CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale
Dry eye syndrome, also known as dry eye disease, keratoconjunctivitis

sicca, and keratitis sicca, is a multifactorial disease of the tears and the

ocular surface that results in discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film

instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Dry eye syndrome is

a common form of ocular surface disease and may overlap with other causes

ocular surface disease, such as ocular allergy and meibomian gland

dysfunction. (Definition and Classification S ubcommittee of the International

Dry Eye Workshop, Ocul Surf Apr. 5, 2007)

Dry eye syndrome is also called keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS),

keratitis sicca syndrome, xeropthalmia, dry eye disease, ocular surface

disease, or dysfunctional tear syndrome, or simply dry eyes.

Keratoconjuntivitis sicca is a Latin word and its literal translation is dryness

of the cornea and conjunctiva. It may be helpful to know that sicca is part

of the English word desiccate. The dry eye syndrome in which the eyes do

not produce enough tears is also known as Sjogrens syndrome

Increased use of computers led to an increase in the number of

patients complaining about ocular and non-ocular symptoms related to

1
computer use. One of such computer associated ill-effect is manifested as

dry eye. This study was done to find out prevalence of dry eye.

Dry eye occurs when people do not have either enough tears, or the

correct composition of tears, on the surface of their eyes to lubricate the

eyes and keep them comfortable. It is a very common condition affecting a

significant percentage of the population, surveys have estimated the

prevalence of dry eye varying between 5% and >30% in various age groups

across different countries and worldwide. The estimated number of people

affected by dry eye ranges from 25 to 30 million all over the world.

(Phadatare SP. et al.)

There is no doubt that in recent years, dry eye disease has become a

common presentation in ophthalmologist outpatient department and is

presenting with varying degrees of ocular discomfort and disability. Dry eyes

prevalence is more in elderly people, certain high risk groups like farmers,

computer users, in environmental exposures such as reduced humidity and

increased wind. (Prevalence and Attributable Risk Factors in a Hospital-

Based Population. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2005; 53:87-91.)

Staring at a computer monitor or digital displays for hours on end has

become a part of the modern workday. And inevitably, all of tha staring can

2
put real strain on your eyes. Many such activities decreased ability to

perform certain activities such as reading, driving, and computer related

works, which require visual attention. Patients experience dry eyes

symptoms constantly and severely, affecting their quality of life. (Am J

Ophthalmol. 2007;143(3):409-15.)

This research is conducted to assess the prevalence of dry eye

syndrome among Computer Studies students in the University of Cebu. The

study was conducted pertaining to the fact that Computer Science students

were more exposed to computers than any other courses will be. This study

contains figures and/or results of the data gathered. Along with these were

the specific interpretations of the said information. Moreover, the study

should be a potent tool in providing information to the college and use this

information to raise awareness on the prevalence of dry eye syndrome

among computer users.

The relationship between computer usages per day with dry eye can

be observed and so at the end of the study we would be able to create

awareness about regular screening and early intervention of dry eye for

computer users whose number is increasing exponentially in recent years.

3
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study determined the prevalence of dry eyes among Computer

Studies students in the University of Cebu. Specifically, it answered the

following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents according to:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Year level?

2. What is the prevalence of dry eye among respondents in terms of:

2.1 Self-rate dry eye

2.2 TBUT results;

3.3 Blink rate?

3. Is there a significant difference in the prevalence of dry eye

between:

3.1. Self-rate and TBUT;

3.2 Self-rate and Blink rate?

4
STATEMENT OF NULL HYPOTHESIS

There was no significant difference between the prevalence of dry eye

among Computer Studies students between self-rate, TBUT and blink rate.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study specifically would benefit the following:

The future respondents of this study who would take Computer

Science courses. This study would raise their awareness of dry

eye syndrome, prevention and management.

The future researchers, this would serve as a future research

reference and would give additional information about dry eye.

For the students studying in the University of Cebu and those

generally studying in Cebu City, this study could give them more

information about dry eye, disseminate preventive measures,

awareness, and ensure effective management among the

populace.

5
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Dry eye occurs when people do not have either enough tears, or the

correct composition of tears, on the surface of their eyes to lubricate the

eyes and keep them comfortable. It is a very common condition affecting a

significant percentage of the population, surveys had estimated the

prevalence of dry eye varying between 5% and >30% in various age groups

across different countries and worldwide. The estimated number of people

affected by dry eye ranged from 25 to 30 million all over the world.

A research study conducted by Cheol Min Yun, MD et al. determined

the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and risk factors among young

people. The title was The Prevalence of Dry Eye among University Students,

published online April 17, 2012. The authors of the present study distributed

the OSDI questionnaire to 263 university students. DED was diagnosed when

the OSDI score was greater than 13 points. According to the OSDI score,

DED was classified as mild (13-22 points), moderate (23-32 points), or

severe (33-100 points). Additionally, the associations between the OSDI

score and possible risk factors such as gender, contact lens use and allergic

conjunctivitis were studied. Of 263 students, diagnosed DED was present in

133 (50.6%) and severe cases of DED were observed in 49 (18.6%). A high

OSDI score was associated with female sex (p < 0.01), a history of allergic

6
conjunctivitis (p = 0.02), contact lens use (p < 0.01), self-awareness of the

dry eye symptoms (p < 0.01) and a history of clinically diagnosed DED (p <

0.01). Prevalence of DED, which had been reported to be high in the elderly,

was considered high at 50.6% among young people in the present study.

Caution or education regarding DED is necessary for people who have a high

OSDI score, particularly females, contact lens wearers and people with

allergic conjunctivitis.

A survey was conducted among agents employed in a call center in

Metro Manila. The questionnaire used categorical scales to measure the

prevalence, frequency, diurnal occurrence, duration, and intrusiveness of

common eye-related symptoms. The eye-related symptoms were: dryness,

redness, eye strain, blurring of vision, doubling of vision, headaches, eye

pain, watery eyes, slow focusing from near to distance or vice versa.

Descriptive statistics, measures of frequencies and percentages were derived

for demographic characteristics. Cramer's V coefficient was calculated to

detect relationship between variables, and p values <0.05 were considered

significant. Two hundred seventy-seven (277) respondents with a mean age

of 24.56 4.14 and consisting of 130 (47%) males and 147 (53%) females

participated in the study. The top three eye-related complaints were eye

strain or tiredness (68%), headache (66%), and blurring of vision (53%).

The symptoms lasted less than an hour, except for headaches that persisted

7
for 1 to 2 hours and had the highest mean severity of 2.31 1.24. The

duration of computer use was strongly correlated with the severity of the

eye complaints, except for blurring of vision. The duration of employment

was also strongly correlated with all the symptoms except for doubling of

vision. Ocular symptoms were prevalent among call-center agents. The

severity of the symptoms was correlated with the duration of computer use

and employment as a call-center agent.

Another research by Suzanne Hagan titled Prevalence of Dry Eye

Among Computer Users was conducted with one hundred-twelve

respondents. Gender breakdown was 55% male and 45% females. Age

ranges were 24 to 74 years, with normal distributions. Almost none of the

respondents reported systemic disease or use of systemic medications. Of

the male respondents, 32% wore contact lenses; 52% of the females wore

contact lenses. Signs or symptoms presented to respondents as choices

included: redness, grittiness, itching, dryness, watery, burning, excess cu, or

blurry vision helped by blinking. If respondents selected for at least one

symptom or sign of dry eye, it was counted for positive for dry eye. Nearly

one-half of the respondents reported dry eye symptom was made worse by

computer usage.

8
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In a research study conducted by Sandip D. Patil et al. titled

Evaluation of Dry Eye in Computer Users Computer users were grouped into

Group A > 2hours to 4 hours, Group B >4 hours to 6 hours, Group C

> 6 hours to 8 hours according to their exposure to computer per day. Dry

eye evaluation was done with ocular surface disease index questionnaire,

tear meniscus height, and tear film brake-up time, Schirmers test. One way

analysis of variance test was used to compare mean values, find p values

and ensuring statistical significance.

Prevalence among the males and females was found to be of 25%. The

prevalence of dry eye among 20 to 30 and 31 to 40 years of age was

13.04% and 51.64 % suggesting that the prevalence of dry eye increased as

the years of computer exposure increased. The overall prevalence of dry eye

in computer users was found to be 25% with prevalence of 9.3%, 18.18%

and 45.71% in groups A, B and C, respectively.

Increased use of computers led to an increase in the number of

patients complaining about ocular and non-ocular symptoms related to

computer use. One of such computer associated ill-effect is, Computer

Vision Syndrome manifesting as dry eye. This study was done to find out

prevalence of dry eye.

9
 METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study utilized the descriptive research design, which determined

the relationship between the tear break-up time (TBUT) and the blink rate

among computer science students. A descriptive research design was used

to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It

did not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred.

Research Environment

The research was conducted at the College of Computer Studies of the

University of Cebu, Cebu City, Sanciangko St, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu. The

University of Cebu, commonly referred to as UC, is a premier educational

institution in the Visayas region. The university was founded in 1964 by Atty.

Augusto W. Go as an institution of higher learning committed to authentic

education.

Research Participants

10
 This research examined 100 students studying in the University of

Cebu who took Computer Science courses.

Inclusion criteria consisted of full time and part-time students currently

enrolled in Computer Science courses.

Exclusion criteria consisted of students with systemic disease such as

hypertension, diabetes and allergies, students who were identified with dry

eyes by their eye doctor and those who were contact lens wearers.

Research Instruments

Record sheet was used to gather respondents basic profile

information. The researchers performed TBUT test and determined the blink

rate of the respondents whose results were recorded on the record sheets.

Research Procedure Data Gathering

The researchers went to the University of Cebu to seek the approval of

the dean of the College of Computer Studies. The letter was approved and

the researchers were allowed to start the examination the next day.

The researchers asked permission from the respondents with regards

to research study. The respondents were given record sheets for them to

write their basic personal information. The once empty sheets also contained

the results of their tests.

11
 First, the researchers observed how many blinks the respondents do

per minute to determine the blink rate. Second, for the tear breakup time

test (TBUT test), the researchers instilled fluorescein dye and checked

through an instrument with cobalt blue light and determined the time the

tear film broke. Lastly, the soon-to-be gathered data were segregated per

age, sex and year level of the students.

Data Analysis and Treatment of Data

To determine the age, sex and year level of students currently enrolled

in computer science courses percentage formula was

%= f n x 150

To determine the dry eye level of respondents the formula was

n
M=
x

To determine the blink rate of respondents, the formula was

n
M=
x

12
 FLOWCHART OF THE STUDY

Constructing
the Research
Construction of Gathering of
Design,
Related
the rationale Environment,
Literature
Participants,
Instruments

Constructing a
Determining
the Theoretical Gathering of
Framework Data
Problem.

Recording of
Construction of Constructing the Data
Null the Gathered.
Hypothesis. Methodology Encoding in
Excel

Construction of Sending the

Interpretation
the Defense Excel to
of Results
Paper Statistician

DEFENSE

13
 Definition of Terms

Blink Rate number of blinks per minute of the respondents or the rate of

rapid involuntary closing and opening of the eyelids.

Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when your tears are not able

to provide adequate lubrication for your eye.

Prevalence - the proportion of a population that has the condition at some

time during a given period and includes people who already have the

condition at the start of the study period as well as those who acquire it

during that period.

14
Tear Break-up Time Test a test to observe the presence of dry eye by

observing the tear film of the respondent

Marginal Dry Eye severity of dry eye; mild dry eye

15
 CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

TABLE 1

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

AGE BRACKET FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %

17 20 58 58
21 24 34 34
25 28 5 5
29 and above 3 3
TOTAL 100 100
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Female 61 61
Male 39 39
TOTAL 100 100
YEAR LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
1st 9 9
2nd 32 32
3rd 39 39
4th 20 20
TOTAL 100 100

Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender

and year level. The samples of 100 were between 17-30 years old. 17-20

years old account for 58% of the respondents, 21-24 years old account for

34% of the respondents, 25-28 years old account for 5% of the respondents

while 29 years old and above account for 3% of the respondents.

61% of the respondents were female while 39% were males.

16
 9% of the respondents were 1 st year students, 32% of the respondents

were second year students, 39% were third year students and 20% were

fourth year students.

TABLE 2

PREVALENCE OF SELF-RATED DRY EYE

Self-rated dry eye Frequency Percentage (%)

based on questionnaire
Patient with no self-

17
rated dry eye (score of 100 100

less than 30 in the

questionnaire)
Patient with self-rated

dry eye suspect (score 0 -

of more than 30 in the

questionnaire)

Table 2 shows the prevalence of self-rated dry eye based on the

frequency of the symptoms, which determined if the patient was a suspect

for a dry eye. One hundred percent of the respondents scored less than 30

in the questionnaires which means none of them were suspects for dry eye.

There were factors that affected the results from the questionnaires. Some

of the students did not quite understand the questions and some were just

forced to attend the examination.

TABLE 2B
PREVALENCE OF DRY EYE OF RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO TEAR

BREAK UP TIME (TBUT) RESULTS

Dry Eye Level per TBUT Frequency Percentage

result
Normal (>10 seconds) 18 18
Marginal (5 10 80 80

18
 seconds)
Low (dry eye) <5 2 2

seconds
TOTAL 100 100

Table 2B shows the prevalence of dry eye of respondents according to

tear break up time results; 18% of respondents had normal result, 80% had

marginal dry eye and 2% were positive for dry eye. Compared to the study

conducted by Sandip D. Patil et al. titled Evaluation of Dry Eye in Computer

Users, the data gathered by the researchers showed higher prevalence. This

was, maybe, due to the increased need for people to use computer and

other gadgets in this fast-paced era. The respondents were advised to use

artificial tears and had their eyes checked regularly.

TABLE 2C

PREVALENCE OF DRY EYE OF RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO BLINK

RATE RESULTS

BLINK RATE RESULTS Frequency Percentage

Normal >10 80 80

blinks/minute
Mild (dry eye) 5 to 10 20 20

blinks/minute
Severe (dry eye) <5 0 -

19
 blinks/minute
Total 100 100

Table 2C shows the prevalence of dry eye of respondents according to

blink rate results; 80% percent of the respondents were normal, 20% had

mild dry eye and no respondents had severe dry eye. Blink rate measured

the number of blinks the respondents did in a minute. The data showed a

lower prevalence than the TBUT.

Table 3A

COMPARISON OF PROPORTIONS OF VARIABLES AND TESTING FOR

SIGNIFICANCE between Perceived Dry Eye vs. TBUT Findings

Variables Percentage Compute p- Critica Decisio Interpretatio

s d z- score valu l p- n on Ho n
e value
Prevalenc
e of self 0
rated dry -11.7891 0 0.05 REJECT Significant
eye
Prevalenc
e of dry 82%
eye with
TBUT

20
 p-value should be less than 0.05 to be significant
statistical tool: z-score for 2 population proportions

The z-score was -11.7891. The p-value was 0. The result was

significant at p<0.05. This means that the dry eye prevalence result of

the TBUT was significantly higher than that of the self-rated prevalence.

What does this mean? Results from questionnaires were highly unreliable.

The questionnaires also did not measure the severity of the dry eye, it

has no value for low, mild or severe dry eye. A score of 30 and up

automatically suggested the presence of dry eye. This was maybe the

reason why the prevalence of the perceived dry eye was zero percent.

TABLE 3B

COMPARISON OF PROPORTIONS OF VARIABLES AND TESTING FOR

SIGNIFICANCE between Perceived Dry Eye vs. Blink Rate Findings

Variables Percentage Compute p- Critica Decisio Interpretatio

s d z- valu l p- n on Ho n
score e value
Prevalenc
e of self- 0
rated dry -4.714 0 0.05 REJECT Significant
eye
Prevalenc
e of dry 20%
eye with

21
Blink Rate

p-value should be less than 0.05 to be significant

statistical tool: z-score for 2 population proportions

The z-score was -4.714. The p-value is 0. The result was significant at

p<0.05. This means that the dry eye prevalence result of the Blink rate

was significantly higher than that of the self-rated prevalence. What does

this mean? Results from questionnaires were highly unreliable. The

questionnaires also did not measure the severity of the dry eye, it has no

value for low, mild or severe dry eye. A score of 30 and up automatically

suggests the presence of dry eye. This maybe was the reason why the

prevalence of the perceived dry eye was zero percent.

TABLE 3C

COMPARISON OF PROPORTIONS OF VARIABLES AND TESTING FOR

SIGNIFICANCE between Prevalence of Dry Eye using TBUT vs.
Prevalence of Dry eye Using Blink Rate

Variables Percentage Compute p- Critica Decisio Interpretatio

s d z- valu l p- n on Ho n
score e value
Prevalenc
e of dry 82%
eye using --8.7699 0 0.05 REJECT Significant
TBUT
Prevalenc
e of dry 20%

22
 eye with
Blink Rate

p-value should be less than 0.05 to be significant

statistical tool: z-score for 2 popuplation proportions

The z-score was -8.7699. The p-value was 0. The result was significant

at p<0.05. This means that the dry eye prevalence result of the TBUT

was significantly higher than that of the prevalence of dry eye using blink

rate. The blink rate showed lower prevalence than TBUT. The TBUT still

was more reliable since the test allowed us to observe the breaks in the

tear film. Although TBUT was much more reliable, blink rate should not be

disregarded. It was best to do any applicable test to confirm another test

for the presence of dry eye.

CHAPTER III

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The study determined the prevalence of dry eye among Computer

Studies Students in the University of Cebu. The following were the

findings of the study:

1. Table 1 revealed the profile of the respondents in terms of age,

gender and year level. The samples of 100 were between 17-30 years old.

23
17-20 years old accounted for 58% of the respondents, 21-24 years old

accounted for 34% of the respondents, 25-28 years old account for 5% of

the respondents while 29 year-olds and above account for 3% of the

respondents.

61% of the respondents were females while 39% were male.

9% of the respondents were first year students, 32% of the

respondents were second year students, 39% were third year students and

20% were fourth year students.

2. Table 2 had shown the prevalence of self-rated dry eye based on the

frequency of the symptoms, which determined if the patient was a suspect

for dry eye. One hundred percent of the respondents scored less than 30 in

the questionnaires which means none of them were suspect for dry eye.

3. Table 2B depicted the prevalence of dry eye of respondents according to

tear break up time results; 18% of respondents had normal result, 80% had

marginal dry eye and 2% were positive for dry eye.

4. Table 2C had shown the prevalence of dry eye of respondents according to

blink rate results; 80% percent of the respondents were normal, 20% had

mild dry eye and no respondents had severe dry eye.

5. Table 3A, the z-score was -11.7891. The p-value was 0. The result was

significant at p<0.05. This means that the dry eye prevalence result of the

TBUT was significantly higher than that of the self-rated prevalence. What

24
does this mean? Self-rated answers to dry eye from questionnaires were

highly unreliable.

6. Table 3B, the z-score was -4.714. The p-value was 0. The result was

significant at p<0.05. This means that the dry eye prevalence result of the

Blink Rate was significantly higher than that of the self-rated prevalence.

What does this mean? Self-rated answers to dry eye from questionnaires

were highly unreliable.

7. Table 3C, the z-score were -8.7699. The p-value was 0. The result was

significant at p<0.05. This means that the dry eye prevalence result of the

TBUT was significantly higher than that of the prevalence of dry eye using

blink rate.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of dry eye among Computer Studies students in the

University of Cebu was low. In TBUT, the 80% had marginal dry eye and 2%

had severe dry eye.

Recommendations

1. The respondents of the study who took Computer Science courses be

given more information about dry eye syndrome; it was recommended to

conduct a seminar to raise their awareness level of dry eye syndrome.

25
2. The result of this study could be presented in schools other than

University of Cebu and Southwestern University-PHINMA to reach out to

more students and be aware of dry eye syndrome

3. The results of this study should be used as a basis for larger scale of

research.

REFERENCE

BOOKS

26
 Hon Bing Hoh (1996), Clinical Cases in Opthalmology, Butterworth-

Heinmann

Michel Millidot (2009), Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science 7 th

edition, Buttermworth-Heinmann

Peter Bergenske, OD., F.A.A.O., DIPL., Tear Film Stability by Design

Korb D, Greiner J, (2009), Optometric Management

Journal

The Annual Dry Eye Issue (2011)

Aurora Gaijta et al. (2015), Dry Eye Syndrome Among Computer Users

Sandip D. Patil et al. (2016), Evaluation of Dry Eye in Computer Users

Akinbinu T. R1 and Mashalla Y. J.2 (2014), Impact of Computer

Technology on Health: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)

27
 Mohamed Yehia Al. Awadi et al. (2013), Probable Effects of Exposure

to Electromagnetic WavTerminals Radiated from Video Display on

Some Visual Functions.

Suzanne Hagan (1998), Prevalence of Dry Eye Among Computer Users

Fiona Stapleton et al. (2004), The Epidemiology of Dry Eye Disease

Internet

www.dryeyesmedical.com/diagnosis/diagnostic-tests.html

www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210417

www.health.com/healthy/dry-eyes-home-remedies

APPENDIX A
TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

28
Melvin M. Ninal, Ph. D.
Dean, College of Computer Studies
University of Cebu

Dear Dr. Ninal:

We, the 3rd year Optometry Proper students of SWU-Phinma would like to

ask your permission to conduct a study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes

among Computer Studies Students. Your approval to this request is very

much appreciated and would help us greatly in this study.

Thank you in advance for your attention.

Sincerely yours,
Glomarie Hope A. Paquera
Optometry III
Group Representative

Noted by:
Noeh O. Fernadez Jr., O.D., MATS

APPENDIX B
INFORMED CONSENT

29
I, signing this document, is, giving my consent to participate as a subject for
the research, which will be conducted by the 3 rd year proper Optometry
students in Southwestern University-PHINMA

I am informed that I will be a part of a research study

that focuses on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes among Computer Studies
Students in Southwestern University- PHINMA.
The researchers will be with me while Im answering
the questionnaire.
I shall be assured with the rights of privacy,
anonymity and confidentiality.
I shall be given option to refuse answering the
questionnaire and the right to withdraw from the study without penalty.
No reports of the study will identify me in any way.
The results of the examination of the Tear Break Up
Time and Blink Rate will be given to me if I asked them and that the
following persons will be informed.
1. Jan Irish D. Gavas (09060052896)
2. Glomarie Hope A. Paquera (09081566150)

______________________________ Age: ___________________

Participants signature over Printed Name Address: _______________
Telephone:______________
_______________________________
Witness
________________________________
Researchers Printed Name and Signature

APPENDIX C-1
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
STUDENT PROFILE

30
The researchers will collect the following data:

Name:
Age:
Gender:
Course:
Year Level:

APPENDIX C-2
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
RECORD SHEET

31
How often do you have Never Sometimes Frequently Always Score
these problems?
Redness 0 3 4 5
Sandy or gritty 0 3 4 5
sensation
Excess watering 0 3 4 5
Burning 0 3 4 5
Excess Mucous 0 3 4 5
Blurred vision (corrected 0 3 4 5
by blinking)
Itching 0 3 4 5
Total score
If your score is 30 or higher, or you suspect you may have Dry Eye Syndrome
Big island vision center hilo

TBUT TEST

Indication OD OS
Normal >10 seconds
Marginal 5-10 seconds
Low (dry eye) <5 seconds

Blink Rate

Indication OD OS
Normal >10 blinks/minute
Mild (dry eye) 5 to 10 blinks/minute
Severe (dry eye) <5 blinks/minute

APPENDIX D

BUDGET SUMMARY

32
1. Photocopy and Print out P 1000
2. Questionnaire Sheet P 500
3. Internet P 500
4. Snacks and Foods P 1500
5. Computerization P 1000
6. Fluorescein Strip P 570
7. Solution P 1500
8. Statistician P 1500
9. Defense Fee P 3500
TOTAL P 11570

APPENDIX E
MAP OF RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

33
 APPENDIX F
DOCUMENTATION

34
CURRICULUM VITAE

35
Personal Information

Name : Jan Irish D. Gavas

Age : 21 years old
Gender : Male
Address : Fortune Plain Village, Brgy. Cansojong, Talisay
City,Cebu
Mobile Phone : (0906) 052896
Email Address : jangavas@gmail.com
Date of Birth : December 9. 1995
Place of Birth : Cebu City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single

Educational Background

Elementary: Talisay City Central School

Date Graduated: 2008
Secondary: Talisay Malayan Academy
Date Graduated: 2012
Tertiary: Southwestern University-PHINMA
Date Graduated: Present

Curriculum Vitae

36
Personal Information

Name : Glomarie Hope A. Paquera

Age : 20 years old
Gender : Female
Address : J Panis St. Ibaan Banilad, Cebu City
Mobile Phone : (0977) 6123 4738
Email Address : glomarie_paquera@yahoo.com
Date of Birth : March 23, 1996
Place of Birth : Cebu City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single

Educational Background

Elementary: Banilad Elementary School

Date Graduated: 2008
Secondary: University of the Visayas-Mandaue
Date Graduated: 2012
Tertiary: Southwestern University-PHINMA
Date Graduated: Present

Curriculum Vitae

37
Personal Information

Name : Noeh O. Fernandez Jr.

Gender : Male
Address : 36 F. Jaca St., Pardo, Cebu City
Tel. No. : 272-1207
Date of Birth : July 24, 1980
Place of Birth : Cebu City
Religion : Seventh Day Adventist
Civil Status : Married
Citizenship : Filipino
Current Position : Asst. Professor

Educational Background
Post Graduate Studies : Southwestern University-PHINMA
Course/Program : Master of Arts in Teaching Major in Science (MATS)
Date Graduated : October 2005
College : Cebu Doctors University
Course Graduated: Doctor Of Optometry (OD)
Date Graduated : March 2001
Passed Licensure Examination for Optometrist July 2001
High School : East Visayan Academy
Date Graduated : 1997
Honors received : Class Valedictorian Loyalty, CAT-1U

Unionwide

38
 Tactical Exam Topnotcher, National Secretary
Achievement Test (NSAT) Topnotcher
Elementary : Cebu City SDA Elementary School
Date Graduated : March 1993 Honor Received: Class Salutatorian, Loyalty

39