heat

potential energy kinetic energy work w= F dx statistical interpretation energy fluctuations and heat capacities
Internal energy U Entropy S of equilibrium Derivation of PV = nRT
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
chemical energy Energy w= P dV fluctuations vs. dissipation Equipartition of energy

transport
Brownian motion
Equilibrium constants
Enthalpy H Free energies G and A diffusion
G = H T S

0. Thermal equilibrium 1. Conservation of Energy

Partition function

Laws of Thermodynamics
The eyes of a thermodynamicist:
2. Entropy increases Separation of system and bath bridge macroscopic and microscopic
3. Absolute entropy
S = 0 when T= 0 Work on system vs. on surroundings Entropy Probability
Reversible and irreversible processes
Adiabatic vs. isothermal (heat flow)
Closed vs. open (mass flow) Eyes of a statistical mechanic:
How does energy flow, change, and degrade? Ensembles microcanonical, canonical, grand canonical
Molecular descriptions to calculate Q
From Q calculate thermodynamics
From individtual particles to collective behavior
the arrow of time
Molecular descriptions transition state theory
efficiency of a heat engine Empircal rules from
Carnot cycle to macroscopic properties Activation energy
macroscopic observations Free energy

G
G
Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics
and Kinetics Eyes of a dynamicist:
reaction coordinate
energy crisis

How fast does a transformation occur?

Interplay of rate and mechanism
Kinetic vs thermodynamic products Arrhenius expression
Rates of change! Activation energy and transistion state

Dynamic equilibrium
Form
Partial derivatives of state functions al
ma potential energy surfaces
th
em Fundamental questions
When substances are mixed, will they react?
If a reaction occurs, how much energy will be released?
ti

Legendre transformations kinetic schemes

ca

If a reaction begins, when will it stop and equilibrium be reached? k k

Maxwell relations
la

concentration A B C 1 2

If a reaction can occur, how fast will it happen? [A]0 [A]

pp

T P
V
=
S ra [B] [C]
a

S V
tu Rate Laws and Reaction Mechanisms
s half-life 0
0 time
Differential forms steady state approximation

V F T Cyclic rule state functions rate limiting step

Modern experiments

U G Michaelis-Menten kinetics
femtochemistry

laser pump-probe experiment

S P k1 kp
H E+S
k 1
ES E+P rapid mixing

T-jump
verified facts and theoretical understanding generate solutions to hard problems carbonic anhydrase