Skeletal System Lab Report

Susy Cardona
Introduction-
This lab report addresses bone matrix, pressure and force related to bones, and homeostasis
imbalance. Bone tissue consists of separated cells surrounded by large amounts of matrix.
There are four cell types in bone tissues: osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
Osteon consist of lamella of calcified matrix that surround the central canal. The osteocytes are
found in the spaces called lacuna. The canaliculi connect one cell to the next cell, this is how
the nutrients can reach the osteocytes and waste products can leave. To see more information
of a bone tissue labeled, look at Figure 1 below. The bone matrix contains inorganic salts and
collagen fibers. Collagen gives bone its strength and resilience, and inorganic salts make it hard
and resistant to crushing. On Table 1 below, there is a data table from a experiment tested to
see if there was any salt and collagen. The bone disease conditions were osteoporosis and
osteopenia. If it was low in salt then it was osteoporosis. If it was low in collagen it was
osteopenia.
In the pressure and force lab, force and pressure were tested by doing different actions on the
force plate with heels or barefoot. Force and pressure are acting at the same time when the
body is in motion. Force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the objects interaction
with another object. Pressure depends on how much force or weight is applied, and over the
area on which the force is applied. In the lab, there were three trials made. On Table 2, it shows
the data received from the different trials. The foot pressure was obtained by dividing body
weight by foot area. The area was measured by counting the cm2 squares that were imprinted
from the wet foot and convert the number into m2 and divide by 10,000. In figure 2, the bar graph
shows the results from the lab. It is easier to see that walking normal barefoot was nearly the
same on both the left and right foot while jumping barefoot was not as the same. Whenever an
action is applied to a force plate there is a graph with waves describing the action applied. On
Figure 3, there is a graph that shows walking normal barefoot. The reason for the red peak on
the graph is because the right heel is placed down first. The dip in the middle shows whenever
the right toe is being placed down next. The same thing happened for left foot. Once the weight
is transferred from the back to the front foot, the force rises from zero. It returns to zero when
the weight is transferred back to the other foot at the end of the walk. The force stays somewhat
the same because the same weight is being applied each time.
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become fragile and very weak. Osteoporosis
occurs when the rate of bone resorption is greater than the rate of bone deposit. When there is
no equilibrium between bone deposit and bone resorption, the homeostatic imbalances occurs.
See figure 4 for an example of a infographic about a case study with three different scenarios on
osteoporosis. The infographic is showing information on the stages of osteoporosis, bone
physiology, bone remodeling cycle, calcium, and several effects osteoporosis can cause.
Throughout the three scenarios, there are different symptoms or risks on why they might
develop osteoporosis. The infographic shows different diagrams and data that is important in
each story and more information on osteoporosis.
Figure 1- Bone Histology Slide. This slide shows the connective tissue also known as the bone
tissue labeled.

Table 1. Bone Matrix Data Table. There were three different bone types being tested: baked,
vinegar, and uncooked. Each were tested to see if there was any salt and collagen.
Table 2. Pressure and Forces Data Table. This table shows the data of walking normal barefoot
and jumping barefoot. There was three trials for each left and right. The area of both are also
shown.

Figure 2- Pressure and Force Bar Graph. The bar graph shows the force applied to the force
plate. The force that was applied was taken and placed in the graph shows force from walking
normal barefoot and jumping barefoot.
Figure 3- Walking normal barefoot graph. The graph the force plate showed was when the
tester walked forward onto the force plate barefoot.
Figure 4- Osteoporosis Infographic. The infographic above shows different, important
information on three different scenarios from the case study. The infographic has information on
osteoporosis, bones, and some of the different effects on the body caused by osteoporosis.

Future questions that could be addressed in this research would be more information on how
different the data would be if I was to wear a different shoe or if I would have run on the force
plate.

Citations
Shier, D., Butler, J., & Lewis, R. (2010). Hole's human anatomy & physiology. Dubuque:
McGraw-Hill.

Bone Tissue. (2003). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from

http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Tissue/Tissue_Bone-Tissue.php
S-cool, the revision website. (n.d.). Retrieved December 02, 2016, from
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/physics/forces-moments-and-pressure/revise-it/forces-and
-pressure