A
Used for defining the transmission of DL-SCH assignments for Open-Loop MIMO operation
Format 3
Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0
Format 3A
Used for TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments. Has same size as format 0

DCI Format 1 (all): DCI formats 2 & 2A:


PDSCH resource assignment provide PDSCH assignments
for closed loop or open loop
when no Spatial Multiplexing used
spatial multiplexing
* allocating a dedicated preamble signature
to a UE for contention-free random access
Sample PDCCH decoding Result (QXDM)

Aggregation Level DCI format Start CCE


0 PUSCH Assignment
2A DL SCH Assignment for Open Loop MIMO
Sample PDCCH decoding Result (QXDM)
Physical Layer Downlink Summary
DL-Physical Data & Control Channel

Frequency

SSS

PSS

PBCH

PCFICH

PHICH

PDCCH

Reference signals

PDSCH UE1

PDSCH UE2 Time


Exercise: PDCCH Resources
Task:
Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=2
Ng = 1/6

Calculate the number of available PDCCHs.


Assume for frequency of occurancies of different aggregation levels (AL)
AL4 is 2 times the frequency of AL8
AL2 is 2 times the frequency of AL4
AL1 is 1/2 times the frequency of AL2
Solution: PDCCH Resources
Task:
Consider cell configuration: BW=50 PRB, 2 antenna ports, normal CP
MaximumNumberOfOFDMSymbolsForPDCCH=2
Ng = 1/6

Calculate the max number of PDCCHs.

Solution:
- 1st symbol yields 2 REGs per PRB x 50 PRB = 100 REGs (because of the reference signals)
- 2nd yields 3 x 50 = 150 REGs. Total: 250 REGs. (no reference signals )
- 4 REGs for PCFICH, 2x3=6 for PHICH 240 REGs remain for PDCCH
- 240 div 9 = 26 CCEs are available
- For 1 distribution 1xAL8 + 2xAL4 + 4xAL2+2xAL1

Assumption: aggregation level 8 = 1x


- Aggregation level 8 1x = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 4 2x = 2 * 4 CCEs = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 2 2 * (2x) = 4x = 4 * 2 CCEs = 8 CCEs
- Aggregation level 1 0.5 * 4x = 2x = 2 * 1 CCE = 2 CCEs

Total PDCCH = 1 AL8 + 2 AL4 + 4 AL2 + 2 AL 1 =1 + 2 + 4 + 2 = 9 PDCCH

26 CCEs are consumed for 9 PDCCH.


UL Channels and Signals
UL Channel Mapping

Upper Layers

RLC
CCCH

DCCH
DTCH

MAC
UL-SCH

RACH
UCI

PHY
PUCCH
PUSCH

PRACH

DRS

SRS
Air interface
UE Channel state information (CSI) feedback types in LTE

The purpose of CSI feedback is to provide the eNodeB information about DL


channel state to help in the scheduling decision.
Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main new feature in the channel feedback is
the frequency selectivity of the report
CSI is measured by the UE and signaled to the eNodeB using PUCCH or PUSCH

(1) eNodeB
transmission
Channel state information in LTE can be divided into three categories:
CQI - Channel Quality Indicator
RI - Rank Indicator (2) UE CSI
measurement
PMI - Precoding Matrix Indicator (3) UE
In general the CSI reported by the UE is just a recommendation feedback

The eNodeB does not need to follow it

The corresponding procedure for providing UL channel state information is called


Channel Sounding; it is done using the Sounding Reference Symbols, SRS (not
considered in this presentation)
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)

CQI index modulatio coding rate x efficiency


n 1024

0 out of range
The most important part of channel feedback is the CQI 1 QPSK 78 0.1523

The CQI is defined as a table containing 16 entries with modulation 2 QPSK 120 0.2344

and coding schemes (MCSs) 3 QPSK 193 0.3770

4 QPSK 308 0.6016


The UE shall report back the highest CQI index corresponding to the 5 QPSK 449 0.8770
MCS for which the transport block BLER shall not exceed 10% 6 QPSK 602 1.1758

7 16QAM 378 1.4766

8 16QAM 490 1.9141

9 16QAM 616 2.4063

10 64QAM 466 2.7305

11 64QAM 567 3.3223

12 64QAM 666 3.9023


UE reports highest MCS that it can
decode with a TB Error rate < 10% 13 64QAM 772 4.5234

taking into account UEs receiver 14 64QAM 873 5.1152


characteristic 15 64QAM 948 5.5547

* Efficiency is defined as number of bits


per resource elements
Rank Indicator (RI)

Rank Indicator is only relevant when the UE is operating in MIMO modes with spatial
multiplexing
For single antenna operation or TX diversity it is not used
RI is the UEs recommendation for the number of layers to be used in spatial multiplexing
The RI can have values {1 or 2} with 2-by-2 antenna configuration and {1, 2, 3, or 4} with
4-by-by antenna configuration
The RI is always associated to one or more CQI reports

riEnable
Determines whether RI reporting is
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enabled (true) or not (false)
MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL; true (1); false(0); false (0) LNCEL riEnable CellDlschAlgo DlRankDetectSwitch
Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI)
PMI provides information about the preferred Precoding Matrix
Just like RI, also PMI is relevant to MIMO operation only
MIMO operation with PMI feedback is called Closed Loop MIMO

* PMI to support CL
Spatial Mux MIMO

Example: codebook for 2 TX antennas


Periodic and Aperiodic Reporting
The channel feedback reporting in LTE is divided into two main categories:
Periodic and Aperiodic CQIAperEnable
cqiPerNp enabling / disabling aperiodic CQI
CQI periodicity /RI/PMI reporting on PUSCH.
LNCEL; 2; 5; 10; 20; 20 ms LNCEL; false/true; true

Periodic reporting Aperiodic Reporting


The baseline mode for CQI/PMI/RI Aperiodic reports are explicitly
transmission is periodic reporting on triggered by the eNodeB using a
PUCCH specific bit in the PDCCH UL grant
If the UE is scheduled to send UL data in Aperiodic report can be either
the subframe where it should transmit piggybacked with data or sent alone
periodic CQI/PMI/RI, the periodic report is on PUSCH
moved to PUSCH and multiplexed with data
Possibility for large and detailed
The eNodeB configures the periodicity reports (up to more than 60 bits)
parameters
The two modes can also be used to complement
The size of a single report is limited up to each other:
about 11 bits depending on the reporting - The UE can be e.g. configured to send
mode Aperiodic reports only when it is scheduled,
while periodic reports can provide coarse
channel information on a regular basis
Limited amount of frequency information
Categorization of CQI/PMI/rank reporting options
cqiAperMode
Aperiodic CQI feedback mode The maximum number of feedback bits
LNCEL; FBT1(0) familly modes 2-x, FBT2(1)- familiy modes 3-x for each option Assuming 20 MHz BW
(x defined by MIMO algorithm internal in eNodeB); FBT2 (1) and 4*4 CL MIMO is listed excluding RI
- With Periodic reporting RI is sent in
Single or Multi-PMI = closed loop separate subframes with potentially
MIMO with PMI feedback LTE CQI reporting larger periodicity
No PMI = Single antenna, TxDiv or - In Aperiodic reporting The RI is
OL MIMO family tree separately coded with each CQI/PMI
report

Periodic Aperiodic

Wideband Frequency selective Single CQI Best-M Average Full Feedback

Multi PMI No PMI Multi-PMI No PMI Single PMI


No PMI Single PMI No PMI Single PMI
1-2 Mode 2-0 Mode 2-2 Mode 3-0 Mode 3-1
Mode 1-0 Mode 1-1 Mode 2-0 Mode 2-1 *See TS 36.213
60 bits 24 bits 38 bits 30 bits 64 bits
4 bits 11 bits 6 bits 11 bits
CQI Aperiodic Reporting on PUSCH (1/2)

Compared to the WCDMA/HSPA, the main new feature in the channel feedback is the frequency selectivity
of the report
This is an enabler for the Frequency Domain packet Scheduling (FDPS)
Since providing a full 4-bit CQI for all the PRBs would mean excessive UL signaling overhead, some feedback
compression schemes are used
In order to reduce feedback, the CQI is reported per subband basis
The size of the subbands varies depending on the reporting mode and system bandwidth
The main compression methods are:
Wideband feedback
Best-M average also called UE selected subband feedback
Full Feedback also called Higher Layer Configured subband feedback
Additionally, Delta compression can be used
E.g. in MIMO case the CQI for the 2nd Code Word can be signaled as a 3-bit delta relative to the CQI of the CQI of
the 1st CW
CQI Aperiodic Reporting on PUSCH (2/2)
Wideband feedback
Only a single CQI value is fed back for the whole system band
Cannot be utilized in FDPS (Frequency Domain Packet Scheduler)
Best-M average also called UE selected sub-band feedback
For the M best sub-band an average CQI value is reported
M = 3 best Subbands are selected and an average CQI value is reported

BW / Sub- # best
An example of Best-M RB band Sub-
Average reporting with size bands
Channel SINR
3 MHz BW (15 RBs (RBs) M
means that the sub- 6-7 NA NA
band size is 2 RBs
8-10 2 1
and the best 3 sub-
bands are reported) 11-26 2 3
27-63 3 5
64-110 4 6
Subband index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PRB index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Full Feedback also called Higher Layer Configured sub-band feedback


A separate CQI is reported for each sub-band using Delta compression
CQI Reporting Config Sample message
RRCConnectionSetup TS36.213 (Tables 7.2.2-1A and 7.2.2-1B).
CQI Periodic Reporting on PUCCH or PUSCH

Wideband feedback or UE selected sub-band


Period configurable
cqiPerNp
2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 ms CQI periodicity
Wideband feedback similar to aperiodic reporting LNCEL; 2; 5; 10; 20; 40; 80; 20 ms

UE selected sub-band:
A single CQI result per report
The total number of sub-bands is divided into J fractions called bandwidth parts
Only the best sub-band per BW part is reported
Example: for 3 MHz there are 4 RBs per sub-band so there are 15/4 = 4 sub-bands. Those 4 sub-bands are divided into 2 BW parts
which means that there are 2 sub-bands per BW part.*
Configured by higher layer signaling
BW / RB Subband BW Parts (J)
Size k Nokia Huawei
(RBs) MO Parameter MO Parameter
6-7 NA NA LNCEL cqiPerNp CqiAdaptiveCfg UserCqiPeriodCfg
CqiAdaptiveCfg PucchPeriodicCqiOptSwitch
8-10 4 1 LNCEL actULGrpHop PUSCHCfg GroupHoppingEnabled
PUSCHCfg GroupAssignPUSCH
11-26 4 2
LNCEL deltaPucchShift PUCCHCfg DeltaShift
27-63 6 3 LNCEL pucchnanCS PUSCHCfg CyclicShift
* A sub-band index is also signaled LNCEL nCqiRb PUCCHCfg CqiRbNum
64-110 8 4
Uplink Control Signaling:
PUCCH vs. PUSCH Single carrier limitations:
Simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and PUSCH is
not allowed. Separate control resources for the cases
with and without UL data are required

PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared


Used when the UE is not sending data Channel)
simultaneously Used when the UE transmits also
Shared frequency and time resource data
reserved exclusively for the UEs
transmitting only L1/L2 control signals UE-specific resource that can be
used for L1/L2 control signaling
Optimized for large number of (based on scheduling decisions
simultaneous UEs with relatively small
number of control signaling bits per UE made by Node B)
(111) Capable to transmit control signals
Very high multiplexing capacity, with large range of supported
spectral efficiency e.g. control sizes (1 64 bits)
18 UEs/RB transmitting ACK/NACK TDM between control and data
(PUCCH Format 1a/1b)
(multiplexing is made prior DFT)
6 UEs/RB transmitting 11-bit CQI + 2-
bit A/N (PUCCH Format 2b)
*TDM = Time Domain Multiplexing
Zadoff-Chu Sequence

Zadoff-Chu sequences are used as


UL demodulation and sounding Reference Signals
Random Access preamble sequence
DL primary synchronization signal
ZC sequence are CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation) sequence
Low cubic metric and flat frequency response
The elements of ZC sequences are points from unit circle
It is possible to create ZC sequences of any length with relatively simple formulas depending on sequence length,
different number of base/root sequences can be formed
Sequence with prime number of elements is optimal
Root sequence can be considered as circular. Different cyclic shift of a root sequence can be obtained by changing the starting element
Cyclic shift must be larger than time ambiguity of received sequence
UL Reference Signal
Overview
UL DMRS allocation per slot for normal
cyclic prefix
Type of UL Reference Signals
Demodulation Reference Signals (DM RS)
PUSCH/PUCCH data estimation
Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)
Mainly UL channel estimation UL

DMRS is characterized by :
Sequence (Zadoff Chu codes)
Sequence Length: equal to the # of subcarriers use
Sequence group:
30 options
Cell specific parameter

Cyclic Shift: UE and cell specific parameter


Group Hopping for UL Reference Signal

This feature randomizes the sequence used to generate the


Demodulation Reference Signals for the PUCCH
Demodulation Reference Signals for the PUSCH
Sounding Reference Signals

Helps to improve performance when the PCI mod 30 rule was not followed during PCI planning process
Reduces risk of potential issues caused by cross-talk between neighboring cells

UE are informed whether group hopping is enabled or disabled using SIB2 content

actULGrpHop
Activation of uplink group hopping
LNCEL; 0 (False); 1 (True); 0 False

Nokia Huawei
MO Parameter MO Parameter
LNCEL actULGrpHop PUSCHCfg GroupHoppingEnabled
PUCCH, basics
PUCCH (from single-UE perspective)
Frequency resource of one RB
Time resource of one sub-frame (A/N repetition is also supported)
Slot based frequency hopping is always used
It provides the sufficient degree of frequency diversity
Hopping takes place on the band edges, symmetrically over the center
frequency
Multiplexing between UEs
FDM btw RBs Resource block

CDM inside the RB


system
PUCCH
bandwidth

* FDM = Frequency Division Multiplexing


CDM = Code Division Multiplexing
A/N = ACK/NACK slot
PUCCH, UE Multiple Access Within a RB

UEs are separated using of CDM (within an RB) deltaPucchShift


delta cyclic shift for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b
Two orthogonal CDM techniques are applied on PUCCH LNCEL; 1..3; 1; 2 (i.e. 6 cyclic shifts)

CDM using cyclic shifts of CAZAC* sequence


CDM using block-wise spreading with the orthogonal cover sequence
Nokia Huawei
MO Parameter MO Parameter
Multiplexing example: PUCCH Format 1/1a/1b (e.g., A/N) LNCEL deltaPucchShift PUCCHCfg DeltaShift

Both CDM techniques are in use -> 18 parallel resources


block-wise spreading

SF = 3 for Reference Signals and SF = 4 for ACK/NACK


Cyclic Orthogonal cover code
SF = Spreading Factor shift 0 1 2
SF=4 0 0 12
1 6
2 1 13
SF=3 3 7
CDM in 4 2 14
5 8
CS 6 3 15
RS RS RS
domain 7 9
8 4 16
slot 9 10
*CDM = Code Division Multiplexing 10 5 17
11 11

*) The applied sequences are not true CAZAC but computer


searched Zero-Autocorrelation (ZAC) sequences
PUCCH Formats

Format 1/1a/1b
Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation + block-wise spreading -> 1 symbol (1 or 2 bits per slot)
Format 2/2a/2b
Length-12 CAZAC sequence modulation (& no block-wise spreading) -> 5 symbols per slot

PUCCH formats Control type Number of Bits Multiplexing Capacity (UE/RB)


PUCCH Format 1 Scheduling request ON/OFF keying 36, *18, 12
PUCCH Format 1a 1-bit ACK/NACK 1 36, *18, 12
PUCCH Format 1b 2-bit ACK/NACK 2 36, *18, 12
PUCCH Format 2 CQI 20 12, *6, 4
PUCCH Format 2a CQI + 1-bit ACK/NACK 21 12,* 6, 4
PUCCH Format 2b CQI + 2-bit ACK/NACK 22 12, *6, 4

*typical value
Mapping of logical PUCCH resources into physical PUCCH
resources
Periodic CQI is located at the outermost RBs
These resources are allocated explicitly via RRC
SR and persistent A/N are next to Periodic CQI
These resources are allocated explicitly via RRC
Dynamic A/N is located at the innermost PUCCH RBs
Allocated implicitly based on PDCCH allocation

m = 0 & 1 may contain formats m=1 m=0


2/2a or 2b (e.g. CQI) -> fixed m=3 m=2
allocation

m = 2 & 3 may contain system


PUCCH
formats 1/1a or 1b (e.g. ACK) bandwidth
-> dynamic allocation

m=2 m=3
m=0 m=1

slot
PUCCH Dimensioning (1/2)
Scope: Dimensioning of the PUCCH region (how many RBs) to avoid excessive
overheads
Necessary to calculate how many PUCCH resources (m) are needed for
Formats1.x and Formats 2.x
PUCCH Dimensioning (2/2)
Total number of Resources required for PUCCH is the sum of the resources required for scheduling requests, for
CQI and for Dynamic ACK/NACK:
MaxPucchResourceSize = nCqiRb + roundup {[((maxNumOfCce) + n1PucchAn pucchnanCS * 3 /
deltaPucchShift ) * deltaPucchShift] / (3*12)} + roundup (pucchnanCS / 8)
deltaPucchShift
pucchnanCS delta cyclic shift for PUCCH
nCqiRb formats 1/1a/1b
reserved RBs per slot for Number of cyclic shifts for
PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b LNCEL; 1..3; 1; 2
PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b
LNCEL; 1..98; 1; 2 in the mixed region
LNCEL; 0..7; 1; 0
(0 means no use of mixed
formats )

n1PucchAn
Offset to calculate ACK/NACK
resources from PDCCH CCE
LNCEL; 0..2047; 1; 36
Recommended special value: 10 to have a high
UL Throughput. With that value only one
PUCCH PRB is used for SR and dynamic
ACK/NACK. That means, the second PRB is for
CQI

maxNumOfCce depends on dlChBw parameter:


- if dlChBw is 5MHz then maxNumOfCce is 21
- if dlChBw is 10MHz then maxNumOfCce is 43
- if dlChBw is 15MHz then maxNumOfCce is 65
- if dlChBw is 20MHz then maxNumOfCce is 87
Sample PUCCH Tx Report (QXDM)

PUCCH Send on
RB 0 slot 0 and RB 49 slot 1
Sounding Reference Signal
UE scheduling & SRS Configuration

The SRS configurations provide


UEs by two SRS classes which are
introduced by feature:

SRS class
that assigns a multitude of
resources for a limited number of
UEs
that provides sufficient SRS
resources for the proper
scheduling of the UEs
UE specific channel state
information (CSI) is derived
from:
- PUSCH
- sounding reference signals
(SRS)
SRS Configuration
The operator can choose an SRS configuration from a given set of predefined configurations tailored for
the usable PUSCH spectrum - srsConfiguration
The SRS resources which are selected for the UEs are assigned by means of the RRC Connection
Reconfiguration and RRC Connection Reestablishment messages.
The usage of measurements from SRS in closed loop uplink power control can be enabled/disabled by
setting the parameter Include SRS measurements In CL power control (ulpcSrsEn).


SRS Bandwidths
Wideband SRS Transmission Narrowband SRS Transmission
(Non Frequency hopping SRS ) (Frequency hopping SRS ) System bandwidths 4060 RBs.
Subframe 1 Subframe 6 Subframe 1 Subframe 2 SRS BW SRS SRS SRS SRS
config. BW0 BW1 BW2 BW3

0 48 24 12 4

More 1 48 16 8 4
wideband
16 RBs

SRS 2 40 20 4 4
bandwidth
3 36 12 4 4
= 4 RBs 3
= 12 RBs
4 32 16 8 4

5 24 4 4 4

6 20 4 4 4

7 16 4 4 4
Minimum Narow
SRS bandwidth
Sounding reference signal
= 4 RBs
Random Access
Overview
Random access procedure is performed for the following events:
Initial access from RRC_IDLE
RRC Connection Re-establishment procedure
Handover
DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure
UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure
E.g. when UL synchronisation status is "non-synchronised" or there are no PUCCH resources for
SR available
It takes two distinct forms:
Contention based (applicable to all five events);
Non-contention based (applicable to only handover and DL data arrival)
Normal DL/UL transmission can take place after the random access procedure
In total there are 64 preambles per cell (pooled into 2 groups)
Preambles are grouped to indicate the length of the needed resource.
A number of preambles are reserved for contention-free access
Multiplexing of PRACH with PUSCH and PUCCH
PRACH slot
Duration( e.g. 1ms)

PUCCH
Total UL Bandwidth

PRACH PRACH PRACH


bandwidth
(1.08MHz)

PUSCH
PRACH slot period

PUCCH Time
PRACH Subcarriers

UE sends the preamble to the network on PRACH


PRACH occupies 6 RBs in a sub frame (or set of
consecutive subframes) reserverd for sending
random access preamble to the network

The length of TCP (Cyclic Prefix), TPRE (Peamble)


and TGT (Guard Time) depends on the preamble
form

PRACH reserved PRBs cannot be used by


PUSCH. i.e they are out of scope for scheduling
for data transmission
PRACH Types

PRACH configuration index ( see next slides)


parameter selects one of the 4 types
Example timing for type 0:

DL timing (eNB)
1 ms
0.1 ms 0.8 ms

UE Tx

CP Preamble GT eNB Rx
PRACH Types
PRACH types:
Type 0: 1 ms duration
Type 1: 2 ms
Type 2: 2 ms Format type 0 & type 1 supported
in RL30
Type 3: 3 ms
PRACH Configuration
Type, time and frequency resources are defined by:
prachConfIndex prachFreqOff
PRACH configuration index: LNCEL; 3..24;1; 3 PRACH frequency offset: First PRB available for PRACH in UL
Range is restricted to two different LNCEL; 0...94;1; 3
ranges: 3-8 and 19-24 (internal) RA RA
nPRB = nPRB offset
Max. value is ulChBw(in PRB) - 6

PRACH can be placed either on lower or upper edge


of the bandwidth
Therefore the possible range for prachFreqOffset is
RA UL
0 nPRBoffset N RB 6
.

If PRACH area is placed at the lower border of UL


frequency band then:

If PRACH area is placed at the lower border of UL


frequency band then:

*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.1-2


PRACH Configuration Parameter

Nokia Huawei Ericssons


Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter MO Parameter
PRACH Configuration LNCEL prachConfIndex RACHCfg PrachConfigIndexCfgInd
RACHCfg PrachConfigIndex
LNCEL prachFreqOff RACHCfg PrachFreqOffset
RA Procedure LNCEL raContResoT RACHCfg ContentionResolutionTimer
LNCEL raSmallVolUl RACHCfg MessageSizeGroupA
RA Power Ramping LNCEL ulpciniPrePwr RACHCfg PreambInitRcvTargetPwr EUtranCellFDD preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower
LNCEL prachPwrRamp RACHCfg PwrRampingStep
LNCEL preambTxMax RACHCfg PreambleTransMax
LNCEL deltaPreMsg3 CellUlpcComm DeltaPreambleMsg3
Preamble Generation LNCEL rootseqIndex Cell RootSequenceIdx EUtranCellFDD rachRootSequence
LNCEL prachCS Cell CellRadius EUtranCellFDD cellRange
LNCEL prachHsFlag ENodeBAlgoSwitch HighSpeedRootSeqCSSwitch
LNCEL raNondedPreamb RACHCfg RandomPreambleRatio EUtranCellFDD cfraEnable
LNCEL raPreGrASize RACHCfg RaPreambleGrpARatio
LNCEL raSmallVolUl RACHCfg MessageSizeGroupA
LNCEL raMsgPoffGrB
Random Access Procedure
RA Procedure
Random access procedure handled by MAC and PHY Layer through PRACH (in UL) and PDCCH ( in DL)
RACH only carries the preambles and occupies 6 resource blocks in a subframe
Process:
UEs selects randomly a preamble from the list of preambles broadcasted in the BCCH
UE calculates OLPC parameters ( Initial Tx Power)
Checks contention parameters (i.e. max. number of retries)
UE transmits initial RACH and waits for a response before retry. Open loop PC ensures that each retry will be
at a higher power level.
Upon receipt of successful UL RACH preamble, eNB calculates power adjustment and timing advance
parameters together with an UL capacity grant ( so UE can send more info )

PRACH
Not detected response

DL
Next On the resources indicated by PDCCH
PRACH
resource
UL PUSCH: UE specific data
Preamble Preamble
RA Procedure
The contention based random access procedure follows these steps: raRespWinSize
Window size for RA response (in TTI)
(1) A preamble will be selected by UE and transmitted in the available subframe. LNCEL; 2 (0), 3 (1), 4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (4),
7 (5), 8 (6), 10 (7); 10 TTIs (7)
Based on correlation the eNB may detect the access and furthermore can
measure the timing of the UE transmission.
(2) The eNB answers using the same preamble and at this point a timing advance UE eNB
will be fixed. Information on the scheduled resource will be exchanged and a
temporary C-RNTI will be assigned.
Random Access Preamble
(3) The UE sends its id. The type of id depends on the state. In case of idle state 1

NAS info has to be provided (IMSI, TMSI) else the C-RNTI is used.
(4) The contention resolution is performed, i.e. the eNB addresses the UE using Random Access Response 2
the C-RNTI.

3 Scheduled Transmission

raContResoT Contention Resolution 4


ulpcRarespTpc Max. Time for cont. resol.
TPC command indicated in message 2 LNCEL; 8ms (0), 16ms (1), 24ms (2),
related to message 3 power 32ms (3), 40ms (4), 48ms (5), 56ms (6),
LNCEL; -6...8dB;2dB; 0dB 64ms (7); 32ms (3)
RA Procedure

The contention free random access procedure


E.g. during handover a temporary valid preamble will be issued.
It is (temporarily) dedicated to this UE.
No contention resolution is needed as the preamble shall not be used by other UEs.
Random Access Power Ramping
RA Power Ramping
PPRACH = min{ Pmax, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PATHLOSS}

prachPwrRamp
Power increment step
LNCEL; 0dB (0), 2dB (1), 4dB (2),
6dB (3); 2dB (1)
BCH information

UE sets the initial transmission power of


RACH and send preamble signal preambTxMax
Max. RA transmissions
LNCEL; 3 (0), 4 (1), 5 (2), 6 (3), 7 (4), 8 (5),
Preamble (RACH) 10 (6), 20 (7); 8 (5)
Values 50 (8), 100 (9), 200 (10) also defined
Preamble (RACH)
but should not be used
Preamble (RACH)

PDCCH ulpcIniPrePwr
Initial received target power
Random access message
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), -116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -
(UL-SCH)
112 dBm (4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106 dBm (7), -104 dBm
(8), -102 dBm (9), -100 dBm (10), -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm (12), -94
dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90 dBm (15); -104 dBm (8)
Preamble Generation
Preamble Generation

64 preambles made of Zadoff-Chu sequences with zero correlation zone:


given by the logical index RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE
Zadoff Chu sequence u is given by
un ( n +1)
j
xu (n ) = e N ZC
, 0 n N ZC 1
xu ,v (n) = xu ((n + Cv ) mod N ZC )

ZC sequence of length 839 (prime number) is used


838 different root sequences available. (PRACH Root Sequence). Also different cyclic shifts can be used
depending on cell size
Sub-carrier spacing is 1.25 kHz

rootSeqIndex
LNCEL;0837;1; 0

*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2-4


Preamble Generation
Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order
First: take all available cyclic shifts of one root for preamble formats 0 3.:
Zadoff-Chu sequence:
If not enough: take next logical index and so on

prachCS
Preamble cyclic shift (Ncs configuration)
LNCEL;015;1; 0
Restricted set (high speed) in RL40

prachHSFlag
Unrestricted or restricted (high speed) set selection
LNCEL; true, false; false
Only unrestricted set could be selected in RL30

Cyclic shift given by

vN CS v = 0,1,..., N ZC N CS 1, N CS 0 for unrestricted sets



Cv = 0 N CS = 0 for unrestricted sets

d start v nshift + ( v mod nshift ) N CS
RA RA RA RA RA
v = 0,1,..., nshift ngroup + nshift 1 for restricted sets

*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2-2


Preamble generation

-Exercise
Consider a cell of 37 km radius.
Provide a sensitive setting for the cell size dependent parameters
Support of high speed users

If prachHsFlag = true the following rootSeqIndex values can be selected depending on prachCS (restricted set)

Cell range Required amount of prachCS Possible range for rootSeqIndex


root sequences
< 1.0 km 4 0 24...816
< 1.4 km 6 1 30810
< 2.0 km 6 2 36804
< 2.6 km 8 3 42796
< 3.4 km 9 4 52787
< 4.3 km 11 5 64779
< 5.4 km 14 6 76764
< 6.7 km 17 7 90749
< 8.6 km 20 8 116732
< 10.6 km 26 9 136704
< 13.2 km 32 11 168676
< 17.2 km 44 11 204526
< 21.5 km 64 12 264566
< 27.7 km 64 13 328498
< 32.8 km 64 14 384450
Preamble generation High Speed Case

high-
speed set With
preamble
no delay spread delay spread = 5,2 s guard
NCs sign. per
Configuration NCS root seq. #root seq. s km s km Guard NCS s km s km
0 15 18 4 14.3 2.15 9.1 1.37 2.25 12.75 12.2 1.82 7.0 1.04
1 18 15 6 17.2 2.57 12.0 1.79 2.25 15.75 15.0 2.25 9.8 1.47
2 22 12 6 21.0 3.15 15.8 2.37 2.25 19.75 18.8 2.82 13.6 2.04
3 26 10 8 24.8 3.72 19.6 2.94 2.25 23.75 22.6 3.40 17.4 2.62
4 32 8 9 30.5 4.58 25.3 3.80 2.25 29.75 28.4 4.26 23.2 3.48
5 38 7 11 36.2 5.44 31.0 4.66 2.25 35.75 34.1 5.11 28.9 4.33
6 46 6 14 43.9 6.58 38.7 5.80 2.25 43.75 41.7 6.26 36.5 5.48
7 55 4 17 52.4 7.87 47.2 7.09 2.25 52.75 50.3 7.54 45.1 6.76
8 68 4 20 64.8 9.73 59.6 8.95 2.25 65.75 62.7 9.40 57.5 8.62
9 82 3 26 78.2 11.73 73.0 10.95 2.25 79.75 76.0 11.41 70.8 10.63
10 100 2 32 95.4 14.30 90.2 13.52 2.25 97.75 93.2 13.98 88.0 13.20
11 128 2 44 122.1 18.31 116.9 17.53 2.25 125.75 119.9 17.99 114.7 17.21
12 158 1 64 150.7 22.60 145.5 21.82 2.25 155.75 148.5 22.28 143.3 21.50
13 202 1 64 192.6 28.89 187.4 28.11 2.25 199.75 190.5 28.57 185.3 27.79
14 237 1 64 226.0 33.90 220.8 33.12 2.25 234.75 223.8 33.58 218.6 32.80
Support of high speed users

If prachHsFlag = true then hsScenario must be configured

hsScenario: defines highspeed scenario for a cell. Scenario


1 (open space scenario) and scenario 3 (tunnel scenario).
Scenarios are described in 36.141 Annex B.3
Preambles - Contention and Non-Contention

64 preambles
per cell

raNondedPreamb Remaining are Non


Total number of non dedicated RA
preambles Contention Based
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13),
60 (14), 64 (15); 1 ; 40 (9) Contention Non Contention
Based Based

Non-Dedicated Dedicated
preambles preambles
Type A and B Grouping of Preambles

The contention based Random Access preambles are grouped into:


Type A - for requesting a normal UL resource.
Type B - for requesting a larger resource due to Message Size AND Pathloss
(PL) criteria having been met.

raNondedPreamb 64 preambles
? per cell

raPreGrASize ?
raPreGrASize raNondedPreamb
Random Access Preambles Group A Contention Based
Size
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20 Remaining
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13), are Type B
60 (14) ; 1 ; 32 (7)
raPreGrASize Type B
Type A Preambles Preambles
Type B Criteria

The Type B Random Access preambles are used if:


The message size is greater than raSmallVolUl.
raSmallVolUl
Small Size Random Access Data
Volume In Uplink
AND LNCEL; 56 bits (0), 144 bits (1), 208
bits (2), 256 bits (3) ;1 ; 144 bits (1)

the pathloss is less than:


PCMAX preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower - deltaPreambleMsg3 - messagePowerOffsetGroupB
Where:
PCMAX is the UE maximum output power.

ulpcIniPrePwr deltaPreMsg3
Preamble Initial Received Target Delta Preamble Random Access
Power Message 3
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), - LNCEL; -1...6 ;1 ; 0
116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -112 dBm
(4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106
dBm (7), -104 dBm (8), -102 dBm (9),
-100 dBm (10), -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm raMsgPoffGrB
(12), -94 dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90 RA Message Power Offset For Group B Selection
dBm (15);1 ; -104 dBm (8) LNCEL; -infinity (0), 0 dB (1), 5 dB (2), 8 dB (3), 10 dB
(4), 12 dB (5), 15 dB (6), 18 dB (7) ;1 ; 10 dB (4)
THANK YOU

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