NAMES By Maya Angelou

About the Writer

Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson, on April 4, 1928) is an American novelist and poet. She is
best known for her series of six autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adulthood
experiences. The first, best-known, and most highly acclaimed, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969),
focuses on the first seventeen years of her life, brought her international recognition, and was nominated
for a National Book Award.

Angelou has had a long and varied career, holding jobs such as fry cook, dancer, actress, journalist,
educator, television producer, and film director. She was active in the Civil Rights movement.

Angelou has been highly honored for her literary work, including being awarded over 30 honorary
degrees and the nomination of a Pulitzer Prize for her 1971 volume of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink
of Water 'Fore I Diiie. Since the 1990s, she has had a busy career on the lecture circuit, making about 80
appearances a year. Since 1991, Angelou has taught at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North
Carolina. In 1993, she recited her poem On the Pulse of Morning at President Bill Clinton's inauguration,
the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since Robert Frost at John F. Kennedy's inauguration in
1961. In 1995, she was recognized for having the longest-running record (two years) on The New York
Times Paperback Nonfiction Bestseller List.

With the publication of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou became recognized and highly
respected as a spokesperson for blacks and women. Angelou has made a deliberate attempt through her
work to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the
genre. Her books and poetry have covered themes such as identity, family, and racism.

Plot - Time and Place

This story which was originally entitled Mary takes place in the first half of the twentieth century, in
Stamps, Arkansas, USA. It is the story of a ten year old black little girl named Marguerite, who works at a
white womans kitchen.

Marguerite, the narrator, starts by comparing the education of black girls of her generation in the Southern
American States with that of white girls. White girls have a privileged education. They learn how to waltz
and social good manners (how to sit gracefully with a tea cup balanced on their knees), black girls learn
how to take care of a house and become white people's servants (set a proper table, baking, cooking, etc).
Marguerite herself is sent to Mrs Cullinan's, an unattractive white woman, to learn how to become a
domestic servant under the orders of Miss Glory, the black servant who teaches Marguerite about the
house work, cleaning, cooking, setting a proper table, cutlery and kitchenware. From what she teaches
Marguerite we get to know that black servants have separate glasses to drink from, which are kept in a
separate shelf.

Miss Glory also tells Marguerite some details of Mrs Cullinan's life. It's from Miss Glory that Marguerite
knows that Mrs Cullinan can't have children. Later her brother Bailey tells her that Mr Cullinan, Mrs
Cullinan's husband, has two daughters by a black woman. He tells Marguerite that she must know them
because they resemble Mr Cullinan. But Marguerite has some difficulty in picturing Mr Cullinan, even
though she sees him everyday. This because she never looked straight at his face, for fear of being
punished for lack of respect.

For a time Marguerite feels pity for Mrs Cullinan, because she can't have children. She arrives early for
work and leaves late, she even feels pity for her when she calls her "Margaret", instead of "Marguerite",
she thinks Mrs Cullinan can't pronounce her name correctly. She feels so sorry for her that she even wants
to write a tragic poem about her (being white, fat, old and without children. But when Mrs Cullinan,
following the suggestion of her friends, calls her Mary, Marguerite gets angry and tries to find a reason to
quit the house and the job (she has to have a good explanation to give her grandmother for quitting the
job). She begins to look at Mrs Cullinan's face whenever she calls her "Mary", although she knows it's
very rude for a black girl to look at a white adult's face, she begins to come late and leave early, she
leaves the dishes dirty and doesn't shine the silver. She hopes that Miss Glory will complain to Mrs
Cullinan and that she will dismiss her, but nothing happens.

When Marguerite tells her brother Bailey about the situation, he suggests her to break Mrs Cullinan's
favourite china. Marguerite decides to do it the next time Mrs Cullinan calls her "Mary". Horrified at
losing her mother's china, Mrs Cullinan falls to the floor and cries, while trying to pick up the pieces of
the broken china. When her friends asked if Mary had broken the china, she screams out that her name is
"Margaret".

The incident gives Marguerite a reason to quit the house and the job. When she runs away she leaves the
door open wide, so that the neighbours can see the comic scene and the chaos she had caused inside the
house, as a result of her revenge. She also wants to show everybody that she was able to stand up for her
rights and that she was brave enough to leave the door open for others to see how pathetic and ridiculous
Mrs Cullinan looked and the mess inside her Alice-in-Wonderland house.

The Characters

Marguerite

Marguerite, or Margaret, is the main character of the story. She has many aspects related to the author of
the short story Names which can be seen as an autobiography of Maya Angelou. In this work the
author tells part of her life when she lived with her grandmother, who she called Momma and with her
brother, Bailey.
Marguerite is a young negro girl who was sent to work for Mrs. Cullinan, a white woman. It was her
"finishing " school in which Miss Glory , the servant , was the "teacher".
In Mrs. Cullinan s house Marguerite has a good friend, Miss Glory, also a Negro woman who is
Margueritt daily company. She helps her with the work and also gives her some advices.
At first, Marguerite is obedient and does everything she is asked to. She feels pity for Mrs Cullinan
because she cant have children. However, when Mrs. Cullinan tries to change her name to Mary,
according to the suggestion of one of her friends ,"...but the name's too long. I'd never bother myself. I'd
call her Mary if I was you". Marguerite gets angry. Miss Glory tries to calm her down and tells her that
Mrs. Cullinan had changed her own name ,too. However, Marguerite had already made up her mind, she
wanted to show Mrs. Cullinan that her name was Marguerite and not Mary as her mistress had started to
call her. She makes up a plan to get on Mrs Cullinans nerves. She starts showing herself lazy, she does
not do what Mrs. Cullinan asks her to her and she does not answer when Mrs. Cullinan calls her Mary.
And when she sees this doesnt work, she decides to follow her brothers suggestion and break Mrs
Cullinans favourite china.

Mrs Cullinan

Mrs. Cullinan is a white racist woman who treats her negro employees like slaves despite the fact that
slavery had finished a long time ago. She continues her familys legacy, treating Negroes as slaves, an
example is Miss Glory, whose family always served the Cullinans.
Mrs. Cullinan likes to have her house always very tidy, with everything in its right place. The exactness
of her house was inhuman. This glass went here and only here. That cup had its place and it was an act of
impudent rebellion to place anywhere else. She also wants her black servants to know their place and to
have their own cups and dishes. I had a glass to drink from, and it sat with Miss Glorys on a separate
shelf from others. In addition to this discrimination , she is a very bad example for everyone. She drinks
alcoholic drinks frequently and much .she drank alcohol out of unmarked bottles. She was keeping
herself embalmed .
Furthermore, she seemed to have a very weak personality and will. For example, she used to call
Marguerite by her name, but when a friend of hers suggested to call her Mary , she immediately
followed the advice. Nevertheless, she had already done something like that when she changed Miss
Glorys name from Hallelujah to Glory. Besides being cold , severe and racist, Mrs. Viola Cullinan
is indeed a very unhappy and frustrated woman. There are be two reasons for her frustration. Firstly, her
husband is never at home. Secondly she cant have children, and the existence of the two daughters of Mr.
Cullinan out of his marriage is something that torments her. Those girls could have been their daughters,
and they are beautiful. Although with a negro mother, those girls are light-skinned and they look like their
father. "They were very light-skinned and certainly didn't look very much like their mother ( no one ever
mentioned Mr. Coleman).

Miss Glory
Miss Glory is a middle-aged negro woman and like many Negroes in that time, she is a servant, the cook,
at Mrs. Cullinans .
Miss Glory becomes good help to Marguerite ,she is very patient to her and when Margauerite gets mad
and revolted with Mrs. Cullinans behaviour, Miss Glory advises her not to care about it. She says that
Mrs. Cullinan had also changed her name but she has resigned to being called out of her name. " My
name used to be Hallelujah. That's what Ma named me, but my mistress give me "Glory", and it stuck. I
likes it better too." She is loyal to her mistress, yet she seems to be Marguerite's friend, too.
Other Characters

Besides these characters, there are others whose characteristics are not quite specified. They are Bailey
(Margarets brother ) ,Mrs. Randall, Mrs. Randall's maid , Mr. Cullinan (Mrs. Cullinans husband) and the
ladies (Mrs. Viola's friends), Marguerit refers to one of them as "the speckled-faced one"... Among all
them, Bailey is probably the most relevant because he is the one who tells Marguerite to break Mrs.
Cullinans favourite china ,fact which is essential to the development of the story.
How the narrator (Marguerite) and Mrs Cullinan change along the story

Both Marguerite and Mrs Cullinan change through the story. At the beginning, Marguerite is a quiet and
obedient girl. She doesn't mind being called Margaret by Mrs Cullinan (she undrerstands it as a wrong
way of saying her name). She even feels pity for Mrs Cullinan because she can't have children.

But, when Mrs Cullinan starts calling her Mary, Marguerite shows her rebellious side. She turns out a
revengeful and rebel girl who can stand up for her rights, as her acts show. She thinks that, just because
she's a black servant and just because Mrs Cullinan is a white Mistress, she doesn't have the right to treat
her that way and call her as she wants. " When I heard Mrs. Cullinan scream, "Mary!" I picked up the
casserole and two of the green glass cups in readiness. As she rounded the kitchen door I let them fall on
the tiled floor." She had completed her revenge, she is quite happy about it and forced Mrs Cullinan to
yell her real name.

Although Mrs Cullinan isn't nice to her black maids and shows racial prejudice by separating their
glasses, at the beginning she says Marguerite is "a sweet nice thing", which is a proof of her tenderness
and shows that she likes her. But, after Marguerite breaks her favourite china, she shows insensitivity
and violence and calls her black servant insulting names.

The title and the message of the story

Our name is an essential part of our identity, if someone deliberately changes our name, it is a lack of
respect for our identity. In this story that identity is "denied", since Mrs Cullinan decided to change
Marguerites name to Mary, just because it was easier to say. Besides black people didnt like to be
called out of their names because it reminded them the times of slavery when white people had no
respect for their black slaves identity and named them as they wished. Its Marguerite herself who says :
"Every person I knew had a hellish horror of being called out of his name. It was a dangerous practice to
call a Negro anything that could be loosely construed as insulting because of the centuries of their having
been called niggers, jigs, dinges, blackbirds, crows, boots and spooks".
So, it was natural that black people didn't like being "called out of their names". First it meant the whites
didn't respect them, then it reminded them of the slavery times and the insulting names white people used
to call them.

The very expression "calling someone names" means "insulting someone", in this case it shows racial
prejudice, which is the main theme of the story
When Mrs Cullinan starts calling her Mary, Marguerite, who used to be an obedient girl, just cant stand
it. Firstly she decides to do everything wrong so that she can be sent away from that home. Then, as her
plan doesnt work, she decides to take drastic measures and breaks Mrs. Cullinans favourite china plates.
On doing it she makes Mrs Cullinan lose her temper and yell her real name.

Signs of racial prejudice in the story

Black girls had a less privileged education than white girls;

Black servants had separate glasses to drink from and their glasses were kept in separate
shelves;
Black girls couldn't look directly at their white masters' face;
Black servants were "called out of their names" (renamed according to their white masters'
wishes).

Reading Task

Decide whether these sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. Black and white girls learned the same sort of things.

2. Marguerite works as a maid for Miss Glory.

3. Mrs Cullinan teaches Marguerite how to become a domestic.

4. Miss Glory is a descendant of a line of slaves who had always worked for the Cullinan family.

5. Miss Glory tells Marguerite that Mrs Cullinan cant have children

6. Mrs Cullinans husband has two daughters out of the marriage from a white lady

7. For a while, Marguerite has great sympathy for the Mrs Cullinan because she cant have children.

8. Marguerite thinks Mrs Cullinan calls her Margueret because shes black.

9. Mrs Cullinans friend finds the name Marguerite too long and suggests her to shorten it to Mary.

10. Margurtite doesnt like it and gets angry when Mrs Cullinan called her Mary.

11. Miss Glory gets also revolted even because her own name had been changed from Halleluja to Glory.

12. Marguerite runs away from Mrs Cullinan whenever she calls her Mary.

13. Marguerite does all she can to be dismissed.

14. Miss Glory gives her the idea of breaking Miss Cullinans favourite casserole dish and two of her
glass cups.

15. The next time Mrs Cullinan calls her Mary, Marguerite throws her favourite casserole dish and two
of her glass cups to the floor.

16. Mrs Cullinan is so surprised that she doesnt have any reaction.

17. When she leaves Mrs Cullinans house Marguerite, slams the door.
 III

Bearing in mind the short story Names by Maya Angelou compare Marguerite and Miss Glory, as they
have different attitudes towards the same kind of discrimination.

III
Write a short comment (about 80 words) on the short story Names as a portrait of Southern American
society of the time.

III

Choose one of the following topics (A or B) and write about 50 words on it.

A. Mind the following passage from the short story Names, by Maya Angelou: The very next day
she (Mrs Cullinan) called me by the wrong name. Miss Glory and I were washing up the lunch dishes
when Mrs Cullinan came to the doorway. Mary?.

Say in 50 words, how this episode contributed to make Marguerite change her opinion about Mrs
Cullinan and take her final decision

III

A. Whats in a name? Refer to the short story Names by Maya Angelou and connect it to Marguerite
s revolt when her boss called her out of her name. Do it in 50 words.

III

A. Bearing in mind the short story Names by Maya Angelou, refer to the way the main characters
interact along the story (the relationships they establish with each other). Write about 80 words
on it.

III

Bearing in mind the short story Names, account for the way the title fits the development of the story.

Write about 50 words on it.

III
A. Bearing in mind the short story Names by Maya Angelou, comment on Marguerites reaction at the
end of the story. (how she reacted; why she reacted like that; the meaning of her reaction). Write about 80
words on it.

Preparao para o Exame de Equivalncia Frequncia (11 Ano)

Ficha 1

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Verb Tenses (Tempos verbais)

Tense (Tempo) Use (Uso) Adverbs often Exemplos
used with it
(advrbios com
que que
frequentemente
usado)
Simple Present Para falar de: usually ;always; They play tennis together every
(Igual ao Rotinas; aces sometimes; Sunday morning
infinito, com often; never;
frequentes;
um s na nowadays; ... My friends like meat, but they don't
3pessoa do Factos e verdades
like fish
singular) universais;
The next train leaves at 10am.
Horrios.
Present Para falar de: now; at the What are they doing now?
continuous O que est a moment; this
(Am/is/are + v- morning; ... They are sitting at the window and
fazer/acontecer no
ing) watching the traffic.
presente;
Combinaes/planos
We are having a class meeting this
(o que vai fazer); afternoon.

Com always para dizer o que I'm always telling you to avoid
est sempre a fazer. doing that.
Past Simple Para falar de uma yesterday; last How long ago did you arrive?
(Os verbos aco/situao que aconteceu week, with dates;
regulares num determinado momento do I arrived two hours ago.
acrescentam passado.
ed.Os verbos
irregulares tm
uma forma
prpria)
Present Para falar do que tem already; just; I've worked here for three years
Perfect acontecido. Aces que ever; for; since;
(have/has + comearam no passado e se never; (not)
participio prolongam at ao presente. yet; ...
passado (3
forma do
verbo)
Present Para falar do que tem estado a for, since I've been waiting for you since 7.
Perfect fazer.
Continuous
(am/is/are +
been+v-ing)
Past Para falar de: I was reading a book when he came
Continuous o que estava a fazer in.
(was/were + v-
quando algo aconteceu.
ing) He was reading the paper, while I
was eating breakfast.
 Duas aces que
acontecem ao mesmo
tempo no passado.

A. Complete with the correct form ( present simple affirmative, interrogative or negative) of these
verbs: have, study, watch, do, borrow, get up, read, eat

1. We _________________ (borrow) books from the library twice a month.

2. Richard never ____________ (do) the shopping on Saturdays.

3. Sheila _______________ ( not/do) very much. Thats why shes so thin.

4. What time ________ you usually ______ (have) breakfast?

5. The children _____________ (not/get up) until 8 oclock in the morning.

6. My friend Gill _____________ (study) at London University.

7. What kind of books _________ your mother ______________ (read) ?

8. Jenny _______________ too much television (watch).

B. Choose the present simple or the present continuous.

1. Jane never has/is having breakfast at home.

2. We learn/are learning English at the moment.

3. This week I read/am reading a new novel.

4. Peter always complains/is complaining about the food.

5. We go/are going for a walk everyday, but today we stay/are staying in.

6. What time do you come/are you coming back tonight?

C. Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous or present simple.

1.Im afraid I __________________ (not understand) what he __________ (say)

2. Who _________ (cook) dinner tonight?

3. I really ___________ (not know) what you ___________ (talk) about.

4. ________________ (you/go) abroad this summer? Yes, I ____________ (visit) Italy.

5. What ___________ (you/think) they ____________ (do) tomorrow?

Source: English Grammar Longman

D. Complete this text about S. Paulo, Brazil, using the Simple Present or the Present Continuous
Everyone ____________ (know) what a megacity ___________ (look) like. Take S. Paulo for example.
S. Paulo _____________ (be) one of the most densely populated cities in the world. A third of its
population ___________ (live) in slums, where their standard of living is unbelievably low.

Today safety in S. Paulo ______________ (get) worse and worse and social discontent _____________
(grow) bigger and bigger. Robberies and assaults _____________ (happen) everywhere, everyday.

In an effort to stop violence the government _________ (try) to take stricter safety measures, but things
_____________ (not seem) easy to solve.

Adapted from "That's It!" 11 Ano

E. Put the verbs in the correct tense: simple past or past continuous.

1. While we were walking (walk) hoeme, it started (start) to rain.

2. George ________________ (read) the newspaper while his wife _____________(cook) dinner.

3. John ___________ (fall) off the ladder while he ____________ (wash) the window.

4. Sorry to interrupt you. I _____________ (not know) you __________ (have) lunch.

5. When I ___________ (get up) this morning, my father ___________ (listen) to the radio.

6. Peter ____________ (sleep) in front of the television when someone __________ (knock) at the door.

F. Complete with the simple past or past continuous of the verbs in brackets.

1. While Jack __________________ (watch) television, his wife _________________ (clean) the house.

2. Davids car _________ (break) down so he ___________ (take) it to the garage.

3. The children__________ (play) football when it ____________ (start) to rain

4. I ______________ (switch) on the lights because it ___________ (get) dark.

5. When I ___________ (open) the window this morning, the birds ____________ (sing) outside.

6. They _______________ (have) dinner when the telephone _________________.

G. Use the verbs in brackets in the simple past or the present perfect.

1. She _____________ (not write) to me for a long time.

2. I _______________ (have) an accident last night.

3. Call the police. Someone ___________ (just/steal) my handbag.

4. They ___________ (not return) from their holidays yet.

5. Mary ___________ (break) her leg. I __________ (see) her walking on crutches yesterday.

6. Last week was the first time I ____________ (drive) a car.

7. Its the first time I am in this city. I ____________ (never/be) here before.
H. Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Many people (think/ are thinking) that the battle for a "better and clean world" is helpless.

2. Environmentalists (are feeling/will feel) totally satisfied when there is no more pollution.

3. People often (left/leave) rubbish behind when they go on a picnic.

4. They (are having/ have) a panel on environmental issues on BBC this evening at 10.

5. I always (am taking/take) public transport to school. This way I try to minimise the human
impact on earth.

6. Due to recent disasters, some people all over Europe (protest/are protesting) against the use of aging oil
tankers.

7. My friend Peter (has left/left) for Italy a few days ago.

8. She fell asleep while the train (rolled/was rolling) slowly down the mountain.

9. He always (feel/feels) sick when he smokes a cigarette.

10. If she studies, Im sure she (is passing/ will pass) her exams.

11. The train (had already left /has already left) when we got to the station.

12. We (see/will see) Mary on Monday.

13. The next train (leaves/will leave) at 7.30

14. They (emigrated/have emigrated) to America in 1965 and (have lived/ live) there since then.

15. Mr Davis (is/ has been) in hospital since he (was/ has been) run over by a bus two weeks ago.

16. The Davies (have just moved/ just moved) into a new flat, you know.

17. Many people (lose/lost) their lives and property in the Great Fire of London.

K. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

1. My friends and I usually ............ out to the disco on Saturday nights. (go)

2. My children never ............... their beds when they .......... to school. (make/leave)

3. The Douglas ............... a well-paid job (not have)

4. The English ............ tea about six times a day (drink)

5. The postman ................ twice a day. (not come)

6. George, what.................... this morning? (you/do)

7. Look! He.............. now. (come).

8. She ............. at home this evening (stay).

9. I........... tickets for the cinema tonight (buy)

10. I hope it ............... nice day next Sunday, (be)

11. What ............., if he doesn't come? (you/will)

12. I ............. there on time. I promise you. (be)

13................. to a rock concert? (you/ever/be)

14. Tom's father................. a musician since he left school. (be)

15. I................. . for the cinema tickets. (already/pay)

16. ................ the seats yet? ( you/book)

17. Jill .......... in New York for two weeks, but she ......... a musical on Broadway yet. (be/not see)

18. The band.............. the studio (just/left)

19. They ............. to this town three years ago. (move)

20. I ................ my last holidays in Spain. (spend)

21. Last night I.............. asleep while I.................. TV. (fall /watch)

22. The phone ............ while I................. a bath yesterday. (rang/ have)

23. It .............. to rain as I .............. home, (begin/ walk)

24. When I came home last night, she ............... (already/leave).

25. They ...............all the seats when I got to the box office. (already/sell)

L. Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets

1. ________________ you (read/have read) Rachel Carson's Silent Spring? Yes, I __________
(have/did). I __________ (read/have read) it a few months ago.

2. Although Silent Spring was written many years ago people _____________ (didn't cease/haven't
ceased) to admire it.

3. Rachel Carsons books ____________ (contribute/have contributed) a lot to rise concern about
environmental issues.

4. Rachel Carson ___________ (started/has started) her career as a Marine Biologist.

5. Silent Spring ______________ (was published/has been published) in 1962 and _______________
(has been read/was read) ever since by thousands of people.

M. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

I usually ____________ ( watch) TV for about 3 hours a day and right now I _______________ (watch) a
documentary about environment. My brother __________________ (not like) documentaries, so I can
only ___________ (watch) half of my programme and then we have to change channels so that he
_____________ (can) watch half of his favourite programme, cartoons.

I ______________ (not like) cartoons very much. So, when we _________ (change) channels I, most of
the times, _________(go) to my bedroom and do my homework.

Today I must write a report about the school trip we ______________ (do) to the Zoo last Wednesday.
We ____________ (go) there with some of our teachers and we _____________ (see) lots of strange
animals. I ____________ (enjoy) it very much, because I really ____________ (like animals).

____________________ (you/ever/be) to the Zoo? Some people _________ (think) Zoos are a sort of
prisons for the animals that are kept there, but I _____________ (disagree) totally with it. All the animals
I _____________ (see) there last Wednesday _______________ (seem) to be happy. At least they
__________ (feel) protected there.
Preparao para o Exame de Equivalncia Frequncia Ingls (11 Ano)

Ficha de Trabalho 6

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VERB INVERSION (inverso do verbo)

USO EXEMPLOS
Como forma enftica em fases que Rarely do they speak English.
comeam com alguns advrbios ou expresses
Only by chance does he come on time.
adverbiais: Hardly (dificilmente); scarcely
(dificilmente) ;seldom (raramente); rarely No sooner was a new legislation
(raramente); never (nunca); not only (no implemented, than the unemployment rate
s); only (apenas) ; no sooner ... than (mal); fell drastically
no longer (jamais); nowhere (em parte
alguma); neither (nem);nor (nem); in vain Never in his life will he make such a good
profit.
(em vo); little (pouco); not even (nem
mesmo),seldom (raramente) Only after learning it could I teach local
Quando o verbo est no presente a inverso workmen how to restore those old precious
faz-se com do+sujeito+verbo. houses.
Quando o verbo est no passado a inverso
Seldom does she visit her old friends.
faz-se com did+sujeito+verbo.
Os verbos be, have, will, would, can, may,
Rarely can we speak English.
should e outros modal verbs fazem a inverso
sem do/did.

Exercises Clique aqui para ver a correco

Exercise A - Follow the example and rewrite the following sentences starting as indicated below.

Example: They hardly take their opinions into consideration.

Hardly do they take their opinions into consideration.

1. He seldom writes to his family

Seldom .....................................

2. He has rarely visited us

Rarely ................................

3. He hardly understands what she says.

Hardly ......................

4. They made the law effective only in this way.

Only in this way ....

5. I haven't seen anything like that before.

Never before ...

6. I could hardly believe it.

Hardly ...

7. He hardly knew what to do about it.

Hardly ......

8. He didn't speak to me even once.

Not even once .....

9. The protests against globalisation were nowhere stronger than in London.

Nowhere ....

10. Retired people seldom protest or demonstrate.

Seldom ....

11. I have rarely seen her these days.

Rarely ...

12. As soon as the production rises the living conditions improve.

No sooner ...

13. My parents have never been out of Portugal

Never before

14. Fred jumped over the garden wall as soon as he saw the policeman.

No sooner

15. As soon as Sophie arrived at the office she saw Guys message inviting her for dinner.

No sooner

16. They rarely go out in the evening.

Rarely

17. I have never seen such a courageous woman.

Never

18. I have never worked so much before.

Never before
19. I only knew what I had got myself into by chance.

Only by chance

20. I know little what was about to happen.

Little

21. He can hardly express his feelings in words.

Hardly

22. I wont have a holiday until Summer.

Not until

23. You rarely face such a difficult situation.

Rarely

24. I had hardly got home when I remembered her message.

Hardly
Ficha de Trabalho 5

______________________________________________________________________

Clauses of Concession: however (contudo); although (embora); in spite of (apesar de); nevertheless
(contudo)

A. Rewrite as indicated below. The first is already done as an example

1. Pam was not felling well, however she went to school.

Although Pam was not feeling well, she went to school.

In spite of not feeling well, Pam went to school.

2. Tom was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted in disturbing the class.

Although

In spite of

3. Mary tried several times, but she couldnt find a taxi.

Although, .

In spite of

4. Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company.

Despite

5. They didnt have much time, however they came to visit us.

In spite of .

6. He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning.

Although .

Despite .

7. Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy.

In spite of

8. Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job.

In spite of .

9. I didnt like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same.

a) Although

In spite of
10. I told her all the truth. However she didnt believe me.

a) Although

b) In spite of

11. They didnt play well, but they won the game.

a) Although

b) Despite

12. They felt very cold but they didnt turn on the heater.

Despite

13. Bill had a terrible headache. However he kept working.

a) Although

b) In spite of

14. He has all the necessary books but he doesnt use them to study.

Despite

15. She works very hard but she doesnt deserve a raise.

a) Although

b) In spite of

16. She is not prepared for the test, but she has to do it.

Despite

17. She was ill but she had to go to school.

Although

18. It was a nice sunny but there was nobody at the beach.

a) Although

b) Is spite of

19. He arrived later but he finished work earlier than the others.

Although ..

20. The new waitress seems honest and diligent. However the boss doesnt like her.

a) Although

b) In spite of
Preparao para o Exame de Equivalncia Frequncia Ingls (11 Ano)

Ficha de Trabalho 4

________________________________________________________________________________

Conditional Clauses (Oraes Condicionais)

If = se

Unless = If ... not = a menos que

First Conditional - Exprime :

1. algo que quase de certeza acontecer

If + present Future/can (will + infinitive)

or, (can + infinitive)
If you go to the exhibition, you will enjoy it

2. instrues

If + present Imperative
If you want coffee with milk, press button A

Second Conditional Exprime uma condio hipottica. Algo improvvel de acontecer.

If + past simple Conditional (would + infinitive)

Or, (could + infinitive)
If you went to the exhibition, you would enjoy it

Third Conditional Exprime uma situao impossvel de acontecer.

If + past perfect Conditional Perfect

(had + past participle) (would have + past participle
If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it

Unless = If ... not (a menos que)

E.g. If It doesn't stop raining, I won't leave home.

Unless it stops raining, I won't leave home

_________________________________________________________________________

Exercises Clique aqui para ver a correco

A. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. What will you do, if you ___________________________ (win) the lottery?

2. If you ____________________ (refuse) my offer, I would be very surprised.

3. We can have lunch in the park, if it _______________________ (not/rain)

4. If you are hungry, we __________________________ (go) to a restaurant.

5. If I _________________________ (see) Paul, I would have told him to go home.

6. I ___________________________ (invite) you, for a drink if I didnt feel so tired.

7. He would pass the exam, if he ______________________ (study) more.

8. If he had been more careful, he _____________________ (avoid) the accident.

B. Rewrite as indicated below. The first one is already done as an example

1st Conditional

1. Don't keep making noise, or Ill call the headmaster.

I'll call the headmaster, if you keep making noise.

2. I dont talk to John because he doesnt apologize.

......................................, if he apologises.

3. He doesn't help you because you don't ask him.

He ................................................, if you ask him.

4. You don't get the best seats because you don't arrive early.

If you arrive early, you .....

5. He makes mistakes. He is not promoted.

If he doesnt make mistakes, he ...

6. Peter wants to go to the match. He goes alone.

If Peter wants to go to the match, he .... .

2nd. Conditional

7. I don't buy a new video camera because I don't have enough money.
If I had enough money, I would buy a new video camera.

8. He doesn't invest much, that's why he is not a successful manager.

He would be a successful manager, if ....

9. You don't give up drinking. You don't feel well.

If you ..... , you would feel much better.

10. I don't do my homework because I don't know how to do it.

I would do my homework, if I ....

11. He only did that because you pushed him.

He wouldnt do that if you ....

12. The dog didn't bite the girl because the owner stopped it.

The dog ................................................ if the owner didnt stop it.

13. You missed the lesson. The teacher reprehended you.

The teacher wouldnt reprehend you if you ....

3rd conditional

14. You didn't arrive early. You missed the train.

If you had arrived earlier, you wouldnt have missed the train.

15. I didn't hear the weather forecast. So, I didn't bring the umbrella.

If I had heard the weather forecast,...

16. You spent the night at the pub. You didn't study much.

If you hadnt spend all night at the pub, you ....

17.You didn't take your raincoat. That's why you got wet.

If you ............................................ , you wouldnt have got wet.

18. She didn't give you a box of chocolates because she didn't know it was your birthday.

If she had known it was your birthday, she... .

19. You didn't spend he holidays with us, that's why you didn't enjoy yourself a lot.

If you ................................................................, you would have enjoyed yourself a lot.

E. Unless

If you dont bring the money, I wont buy you the tickets.
C. Unless . Rewrite as indicated below. The first one is already done as an example.

1. If you dont read your messages, you wont receive e-mail greetings.

Unless you read your messages, you wont receive e-mail greetings.

2. If we didnt walk faster, we wouldnt get there in time.

Unless ...

3. If you didnt arrive early, you wouldnt get the best seats.

Unless...

4. If you dont try harder, youll never succeed.

Unless ...

5. If the weather doesnt get better, Ill stay at home.

Unless ...

6. You wont arrive on time if you dont hurry.

Unless...

7. This theatre will close if they dont get a subsidy.

Unless ...

8. If they hadnt lent me the money, I wouldnt have bought the house.

Unless ...

9. You dont come with me. I wont go to the party.

Unless ...

10. If I don't have to work late, I'll see you tomorrow.

I'll see you tomorrow, unless I __________________________

11. If she doesn't ask me, I will not tell Sue what you said.

Unless she ________________________________________

12. I wouldn't eat fish, if I weren't extremely hungry.

Unless I _________________________________________

13. We must hurry not to be late.

Unless we _______________________________________

14. I was told I had to work hard to pass the exam.

I was told unless I worked ___________________________

15. Children are only allowed to use the swimming pool if they are with an adult.

Unless .they _____________________________________________________

16. The doctor will not see you today, if it is not an emergency.

Unless it ________________________________________________________

17. I don't go to the party, if you don't come with me.

Unless you _____________________________________________________

18. He'll only answer if you ask him a question.

Unless you ______________________________________________________

19. I'll only help you if you ask me to.

Unless you _______________________________________________________

D. 1st; 2nd; 3rd Conditional - Re-write as indicated below. The first one is already done as an
example.

1. We rejected the offer because they didn't clarify their position.

If they had clarified their position, we wouldnt have rejected the offer.

2. I don't sell my car because they don't pay much money for it.

If they paid more money for my car ____________________________________

3. I'm sure you didn't leave your watch in my house, because I didn't find it.

If you had left your watch in my house, _______________________________

5. Be careful, or you'll get hurt.

You'll get hurt, if you ________________________________________________

6. She didn't give me the ring , because she didn't find it.

If she had found the ring, ______________________________________________

7. You don't feel better because you don't take much exercise.

If you took more exercise, ______________________________________________

8. She didn't apply for the job, because she didn't know about it.

If she had known about it, she ______________________________________

9. You must write the test carefully, not to repeat it all again.
If you write _________________________________________________________.

10. Hurry up or you'll miss the train.

You'll miss the train, if __________________________________________________

11. John doesn't drive carefully. He has had too many accidents.

If John drove _______________________________________________________ .

12. The weather isn't fine. We can't go to the beach.

If the weather was ___________________________________________________.

13. You didn't go to the party. I didn't dance with you.

If you had gone _____________________________________________________.

14. You don't spend your holiday in Spain. You don't learn how to dance the flamenco.

If you spent ________________________________________________________.

15. She didn't take my advice. She didn't feel happy .

She would have felt __________________________________________________.

16. You must run to catch the train.

If you don't run, ________________________________________________ .

17. They have to work harder, to succeed.

If they don't work harder, _____________________________________________.

E. Rewrite as follows (1st, 2nd, 3rd conditionals; unless). The first one is already done as an
example.

1. Jane doesn't arrive on time. I don't talk to her.

But, if Jane arrived on time, I would talk to her.

2. We may see Henry, we give him your message.

If we see ...

3. You don't know how to swim, so you can't come with us.

If you knew ...

4. You can't find a good job, because you aren't qualified enough.

But, if you were qualified ...

Unless you ....

5. Francisco doesn't speak English. He doesn't find a job in England.

If Francisco spoke ...

Unless he speaks ....

6. You didn't apply for the job, that's why you didn't get it .

If you had applied...

7. She didn't find a good seat because she didn't come on time.

If she had come....

Preparao para o Exame de Equivalncia Frequncia Ingls (11 Ano)

Ficha de Trabalho 3

______________________________________________________________________

PASSIVE VOICE
Verb Tense Active Passive
Present simple The cows are kept here by the farmer
The farmer keeps the cows here
Present continuous The house is being painted
They are painting the house
Past Simple John wrote the letter The letter was written by John
Past continuous Sally was driving the car The car was being driven by Sally
Present perfect The police has raid the area The area has been raided by the police
Present perfect The police has been raiding the area The area has been being raided by the
continuous police
Past perfect They had never done it before It had never been done before
Past perfect continuous They had been restoring the old The old house had been being restored
house
Future We will finish it soon. It will be finished soon
Conditional They would do it in time. It would be done in time
Modals They can't farm that land. That land can't be farmed
Indirect Passive Passiva (Passiva idiomtica)
(o complemento indirecto passa para sujeito da passiva)
Active Passive
They pay him a good salary He is paid a good salary
They offered Jack a new job Jack was offered a new job
We will give her all the support she needs She will be given all the support she needs
Alternative Passive
Active Passive
They say nuclear energy presents too many It is said that nuclear energy presents too many
disadvantages disadvantages
 Nuclear energy is said to present too many
disadvantages

EXERCISES Clique aqui para ver a correco

A. Change into the passive (The first one is already done as an example)

Present Simple

1. They kill 50.000 seals a year

50.000 seals are killed a year

2. He gives an interview every month

An interview

3. The housekeeper doesn't lock the door every night

The door ...

4. They buy the newspaper every day.

The newspaper

5. They sell the newspaper in that kiosk.

The newspaper ...

Present Continuous

1. John is writing a new article on consumerism

A new article on consumerism is being written by John.

2. They are building a new road.

A new road .

3. Pollution isnt affecting the area.

The area

Past Simple

1. He increased the voltage slowly

The voltage was increased.

2. He occasionally turned the machine off

The machine ...

3. They didnt give any information about the school rules.

No information ...

4. We didnt see the advertisements.

The advertisements

Past Simple continuous

1.They were carrying out a survey.

A survey was being carried out.

2. The TV was informing the consumers.

The consumers

3.Peter wasnt taking a different attitude

A different attitude

4. They were studying the problem.

The problem .

Present Perfect

1.The police have raided the area frequently.

The area has been raided by the police

2.Somebody has scratched my car

My car ...

3. Somebody has killed the President

The President ...

4. They havent contacted her mother yet.

Her mother....

5. We havent executed all their orders yet.

All their orders

6. Jack has written that note

That note

7. We have just visited that old medieval town

That old medieval town

Present Perfect continuous

1. They havent been executing his orders.

His orders havent been being executed.

2. They have been warning the population about the dangers of contaminated water.

The population

Past perfect

1. They had followed his example

His example

2. We hadnt visited that town yet.

That town

3. They had published a new book.

A new book .

Future; Conditional; Modal verbs

1. They will postpone the meeting.

The meeting will be postponed.

2. They can produce the brochures here.

The brochures

3. You must abandon the scheme.

The scheme

4. They couldn't repair the tractor.

The tractor ...

5. They would encourage the students to use the dictionary.

The students ..

6. They must repair the pavements.

The pavements

B. Rewrite as indicated below (the first is already done as an example)

1.The policeman stopped the burglar

The burglar was stopped by the burglar.

2. Thousands of people watched the rock concert

The rock concert ...

3. They will repair our bathroom at the end of the week.

Our bathroom...

4. They have elected a new President.

A new President ...

5. The government is building a new hospital.

A new hospital ...

6. They have closed the motorway.

The motorway ...

7. Our students write interesting articles for the school newspaper.

Interesting articles ...

8. Someone stole my wallet.

My wallet ...

9. The Greek team won the European cup.

The European cup ...

10. The waiter in a red coat served dinner.

Dinner ...

11. They have closed the school.

The school

12. Millions of people speak English all over the world.

English ...

13. One of the students left the gym equipment in the playground.

The gym equipment ...

14. The burglars have left the office door open.

The office door ...

15. The people of London have welcomed the Queen.

The Queen ...

16. The headmaster will punish the students that have missed the classes.

The students that have missed the train ...

17. The director postponed the meeting.

The meeting ...

18. The City Mayor is doing a good work.

A good work ...

19. The police have arrested a group of terrorists.

A group of terrorists ...

20. The English team will play the semi-final next Friday evening.

The semi-final ...

C. Indirect Passive - Rewrite the following sentences as indicated below (the first one is already
done as an example)

1. They give us the information every week.

E.g. We are given the information every week.

2. They don't give him a present every year

He ...

3. They usually tell her everything they know.

She ...

4. They arent telling her all the truth

She .

5. They arent paying him much.

He ..

6. He didn't tell Mr Y what was happening.

Mr Y ...

7. They paid Mr Y 500

Mr Y ...

8. The experiment didn't injure Mr Y

Mr Y ...
9. They didn't ask Mr Y to come back later

Mr Y....

10. They werent informing her properly.

She .

11. The teacher has given the students a severe telling-off

The students ...

12. They have been visiting Mary a lot lately.

Mary

13. They had already given her that book.

She .

14 They will accuse her of theft.

She....

15. They told us she is working at the international office

We ...

16. They allowed her to make remarks during the rehearsal.

She ...

17. Nobody could allow him to play hockey because he wouldnt keep the rules.

He ...

18. They have granted her the request to open a shop here.

She ...

19. They will allow you to take part in the festival.

You ...

20. No one expected her to answer.

She ...

21. Someone gave the guide a good tip for his service

The guide ...

22. They will offer him lots of money for his discovery.

He....
23. Somebody insulted me when I was walking down the street.

I ...

24. They paid him ten shillings a day.

He ...

D. Rewrite these sentences in the passive form. Miscellaneous (the first one is already done as an
example)

1. Someone gave him the wrong medicine.

He was given the wrong medicine.

2. People have offered Mary a lot of money.

Mary ...

3. Someone has broken the glasses.

The glasses ...

4. The authorities are banning the traffic from the city centres

The traffic ...

5. People all over the world are learning English.

English ...

6. Someone painted the walls.

The walls ...

7. The players are wearing new equipment for the match next Saturday.

A new equipment ...

8. They must build a new bridge over the river.

A new bridge ...

9. They ate all the food at the party.

All the food ...

10. They didnt leave any drinks on the table.

No drinks ...

E. Rewrite as indicated below - Miscellaneous (the first one is already done as an example)

1.Someone showed the child how to use the telephone

The child was shown how to use the phone

2. They have promised Mary a new opportunity.

Mary.....................

3. They asked her to sign her name at the information desk.

She....................

4. The embassies are refusing young people a visa.

Young people................

5. The doctor won't prescribe us a different diet

We....................

6. They will ask you several questions.

You...................

7. They hadnt promised him a rise in the salary.

He............................

8.They call young executives "Yuppies"

Young executives..........................

9. Dangerous driving is causing many accidents.

Many accidents...

10. They built this house in 1930.

This house....

11. They cancelled the flights because of the fog.

The flights....

12. People have advised us not to out alone.

We.....

13. They have told her to avoid going out at night.

She....

14. They should forbid children to watch some TV programmes.

Children.....

15. We are expecting the result of the tests in about two hours' time.
The result....

16. You must not allow the children to see television until late.

The children....

17. It will be difficult to reach an agreement.

An agreement ...

18. They requested all spectators to leave the stadium in good order.

All spectators....

19. The government sent a team of experts to study the problem.

A team of experts ...

20. The experts will have to instruct the local farmers about the new farming techniques.

The local farmers ...

F. Rewrite as indicated below - Miscellaneous (the first one is already done as an example)

1. They didnt invite me to the party.

I wasnt invited to the party

2. A long noise woke us up in the middle of the night.

We ...

3. I didnt realise that somebody was recording our conversation.

I didnt realise that our conversation ...

4. They have postponed the concert.

The concert ...

5. Somebody has cleaned the room.

The room ...

6. They are building a new ring road round the city.

A new ring road ...

7. They must do something about the situation.

Something ...

8. They cant farm this land.

This land....
9. They keep all their books in here.

All their books....

10. This company employs two hundred people.

Two hundred people .

11. They made a terrible mistake

A terrible mistake

12. Walt Disney created several cartoons

Several cartoons

13. They are decorating the house

The house

14. They gave her a new car on her birthday.

She

15. They will ask John to go to Paris

John

16. We had to postpone our trip to the Bahamas

Our trip

17. You should show Pauline her new bedroom.

Pauline

18. People can keep these plants at home.

These plants

19. They will offer us valuable presents.

We

20. It will be extremely difficult to achieve a similar effect.

A similar effect ...

Reported Speech (Discurso indirecto

Verb Changes (mudanas de tempos verbais)
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Present Simple Past Simple
I want to go He said (that) he wanted to go
 Present Continuous Past Continuous
I am giving a party He said (that) he was giving a party
Past Simple Past Perfect
I gave a party He said he had given a party
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
I was telling a story He said he had been telling a story
Present Perfect Past Perfect
I have given a party He said he had given a party
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
I have been telling a story He said he had been telling a story
Future Conditional
I will give a party He said he would give a party
Other Changes (outras mudanas)
Personal and possessive adjectives: third person
first/second person (passam para a terceira pessoa)
(pronomes na primeira pessoa)
here (aqui) there (ali)
Today (hoje) that day (naquele dia)

Tomorrow (amanh) the following day, the next day (no dia
seguinte)
Yesterday (ontem)
the day before (no dia anterior)
Next week/year... (na prxima
semana/ano ) the following week/year/... (na semana/ano
seguinte)
A year ago (h um ano,)
a year before/the previous year (no ano
anterior)
Nota: Quando o verbo que introduz o discurso indirecto est no presente os tempos
verbais no mudam.

Eg: I want to join your club.

Mary says she wants to join our club

EXERCISES Clique aqui para ver a correco

A. Rewrite the following sentences as follows.

E.g. I work in a garage.

He said that he worked in a garage

1. I like all my classmates.

He said that

2. We are doing a good job.

He said that

3. We didnt have to face any serious difficulty last year.

They said that

4. Im looking forward to my Summer holidays.

She said that

5. We went to Australia last year.

They said that

6. We saw a lot of kangaroos there.

They said that

7. I will visit New Zealand next year.

He said that

8. My friends had already been there the year before.

She said that

B. Some days ago a group of foreign students who attend London University visited the famous
British Museum.

Here are some of the statements they made. Rewrite them as indicated below.

E.g. Pedro: I'll tell Carmen to visit the British Museum next year.

Pedro said that he would tell Carmen to visit the British Museum the following year.

1. Ismini: I enjoy visiting museums, especially when it is cold and wet.

Ismini said that ...

2. Maria: I feel really happy when I see a work of art.

Maria confessed that ...

3. Paolo: I hope we won't spend the whole morning in here.

Paolo said that ...

4. Pedro: I'll never forget the time I had visiting the British Museum.

Pedro confessed that ...

5. Monique: Visiting museums is my hobby. I can spend a whole week in the British Museum without
getting bored..

Monique said that ...

C. Now look at this example and rewrite the following questions as indicated below.

E.g. Pedro: Where can we buy slides?

Pedro asked where they could buy slides.

1. Ismini: How much does this guidebook to the British Museum cost?

Ismini asked ....

2. Maria: How did the British manage to collect all these beautiful things?

Maria wanted to know ...

3. Monique: Do you like modern art, Maria?

Monique asked Maria if ...

4. Paolo: Did you visit the National Gallery last week?

Paolo wanted to know if ...

5. Maria: Monique, what's your opinion of this work of art? Do you like it?

Maria asked Monique ...

D. Now read these commands, advices and requests and rewrite them as indicated below:

E. g. Pedro: Don't make so much noise.

Pedro told them not to make so much noise.

1. Ismini: Please, don't walk so fast.

Ismini asked them ...

2. Monique: You should visit the National Gallery; it's worth it.

Monique advised me ...

3. Paolo: Hurry up? It's getting late.

Paolo told them ...

4. Monique: Don't smoke in here, Pedro.

Monique told Pedro ...

In: Structures in context, Longman (adapted)

E. Rewrite as indicated below. Nr 1 is already done as an example.

1. I am studying English this year.

He said that he was studying English that year.

2. I have visited my parents last week.

He said that ...

3. Ill go to the seaside next summer if I can.

Mr McMillan said that ...

4.They went to Spain two weeks ago.

They wrote me saying that ...

5. I am not going to the cinema today.

She insisted that ...

6. My daughter wants me to buy her a doll like this one .

She said that ...

7. They will come to our party tomorrow.

Aunt Mary told me that ...

8. I cannot understand this passage.

The pupil told his teacher that ...

9. Mary wont come next month. She has a lot of work to do.

Marys mother said that ...

10. Our children are not studying music this year.

Mr Johnson said that ...

F. Report the following questions and commands. Nr 1 is already done as an example.

1. Did you meet my brother yesterday? Mary asked Jane.

Mary asked Jane if she had met her brother the day before.

2. Follow that car! Mr. Smith told the taxi driver.

3. Wait for me in front of the shoe shop. Jane told me.

4. Is this your umbrella?. Tom asked Peter.

5. Go out and dont make a noise! The teacher told his students.

6. Can you show me your driving license! The police asked the lady.

7. Do you want to come with us to the cinema next weekend? John asked me.

8. What are you doing here? Peter asked Jane.

9. Why do you have to ask me these silly questions? Mary asked Peter.

10. Where have you been lately? Mary wanted to know

11. Ive got something here to show you, she said.

12. I am going to meet my grandparents this afternoon, Peter said.

13. If it rains today, we will stay at home and we will play the match tomorrow. they said.

14. I went to my friends birthday party last weekend. I enjoyed it very much, Mary said.

15. Why do you speak so loudly? Mary asked Peter.

16. Fred, are you going with us to the cinema tonight? Mary wanted to know.

17. Dont do that again! Mary advised them.

18. Dont get angry with us. They advised Mary.

19. What hobbies do you have? She asked me.

20 Where do you buy the newspaper? Mary wanted to know.

G. A group of European students went on a ten-day visit to New York. It was the first time they had
been there. They were interviewed during their stay. Report what each one said about New York.

Maria Pei, from Italy - It's a perfect choice of holiday for anyone who likes bright lights and lots to do.

Maria said that she

Nico Ianopolos, from Greece - It's not as expensive as I imagined. You can live here quite cheap if you
know the right places to go. Yesterday I had an excellent meal for 5 dollars.

Nico said that he

Bruce Matlock, from England - I've never seen such a beautiful city in my life.

Bruce said that

Etienne Mathieu, from France - I love this city. It's very noisy, very dirty, but very full of life. I'll
definitely come back next year. Ten days are too short.

Etienne said that she

Kersti Kristiansen, from Denmark - I don't like New York at all. It's too impersonal. I may not stay here
for the full ten days.

Kersti said that she ..

Gilles Poitier, from Luxembourg - I've found the people very friendly and generous. And there seem to
be far more integration between black and white people than I imagined.

Giles said that he

Martin Dressler, from Germany - We don't like the fast food, but the food you get in the restaurant is
wonderful. You can get almost everything you like here.

Martin said that he

In: Developing Strategies

H. Report the following questions:

1. Is your mother at home?

Mrs Brown asked me ...

2. Did you receive my letter last week?

Lauras friend asked me ...

3. Will our Mother be back soon?

John asked his brother ...

4. Have you worked as hard as your brother?

Aunt Mary asked me ...

5. When did you last see John?

She wanted to know ...

6. Which of these books do you want to read?

I asked her ...

7. How many English songs can you sing?

She asked them ...

I. Report the following orders, requests and advices.

1. Dont do this again.

He told me ...

2. Could you shut this door, please.

He asked her ..

3. Will you do it for me?

He asked her...

4. You should be a bit more careful.

He advised her ...

5. "Don't come too late!"

She told him ...

J. Report the following:

1. Its late. I have to go home, he said.

He said that...

2. I didnt like the film. I found it very boring, she said.

She said that ...

3. "I am swimming much better now, she said.

She said that ...

4. Why have you told your mother I was ill?, he asked him.

He asked him ...

5. Dont spend all your pocked money in a day, she advised him.

She advised him ...

6. Did you see my brother Robert at school this morning ?, she asked him.

She asked him ...

7. I will finish all my work tomorrow, he promised.

He promised that ...

8. Have you enjoyed your holidays?, the teacher asked the pupils.

The teacher asked the pupils ...

9. Take your umbrellas with you. It may rain.

The mother told her children ...

10. "My parents enjoyed it a lot", she said.

She said that ...

11. "John has given up his job", she told me.

She told me that ...

12."Why don't you come with me", She asked Peter.

She asked Peter ...

13. "Don't you want to go with us?" She asked Peter.

She asked Peter if ...

14. "Can I borrow your book?" asked Peter.

She asked Peter ...

15. ."What can I do to convince you?" She asked Peter.

She asked Peter

16. "Who is going to help me?" Mr Smith asked.

Mr Smith asked ...

17. "Can I speak to Sam?", Jack asked.

Jack asked ...

18. Take your umbrella, it may rain", His mother told him.

His mother told him...

19. "I have just met your brother in the supermarket," said Alice.

Alice said ...

20. "Tim will not be back before next weekend."

Tim's mother told us ...

21. "Write all these sentences on your exercise-books."

Mr Elliot told the class :::

22. "Did you enjoy your holidays in Greece?"

Mr Elliot asked his neighbour ...

23. "Have you seen your friend Peter lately?",

Mr Elliot asked his son ...

K. Turn into the reported speech.

Note: When the Introductory verb is in the present there are no verb changes

E.g. "I want to go home." He says that he wants to go home

1. "Theyve bought a very beautiful house" .

Mrs Jones has told me that

2. "My students are very hardworking."

A proud teacher usually says that

3. "My mother has given me a lot of toys."

Charles says that

4. "Ill give you some presents on your birthday too."

My husband promises me that