SPANISH I EXAM Study Guide

How should I study for my Spanish exam?

First of all, remember that it is a cumulative exam, so you need to be familiar with
everything we have covered this semester!
Use your flash cards, study lists, or the book to study vocabulary.
Study your notes! Have a friend quiz you on the grammar (verb conjugations, etc.).

UNIT 1

Weather Expressions
Whats the weather like? ________________________
The weather is nice. ________________________
The weather is bad. ________________________
Its cool. ________________________
Its hot. ________________________
Its cold. ________________________
Its sunny. ________________________
Its windy. ________________________
Its raining. ________________________
Its snowing. ________________________

Subjects and Verbs in sentences

Subject Pronouns
I _________________ we (all male or mixed group) _________________
we (all female) _________________

you (informal) ___________ you all (in Spain only)

_________________
you all (in Spain, all female) _________________

you (formal) _________________ you all (everywhere else)

_________________
he _________________ they (masculine) _________________
she _________________ they (feminine) _________________

The verb ser

Present Tense of ser (to be)
yo _________________ nosotros (as) _________________

t _________________ vosotros (as) _________________

l/ella/Usted _________________ ellos/ellas/Uds._________________

Negation (saying no in Spanish sentences)

To make a sentence negative in Spanish, you put _______ in front of the verb.
Example: Mi profesora es de Cuba. No es de Venezuela.

Ser with adjectives

Gender and Adjective Agreement
Nouns and pronouns in Spanish are divided into ______________. Nouns for men and
boys are ______________. Nouns for women and girls are ______________.

Masculine Words: el libro, el amigo, etc. Feminine Words: la clase, la

amiga, etc.
1
 Adjectives describe nouns. They have different ______________ that match, or agree
with, the noun or pronoun in gender. The masculine form of most adjectives end in
_____, while the feminine form ends in _____.

Example: Ral es atltico. Mara es atltica.

Adjectives that end in the letter _____ have the same masculine and feminine forms.
Example: Rafael es inteligente. Raquel es inteligente.

Adjectives ending in ______________ do not add an a, unless they end in ______ or

are adjectives of ______________.

Example: Lorenzo es intelectual y trabajador. Gloria es intelectual y

trabajadora.
Sergio es espaol. Sara es espaola.

Adjectives also agree with nouns in ______________. An adjective that describes one
person or thing is in ______________ form. When it describes more than one person or
thing, its form is ______________. If the singular form ends in a ______________, add s
to make it plural. If it ends in a consonant, add ______.

Example: Marcos es alto. Paco y Luis son altos.

Rosa es intelectual. Mis amigos son intelectuales.

To describe a ______________ group of men and women, or boys and girls, use the
______________ ______________ form of the adjective.

Example: Carlos y Ana son romnticos.

Question Formation
Who? ______________ How? ______________
What? ______________ When? ______________
Where? ______________ Why? ______________
Where from? ______________ What/Which? ______________
Where to? ______________ How much? ______________

Present Tense of the verb Tener

______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
Tener Idioms
_____________________________ = to talk about what you have to do
_____________________________ = to feel like doing something
_____________________________ = to be (very) hungry
_____________________________ = to be (very) thirsty
_____________________________ = to be in a hurry
Possessive Adjectives
Owner Owner
yo ______________ nosotros(as) ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
t ______________ vosotros(as) ______________ ______________
______________ ______________ ______________
usted ______________ ustedes ______________

2
 l/ella ______________ ellos/ellas ______________
Estar with Prepositions
The present tense of the verb estar
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
Prepositions used with estar
______________ = on top of, above
______________ = underneath
______________ = in front of
______________ = behind
______________ = close to, near
______________ = far from
______________ = next to

Negation with nunca, tampoco, nadie, and nada

______________ = never
______________ = neither, not either
______________ = nothing, not anything
______________ = nobody, not anybody *No is always placed before the
verb in Spanish!
UNIT 2

Nouns and Definite Articles

Masculine Feminine
Singular _____________ _____________
Plural _____________ _____________

Indefinite Articles a or an
Masculine Feminine
Singular ______________ ______________
Plural ______________ ______________

Present Tense of Regular AR Verbs

These are the Present Tense Verb Endings of AR verbs

yo _________________ nosotros (as) _________________

t _________________ vosotros (as) _________________

l/ella/Usted _________________ ellos/ellas/Uds._________________

To conjugate a verb (or change it to agree with a subject), you must _____ the AR
infinitive ending and add the new endings from the chart above.
Example: yo + cantar = canto t + escuchar = escuchas ellos + bailar
= bailan

The Present Tense of ER -IR endings and IR

Verbs ______________ _____________
-ER endings ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
3
 ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Hay que and Tener que

Tener que + infinitive is one way to express obligation or necessity. This expression
can be translated as "someone has to do something." Tener is conjugated according to
the subject of the sentence.

o Tengo que comer las verduras.

o I have to eat the vegetables.

Hay= there is or there are

Hay que + infinitive is used to express the idea of "one must do something" or, "it is
necessary to do something." It is a more general expression and since there is no
subject, the verb form hay is always used.

o Hay que tomar un taxi.

o It is necessary to take a taxi.

UNIT 3

Por qu? and porque- What is the difference?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

The preposition de
_____ is used to show possession or relationship.
Example: Es el carro de Ernesto. Its Ernests car.
Son los amigos de la profesora. Theyre the teachers friends.

In addition, de can be used to indicate what ______________ of thing youre

describing.
Example: los libros de aventura adventure books
las pelculas de misterio mystery movies

The word de can also be used to say where somebody is ______________.

Exampke: Julio es de Costa Rica. Julio is from Costa Rica.
When you combine de + el, it forms the contraction _______. Example: los libros del
profesor

Ir + a + Infinitives
The present tense of ir (to go)
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Stem Changing Verbs o ue

Heres an example of the verb dormir (to sleep)
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________ *dormir hasta = to sleep until
Other o ue stem changing verbs are
4
 ______________ = to have lunch
______________ = to go back or to come back
______________ = to rain
______________ = to play (a sport, a game)
Present Tense of ir and jugar

Present Tense of ir (to go)

yo _________________ nosotros (as) _________________

t _________________ vosotros (as) _________________

l/ella/Usted _________________ ellos/ellas/Uds._________________

Present Tense of jugar (to play) careful, this is a stem-changing verb!

yo _________________ nosotros (as) _________________

t _________________ vosotros (as) _________________

l/ella/Usted _________________ ellos/ellas/Uds._________________

The verb gustar

Use the verb ______________ to say what people like. If the thing they like is singular,
use ______________. If its plural, use ______________.
Put one of these pronouns before gustar to say who likes something:
_____ gusta(n) I like _____ gusta(n) we like
_____ gusta(n) you (informal) like _____ gusta(n) you all like (Spain only)
_____ gusta(n) he/she likes, _____ gusta(n) they like,
you (formal) like you all like (Ustedes
version)
Gustar with Infinitives
An infinitive tells the meaning of a verb without naming any ______________ or
______________. There are _____ kinds of infinitives in Spanish: those ending in _____,
_____, or _____.

-AR Infinitives = cantar, hablar, bailar, practicar, escuchar

-ER Infinitives = comer, correr, leer, ver
-IR Infinitives = escribir, salir

Just like nouns, infinitives can be used after a verb like gustar to say what you
and others _________ to do.

Example: Me gusta la msica. noun Me gusta cantar. infinitive

Always use ______________ (not gustan) with infinitives!

Example: Me gustan los deportes. plural noun Me gusta jugar al tennis.

inf. Verb

UNIT 4

Stem Changing Verbs e ie

Heres an example of the verb empezar (to begin, to start)
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
5
 Other e ie stem changing verbs are
______________ = to have a snack
______________ = to understand
______________ = to want
______________ = to have (but this verb has an irregular yo form!)

Present Tense of querer with Infinitives

Present Tense of querer (to want)
yo _________________ nosotros (as) _________________

t _________________ vosotros (as) _________________

l/ella/Usted _________________ ellos/ellas/Uds._________________

Present Tense of preferir (to prefer)

yo _________________ nosotros (as) _________________

t _________________ vosotros (as) _________________

l/ella/Usted _________________ ellos/ellas/Uds._________________

Direct Objects and Direct Object Pronouns

Masculine Feminine
Singular ______________ = him/it ______________ = her/it
Plural ______________ = them ______________ = them

Direct Object Pronouns go ______________ the conjugated verb. If there is an infinitive in the
sentence,
the pronouns go ______________ the conjugated verb or they are ______________ the end of
the infinitive.

Indirect Objects and Indirect Object Pronouns

The indirect object is the person who ______________ the direct object or the person who
______________ from the action of the verb. You must always use the preposition ___ before
an indirect object!

An indirect object pronoun stands for an indirect object (always a person). The I.O.
pronoun can take the place of the indirect object or be used ______________ with it.

Please make sure you know when to use the following Indirect Object Pronouns!
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Stem Changing Verbs e i

The present tense of the verb pedir (to ask, to order)
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
The present tense of the verb servir (to serve)
6
 ______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Irregular yo Forms
Hacer = ______________

______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Poner = ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Traer = ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Saber = ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Ver = ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

Salir = ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________

The verb Venir __________________

______________ ______________
______________ ______________
______________ ______________