O Grande Zimbabwe

INTRODUO AO MEIO-
AMBIENTE/ENVIRONMENTAL
INTRODUCTION (1744) > COMO ESTA O
PLANETA/HOW IS THE PLANET (1399)
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GREEN AGENDA (1237)
AFRICA (551)
SOUTHERN AFRICA (113)
ZIMBABWE (1) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2014/07/introducao-ao-meio-
ambienteenvironmenta_17.html] ,
ZIMBABWE (2)
ANCIENT HISTORY
Stone Age
The history of human civilization in South Africa

goes through the now Zimbabwe, where in
several regions of the Stone Age utensils and
pebble tools were found region, indicating
human settlement for centuries and the ruins of
stone buildings provide evidence of early
civilization. The most impressive of these sites
are the ruins of the "Great Zimbabwe", located
near Masvingo, most likely the stone structures
were built between the 9th and 13th centuries
AD by indigenous Africans establishing business
contacts with commercial centers on the
southeastern coast of Africa and Asia.
Great Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe is a ruined city in the

mountains southeast of the current Zimbabwe,
near Lake Mutirikwe and the town of Masvingo,
near the mountains of Chimanimani and
Chipinge District. It was the capital of the
Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the late Iron Age
the country. The construction of the monument
by ancestors of the Shona people began in the
11th century and continued until the 14th
century, covering an area of 722 hectares, and
at its peak could have housed up to 18,000
people. It is recognized as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
Great Zimbabwe served as a royal palace for

the Zimbabwean monarch and would have been
used as the seat of political power. One of its
most prominent features are the stone walls,
some of which have more than five meters high
and which were constructed without mortar.
Eventually, the city was abandoned and fell into
disrepair. In 1531 the Portuguese Vicente
Caught saw the ruins and Europeans began to
visit the ruins only from 1871.
In Zimbabwe there are many ruins and to

distinguish from other ruins, adopted the name
Great Zimbabwe to the impressive ruins of
stone buildings. Zimbabwe means for native
peoples Shona, "stone house". The first
Europeans in the 19th century did not believe
that black African natives knew building houses
and stone walls with such precision. Most
scholars believe that it was built by members of
Gokomere culture, who were ancestors of the
Shona in Zimbabwe.
[http://33.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_memp6sgcjs1retv03o2_500.png]
33.media.tumblr.com [http://33.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_memp6sgcjs1retv03o2_500.png]
Building of stones began in the 11th century

and continued for over 300 years. The ruins of
Great Zimbabwe are some of the oldest and
largest structures located in Southern Africa and
is the second oldest after nearby Mapungubwe
in South Africa's most formidable edifice,
commonly referred to as the Great Enclosure,
has walls of 11 m height extending for 250 m,
the largest ancient structure south of the
Sahara Desert and included other ruins occupy
an area of 7.22 km2. Resisted the ruins until
the present day because was built by stones.
The area was inhabited Great Zimbabwe
between the fourth and the seventh centuries,
communities or cultures Gokomere Zivo and
cultivated in the valley and carved and worked
iron, but no building stone structures and are
the first settlements of the Iron Age in area
identified from archaeological excavations.
The ruins form three distinct architectural

groups. They are known as the Hill Complex,
the Valley Complex and the Great Enclosure
complex. The Hill Complex is the oldest and was
occupied from the ninth to the thirteenth
centuries. The Great Siege was occupied from
the 13th to the 15th century and the Valley
Complex from the 14th to the 16th century.
Complex Valley is divided into the Upper and
Lower Ruins, with different periods of
occupation. There are many statues (mostly
birds) and utensils made of soapstone.
Archeological evidence suggests that Great

Zimbabwe became a trade center, part of a
trade network linked to Kilwa and extending to
China. Copper coins found in Kilwa Kisiwani
seem to be of the same pure ore found on the
Swahili coast. This international trade was
mainly in gold and ivory, and found fragments
of Chinese pottery, coins from Arabia, glass
beads and other items in Zimbabwe. Despite
these strong international trade relations, there
is no evidence to suggest exchange of
architectural concepts between Great Zimbabwe
and centers such as Kilwa.
The causes for the decline and final

abandonment of the site around 1450 have
been suggested as due to a decline in trade
compared to sites further north, political
instability, hunger and water scarcity induced
by climate change. The Mutapa state arose in
the fifteenth century, with the expansion to the
north of Great Zimbabwe.
(Next edition, Monday, July 21, 2014 : Southern Africa /

History)
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zimbabwe-self-drive-tour-1.jpg]
namibia-tours-safaris.com [http://www.namibia-tours-safaris.com/assets/images/banner-
ultimate-zimbabwe-self-drive-tour-1.jpg]
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lonelyplanet.com [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/africa/zimbabwe/map_of_zimbabwe.jpg]
AGENDA VERDE (1237)
FRICA (551)
FRICA MERIDIONAL (113)
ZIMBBUE (1) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2014/07/introducao-ao-meio-
ZIMBBUE (2)
HISTRIA ANTIGA
Idade da Pedra
A histria da civilizao humana na frica

Meridional passa pela regio do atual Zimbbue,
onde em vrias regies foram encontrados
utenslios da Idade da Pedra e ferramentas de
calhau, indicando assentamentos humanos por
muitos sculos e as runas de edifcios de pedra
fornecem evidncias da civilizao primitiva. O
mais impressionante desses sites so as runas
do "Grande Zimbbue", localizado perto
Masvingo, muito provavelmente as estruturas
de pedra foram construdas entre os sculos 9 e
13 dC pelos africanos indgenas que
estabelecendo contatos comerciais com os
centros comerciais na costa sudeste da frica e
sia.
Grande Zimbbue
Grande Zimbbue uma cidade em runas nas

montanhas ao sudeste do atual Zimbbue,
perto do Lago Mutirikwe e da cidade de
Masvingo, perto das montanhas de
Chimanimani e no Distrito Chipinge. Foi a
capital do Reino do Zimbbue durante o final da
Idade do Ferro do pas. A construo do
monumento por ancestrais do povo Shona
comeou no sculo 11 e continuou at o sculo
14, abrangendo uma rea de 722 hectares, e
no seu auge, pode ter abrigado at 18.000
pessoas. reconhecido como um Patrimnio
Mundial pela UNESCO.
Grande Zimbabwe serviu como um palcio real

para o monarca do Zimbbue e teria sido usado
como sede do poder poltico. Uma de suas
caractersticas mais proeminentes so as
paredes de pedra, algumas das quais tem mais
de cinco metros de altura e que foram
construdos sem argamassa. Eventualmente, a
cidade foi abandonada e caiu em runa. Em
1531 o portugus Vicente Pegado avistou as
runas e os europeus comearam a visitar as
runas somente a partir de 1871.
Em Zimbbue existem muitas runas e para

distinguir das demais runas, adotou-se o nome
Grande Zimbbue para as impressionantes
runas das construes de pedras. Zimbbue
significa para os povos nativos Shona, "casa de
pedras". Os primeiros europeus do sculo 19
no acreditavam que os nativos africanos
negros soubessem construir casas e muros de
pedra com tamanha preciso. A maioria dos
estudiosos acreditam que ele foi construdo por
membros da cultura Gokomere, que eram
ancestrais dos Shona no Zimbbue.
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s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com [http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/lookandlearn-
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Construo dos edifcios de pedras comeou no

sculo 11 e continuou por mais de 300 anos. As
runas de Grande Zimbabwe so algumas das
estruturas mais antigas e maiores localizadas
na frica Meridional e o segundo mais antigo
depois nas proximidades de Mapungubwe
[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2014/05/intr
oducao-ao-meio-ambienteenvironmenta.html] na frica do
Sul. O edifcio mais formidvel, comumente
referido como o Grande Cerco, tem paredes de
11 m de altura que se estendem por 250 m,
sendo a maior estrutura antiga ao sul do
Deserto do Saara e incluidas outras runas
ocupam uma rea de 7,22 km2. As runas
resisitiram ate os dias atuais por serem
construdas de pedras.
A rea de Grande Zimbabwe foi habitada entre

o quarto e o stimo sculos, pelas comunidades
das culturas Gokomere ou Ziwa e cultivavam no
vale e extraram e trabalharam o ferro, mas
nenhuma construo de estruturas de pedra e
so os primeiros assentamentos da Idade do
Ferro na rea identificados a partir de
escavaes arqueolgicas.
As runas formam trs conjuntos arquitetnicos

distintos. Eles so conhecidos como o Complexo
Hill, Complexo do Vale e Complexo do Grande
Cerco. O Complexo Hill o mais antigo e foi
ocupado a partir do nono ao dcimo terceiro
sculos. O Grande Cerco foi ocupado a partir do
sculo 13 ao 15 e o Complexo do Vale do sculo
14 ao 16. O Complexo do Vale est dividido nas
Runas Superiores e Inferiores, com diferentes
perodos de ocupao. Existem muitas esttuas
(principalmente de aves) e utenslios feitos de
pedra sabo.
Evidncias arqueolgicas indicam que Grande

Zimbbue tornou-se um centro de comrcio,
fazendo parte de uma rede de comrcio ligado a
Kilwa e que se estendia at a China. Moedas de
cobre encontrados em Kilwa Kisiwani parecem
ser do mesmo minrio puro encontrado na
costa Swahili . Este comrcio internacional foi
principalmente em ouro e marfim, sendo
encontrados fragmentos de cermica chinesa,
moedas da Arbia, contas de vidro e outros
itens no Zimbabwe. Apesar destas relaes
comerciais internacionais fortes, no h
nenhuma evidncia para sugerir troca de
conceitos arquitetnicos entre Grande
Zimbbue e centros como Kilwa.
As causas para o declnio e abandono definitivo

do local por volta de 1450 tm sido sugeridos
como devido a um declnio no comrcio em
relao aos locais mais ao norte, a instabilidade
poltica, fome e escassez de gua induzidas pela
mudana climtica. O estado Mutapa surgiu no
sculo XV, com a expanso para o norte do
Grande Zimbabwe.
(Prxima Edio, Segunda-Feira, 21 de Julho 2014 :

Africa Meridional / Histria Pr-Colonial)
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informetop.com [http://www.informetop.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/mapa-da-africa-e-suas-
capitais.jpg]
AFRICA
(1) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2012/03/introducao-ao-meio-
ambienteenvironmenta_12.html] , (2)
[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2012/03/introducao-ao-meio-
ambienteenvironmenta.html] , (12)
(25) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2012/04/introducao-
ao-meio-ambienteenvironmenta_20.html] , (26)
[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2012/04/introducao-ao-
meio-ambienteenvironmenta_23.html] , (27)
meio-ambienteenvironmenta.html] , (33)
meio-ambienteenvironmenta_09.html] ,
ambienteenvironmenta_21.] , (258)
ambienteenvironmenta_15.htmlhttp://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2013/07/introducao-
ambienteenvironmenta.html] ,
ambienteenvironmenta_23.html] , (369) [https://www.blogger.com/] ,

382) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2013/11/introducao-ao-meio-
[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/introducao-ao-meio-
(430) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/introducao-ao-meio-
ambienteenvironmenta_19.html] , (508) [https://www.blogger.com/] , (509)
ambienteenvironmenta_21.html] , (510) [https://www.blogger.com/] , (511)
___________________
_________
Countries visited in Macaronesia / Pases da
Macaronsia visitados :
-IslandsofStHelena,AscensionandTristandaCunha/Ilhasde
SantaHelena,AscensoeTristodaCunha
ambienteenvironmenta_21.html]
-CapeVerdeArchipelago/ArquiplagodeCaboVerde
-MadeiraArchipelago/ArquipelgodaMadeira
-AzoresArchipelago/ArquipelgodeAores
-CanaryIslands/IlhasCanrias
Special visit / Visita especial :

-Somalia
[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2011/08/insanidade-
ambiental-environmental_29.html]
African countries visited / Pases da frica visitados :
-Egypt/Egito
-Libya/Libia
-Tunisia
-Morocco/Marrocos
-Algeria/Arglia
-DecolonizationofWesternAfrica/Descolonizaodafrica
Ocidental
-WesternSahara/SaaraOcidental
-Mauritania
-Mali[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2012/08/introducao-
ao-meio-ambienteenvironmenta_30.html]
-Niger[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2012/09/introducao-
-Senegal
-Gmbia
-GuineaBissau/GuinBissau
-Guinea/Guin
-SierraLeoa/SerraLeoa
-Liberia/Libria
Cted'Ivory/IvoryCoast/CostadoMarfim
BurkinaFaso
Ghana/Gana
Togo[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2013/07/introducao-ao-
meio-ambienteenvironmenta_2.html]
Benin[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2013/07/introducao-
Nigria[http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2013/08/introducao-
Cameroon/Camares
EquatorialGuinea/GuinEquatorial
Gabon/Gabo
SaoTomeandPrincipe/SoTomePrincipe
RepublicofCongo/RepblicadoCongo
CentralAfricanRepblic/RepblicaCentro-Africana
RepublicofChad/RepublicadoChade
DemocraticRepublicofCongo/RepblicaDemocrticadoCongo
ambienteenvironmenta_7.htmlhttp://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/
2014/02/introducao-ao-meio-ambienteenvironmenta_7.html]
RepublicofAngola/RepblicadaAngola
RepublicofNamibia/RepblicadaNambia
RepublicofBotswana/RepblicadeBotswana
SouthAfrica/Africadosul
LesothoKingdom/ReinodeLesoto
Swaziland/Suazilndia
In every country we visited, we follow the following

schedule: Geography, History, Indigenous Peoples,
Biodiversity, Protected Areas and Environmental
Degradation. / Em todos os pases que visitamos, seguimos o
seguinte roteiro: Geografia, Histria, Povos Indgenas,
Biodiversidade, reas Protegidas e Degradao Ambiental.
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[http://racinenoire.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/zim.jpg]
racinenoire.files.wordpress.com [http://racinenoire.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/zim.jpg]
Postado h 18th July 2014 por adilsoncentury21
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INTRODUO AO MEIO-

GREEN AGENDA (1237)

ZIMBABWE (1) [http://mikamienvironmentalblog.blogspot.com.br/2014/07/introducao-ao-meio-

The history of human civilization in South Africa

Great Zimbabwe is a ruined city in the

Great Zimbabwe served as a royal palace for

In Zimbabwe there are many ruins and to

Building of stones began in the 11th century

The ruins form three distinct architectural

Archeological evidence suggests that Great

The causes for the decline and final

(Next edition, Monday, July 21, 2014 : Southern Africa /

A histria da civilizao humana na frica

Grande Zimbbue uma cidade em runas nas

Grande Zimbabwe serviu como um palcio real

Em Zimbbue existem muitas runas e para

Construo dos edifcios de pedras comeou no

A rea de Grande Zimbabwe foi habitada entre

As runas formam trs conjuntos arquitetnicos

Evidncias arqueolgicas indicam que Grande

As causas para o declnio e abandono definitivo

(Prxima Edio, Segunda-Feira, 21 de Julho 2014 :

ambienteenvironmenta_23.html] , (369) [https://www.blogger.com/] ,

ambienteenvironmenta_19.html] , (508) [https://www.blogger.com/] , (509)

ambienteenvironmenta_21.html] , (510) [https://www.blogger.com/] , (511)

Special visit / Visita especial :

African countries visited / Pases da frica visitados :

In every country we visited, we follow the following

Postado h 18th July 2014 por adilsoncentury21

Digite seu comentrio...

Comentar como: Cludio (Google)

Publicar Visualizar Notifique-me

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