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temperature compensation
Agenda
Temperature affect
Temperature
compensation
Battery sizing
Battery operations
Summary
Temperature
Lead acid batteries are typically rated at 77F (25C)
Temperature affects performance, life, and
recommended charging voltages
Temperature also affects other attributes including
the current acceptance during float charging, which
increases or decreases as the temperature of the
battery changes
Temperature compensation must be considered
during charging as well as when sizing batteries
Battery selection
There are many items to be considered when
selecting a battery for stationary use
Application
End Voltages
AH Sizes
Power Density
Ventilation
Temperature
Space (room/cabinet) limitations
Budget
Expected service life of the installation
Experience level of maintenance personnel
Battery sizing
Aging factor
Where do you want the battery capacity at the end of life?
IEEE says the batteries are at the end of life at 80%
capacity
If you want the batteries to be at 100% capacity at the end
of life, then the aging factor has to be 1.25
Temperature correction factor
Sizing correction
Must consider
temperature effect
on capacity
Lead-acid batteries
are typically rated at
25C (77F)
Size batteries larger
(higher Ahrs) if
operated at colder
temperatures
IEEE recommends
using the factor of 1,
when sizing at
higher than 25C
(77F)
Source: IEEE485-1997
Temperature considerations
Environment
temperature
Ambient temperature why
it is important
Cold = Larger battery
Hot = Shorter life
Options based on
temperature
High temperature plastic
cover/container material
Outer steel sleeve
Electrolyte specific gravity
Temperature effect during operation
Source: IEEE450-2010
Battery aging sample calculation
Source: IEEE-450-2010
Temperature and float current
The increase in float current at elevated temperature
impacts the grid corrosion rate and the gassing rate
(almost doubles for every 15F in temperature rise)
At some point, if no
remedial actions are
taken, the battery will
generate more heat than
it can dissipate
Results in jar/cover
meltdown or fire
Uncontrolled temperature
Uncontrolled operating
temperature
Higher ambient temperatures lead to
higher battery temperature
Decreases batterys ability to
dissipate heat
Increases chemical reaction and
corrosion rate
Increases float current and heating
Accelerates gassing rate and
recombination
Results in dry-out and possible
thermal runaway
Summary
Any Questions?