SCEM Professional Level Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation Regulatory Framework - Code of Practice Tay Cher Seng LEED® AP, P.Eng Air Conditioning Regulatory Framework — Reducing Demand + ETIV — Energy Efficiency + $8530 + SS 553 (formerly CP 13) — Innovation + Green MarkUnderstanding ETTV * OTTV introduced in 1979 + Requirements = 45 W/m? * Did not accurately reflect the relative performance of the different elements in an envelope system * Specifically, solar gain was underestimated Understanding ETTV + ETTV introduced in 2004 + Also RTTV + Requirements for both set at 50 W/m?Understanding ETTV Envelope Thermal Transfer Value (ETTV) Formula The ETT formulas given as folons ETTV=12{1-WWRU, +3.(WWRW, +211 NRICF)SO) where ev WR u uy a sc rwelpe thennal transfer value (Wi) windowtosvall ratio (fenestration area | gross area of etre wal ‘hemal tansmitace of opaque val (Win?°K) ‘thea tansmitanceoffenesaton (Wi *) ceeeton factor for solar heat gain though enestaton shating coetioent of fenestration Understanding ETTV Computation -TD eg = 12°C —At = 3.4°C —-SF = 211 Wim?SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment + Energy Efficiency Standard for Building Services and Equipment provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for: ~ air conditioning equipment — heat rejection equipment —water heaters — electric motor drives high efficiency lighting SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment Air Conditioning Equipment + Unitary air conditioners and condensing units + Water chilling packagesSS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment Saunt pe Terao Taney ‘iccondlones Ar S10 Kwa <7ORW 3a5c0P oad ‘condones water So Kwa Sa a= 1055K 5550 05510 soca SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment + Heat Rejection Equipment Peicmnce eqie al Rectan eqipment Con Tove pfoae trate ls Hands Centum coning ters nn Tene pfomae trate las tan.SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment Ener SS 530 ficiency standard for building services and equipmentSS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment + Water Heaters - Equipment Type —Electric — resistance & heat pump —Gas — storage —Gas — instantaneous —-Oil- storage —Oil- instantaneous —boilers SS 530 Energy efctenoy standard for building services and equipment + Boilers —Gas-fired -Oil-+fired —Oil-fired (residual)SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment Comparison of Production Cost SS 530 Energy effciency standard for building services and equipment Electric Motors + Applicable to 1.1 to 90 kW * Continuous use at least 2900 hrs/yr * Occasional use <2900 hrs/yrEnergy efficiency SS 530 standard for building services and equipment Electric Motors Mrmr nr aber of gales Motor power (kW 0 a | eee 2 | ee wo | a2 | 23 | a6 al oad efeioney (8) Cecasona use 00 905 14 920 SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment Lighting Power Budget * Interior lighting + Exterior lighting —Flood lighting < 5% of total interior lighting load + Lighting controlEnergy efficiency SS 530 standard for building services and equipment Type of usage Max Lighting Power Density ( Wim2) Office 15 ‘Shops 25 Restaurants 15 Car parks: 5 Corridors. 10 Lobbies 10 Stairs é SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment * Design service luminance , lamp efficacies and the light output ratios of luminaries shall be in accordance with SS 531SS 530 Energy efficiency standard for building services and equipment + Lighting control —circuiting /switching or dimming should be provided so that * lighting reduced when task is not performed * lighting reduced when space is not being used * lighting reduced when daylight is adequate + exterior lighting controlled by timers or photo-cells SS 553 P for mechanical ventilation and air conditioning in buildings + Central cooling pumping efficiency + Ventilation Fan efficiency + Air change requirementsPumping System Design Criteria CP 13 Clause 7.11.6 a. Piping systems should be designed at a friction pressure loss rate of no more than 4.0m of water per 100 equivalent metre of pipe b. The water transport factor shall not be less than 30 for chilled water and 40 for the condensing water circuit, whether open or closed Pumping System Design Criteria CP 13 Clause 7.11.6 c. For constant volume systems, the factor shall be based on design water flow. d. For variable pumping systems, the factor shall be based on 75% of maximum design water flow.Pumping System Design Criteria CP 13 Clause 7.11.6 e. Variable speed or stage pumping should be considered in the design of large systems. f. Pumping power required for heat recovery devices shall not be included in the water transport factor calculation. Pumping System Design Criteria CP 13 Clause 7.11.6 (g + Water transport factor = Heat transfer to circulating water / | pump power inputPumping System Design Criteria Chilled water circuit — Pump power = heat transfer / 30 kW = 0.033 kW/kW = 0.1172 kWirton Condenser Water circuit — Pump power = heat transfer /40 kW. = 0.025 kW/kW = 0.0879 kW/rton Pumping System Design Criteria SS 553 Clause 10.5.1.1 + The pump power limitation for chilled water system shall be 349 kW per m3/s + The pump power limitation for condenser water systems is 301 kW per m%/sPumping System Design Criteria Chilled Water Circuit + If flow rate is 1 m%/s , Q=MxC,xAT Q=1000 kg/s x 4.18 kd/kgK x 5.5 K Q= 22,990 kW Q=6,537 rt * Chilled water pump power limit = 349 kW per m/s = 0.0534 kWirt Pumping System Design Criteria * Condenser water pump power limit = 301 kW per m%/s = 0.046 kWirtPumping System Design Criteria SS 553 Clause 10.5.1.1 + Motors exceeding 15 kW shall have controls and/or devices (such as variable speed control) that will result in pump motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design water flow. Chiller Plant Energy Use Spectrum = kWiton 0.5 06 07 08 09 10 14 1.2 C.O.P. (7.0) (8.9) (5.0) (4.4) (3.9) (3.5) (3.2) (2.9) AVERAGE ANNUAL CHILLER PLANT EFFICIENCY IN KWITON (C.0.P}) (rou eneray includes cites, rower fans, and condenser & chilled water pumping)SS 530 Energy effciency standard for building services and equipment + Heat Rejection Equipment Caving Tower] SSSC2005 | Pefomarce eee ret reed enone Pag fan cooing Coolng Tower pevcrmanoe shal not be Fessthan 323 Us AV, Cental i cna ters Cui Tver sl tbe bestia 17s Cooling Tower Fan For cooling tower using axial fan, * Q=MxC, x AT Q =3.23 kg/s x 4.18 kJ/kgK x 6 K Q=81kW Q=23rt + SS530 limits 3.23 I/s per kW = 0.0434 kWirtFan System Design Criteria CP 13 Clause 7.11.5 (a) For fan systems which provide a constant air volume whenever the fans are running, the power required by the motor for the combined fan system at design conditions shall not exceed 0.47 w per m*/h of supply air Fan System Design Criteria CP 13 Clause 7.11.5 (b) For fan systems which are able to vary system air volume automatically as a function of load, the power required by the motors for the combined fan system at design conditions shall not exceed 0.74 W per m*/h of supply airFan System Design Criteria SS 553 Clause 9.2.1 + Applicable to systems having a total fan power exceeding 4 kW. SS 553 Clause 9.2.1.1 * Constant Volume : 1.7 kW per m/s + Variable Volume : 2.4 kW per m3/s Fan System Design Criteria SS 553 Clause 9.2.1.2 + VAV fans with motor 11kW and greater — Driven by VSD —Have controls for fans resulting in motor demand less than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume when static pressure set point equals 1/3 of the total design static pressure based on manufacturer's certified fan dataReceptacle loads + Reasonable assumptions for simulation 2 For receptacle loads, Table A below fr ference, Tobe Recepace Los [Sarees Rea aos ‘Gorputer tense Offers | ASHARE STD 8, Genvratottee Areas 0.11988 12 Lange Conornes eae &_SoneyCompute roars Title 24, California’ eneray efficiency standards for residential and ronresidential buildings. Energy Modeling Reference model: — Building that complies to all minimum requirements. prescribes in codes and standards Proposed model: — Building that being designed for — more than meets. code requirements, incorporating innovative energy efficient systemsEnergy Modeling + Energy Savings = energy consumed by reference model less energy consumed by proposed model + Reference Model = bench mark Energy Modeling + The software must be able to model the thermal performance of buildings in @ multi- zone format and calculate the Building's total energy consumption over 2 continuous 12- months period. + The software must be tested by a recognized institution in accordance to the Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Buliding Energy Anaives Computer Programs ae ANSUASHRAE STD 140 or cther Soke international equivalent, such as IEA HVAC BESTEST.Green Mark steer otsan ings site usoge and leak detection set eeant gain 2} Landsceons| ssutdng Enlep Cosi +A Condtining Systm arti Uahing version in ewparks -TPOINTS (innovation »\ Soar emeet| | -srowrs nine Pe ee De / me sere Mgt Sytem ose “Indoor potion ee eoaiemreey ro -Retigerants, A Paine Green Mark wt Version 3 (yr 2008) + New Building Criteria 3) + Residential building + Non-residential Version 2 (yr 2007) + New Bung Criteria (v2) + Ae-corltioned building building + Residential buiing + Eisting Criteria + Bxsting Criteria (vt) (evision in progress) Version 1 (yr 2005) + New Bung Crterla + Existing Buleing CriteriaGreen Mark wi 9 mandatory requirements Energy -50 points max cap Renewable energy - 20 points max cap Other areas — Water efficiency — Environment protection — Indoor environment protection — Other green features & innovation Pre-requisites for Gold+ and Platinum rating ~ Energy modeling — Min 25% & 30% energy savings respectively Green Mark Ww a Se ae cee (ocean ree eo “= SS Fa 23Part I — Energy Related Requirements Tay oe oO t = i & g a : BE = Part II:V — Other Green Requirements Ble weal 24Green Mark mw ACMV Design -EETV 15 points —Chiller plant efficiency 20 points —Air Side efficiency 5 points —CO2 demand vent 2 points 42 points tutorial * SS CP13 allows the ventilation rate to be reduced to zero when using a variable speed drive. — True — FalseSCEM Er. Tay Cher Seng tel: 963-55-800 tos @ equeorp com