CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1

CAPE UNIT 1 2016 SOLUTIONS

Question 1

a. i. Given () = 2 3 2 + + . If + 3 is a factor then (3) = 0.

(3) = 2(3)3 (3)2 + (3) + = 0
54 9 3 + = 0
3 + = 63 ---------- (1)
Also (1) = 10 then
(1) = 2(1)3 (1)2 + (1) + = 10
2 1 + = 10
+ = 13 ------ (2)
Subtracting (1) from (2) we have
2 = 50, = 25
Substitute = 25 into (2) we have
(25) + = 13, = 12
ii. () = 2 3 2 25 12
+ 3 is a factor therefore using long division we have

2 2 7 4
+3 2 3 2 25 12
2 3 + 6 2

7 2 25
7 2 21
4 12
4 12
0

() = ( + 3)(2 2 7 4)
= ( + 3)( 4)(2 + 1)
1
When () = 0, = 3, 2 , 4

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

b. When = 1, 61 1 = 5 which is divisible by 5 therefore the statement is true for = 1

Assume the statement is true for = . Therefore 6 1 = 5 where .
When = + 1 we have
6+1 1 = 6(6 1) + 5
= 6(5) + 5
= 5(6 + 1) which is divisible by 5.
Therefore the statement is true for = + 1
Since the statement is true for = 1, and + 1. It is true for all natural numbers n.
c.
p q () ( )
T T T T T T
T F F T F F
F T T T F T
F F T F F T

ii. and () ( ) are logically equivalent because both have the same
truth values in their output column.

Question 2

a. log 2 (10 ) + log 2 = 4

log 2 (10 ) = 4
(10 ) = 24
10 2 = 16
2 10 + 16 = 0
( 2)( 8) = 0
= 2, 8

2
 +3
b. Given the function () = 1 , 1.

If the function is one-to-one then, () (), , (, ) 1

+3 +3

1 1
( + 3)( 1) ( + 3)( 1)
+ 3 3 + 3 3
4 4,
Therefore a and b are distinct and hence a maps to f(a), and b maps to f(b)
+3
For any , where 1 and 1 () =
1
+3
+3 +3
( 1 ())
= ( )=1
1 +3
11
+ 3 + 3 3
=( )
+3+1
4
= =
4
Therefore the function is a one-to-one and onto because for
(, ) , where (, ) 1, = 1 () <=> = ()

c. i. Given the roots of the equation 2 3 5 2 + 4 + 6 = 0 are , , and .

5
3 2 + 2 + 3 = 0
2
3 ( + + ) 2 + ( + + ) = 0
5
++ = , + + = 2, and = 3
2

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

1 1 1
c. ii. An equation whose roots are , and has
2 2 2

1 1 1 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
+ + =
2 2 2 22 2
( + + )2 2( + + )
=
()2
5
(2)2 2(3) ( ) 19
= 2 =
(3)2 9
1 1 1 2 + 2 + 2
+ + =
22 2 2 2 2 22 2
( + + )2 2( + + )
=
()2

5 2
(2) 2(2) 1
= =
(3)2 4
1 1
=
22 2 ()2
1 1
= =
(3)2 9
19 2 1 1
3 =0
9 4 9
36 3 76 2 9 4 = 0

4
Question 3
cosec
a. i. Prove sec 2 =
cosec sin
1
LHS = sin
1
sin sin
1
= sin 2
1 sin
sin
1 1
= =
1 sin cos 2
2

= sec 2 .

cosec 4
ii. Given =
cosec sin 3
4 3
sec 2 = 3 , cos2 = 4

3
cos = this gives an acute angle
2 6
5 7 11
Therefore = 6 , 6 , 6 , 6

b. i. () = sin + cos
sin( + ) = sin cos + sin cos
Therefore cos = 1 and sin = 1

Hence, tan = 1, = 4 , and = 2

sin + cos = 2 sin ( + 4 )

ii. The max value of () is 2

This occurs at ( + 4 ) = 2

Therefore the smallest non-negative value of is 4

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

c. Prove
tan + tan + tan tan tan tan
tan( + + ) =
1 tan tan tan tan tan tan
tan + tan( + )
tan( + + ) = tan( + ( + )) =
1 tan tan( + )
tan + tan
tan + 1 tan tan
=
tan + tan
1 tan (1 tan tan )

tan (1 tan tan ) + tan + tan

= 1 tan tan
(1 tan tan ) tan (tan + tan )
1 tan tan
tan + tan + tan tan tan tan
=
1 tan tan tan tan tan tan
Proven
Question 4

a. i. Given sin = , sin2 = 2

1 sin2 = cos 2

cos = 1 2
sin
tan =
cos

=
1 2

6
 ii. Given = tan 2 and = sin
2 tan
= 2
, and tan =
1 tan 1 2

2( 2
)
1
= 2

1( )
1 2
2
2
= 1 2

1
1 2
2
2
= 1
1 2 2
1 2
2(1 2 )
=
1 2 (1 2 2 )

21 2
=
1 2 2
1 2
b. i. Given = (3) and = (1)
2 5
|| = 1 + 9 + 4 = 14

|| = 4 + 1 + 25 = 30

ii. cos = ||||
2 3 + 10
= = 0.439
14 30
c. At any time the point (, ) is 2 from the origin and a from the x-axis. Therefore its

distance from the y-axis is given by 42 2 = 3 using Pythagoras Theorem.

Hence, = 3 and = .

= 3,

=
3

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

d. 2 + + 3 = 0 ------ (1)
2 + 2 = 9 ------- (2)
From (1), = (2 + 3) ----- (3)
Substituting (3) into (2) we have
2
2 + ((2 + 3)) = 9

2 + 4 2 + 12 + 9 = 9
5 2 + 12 = 0
(5 + 12) = 0
12
= 0, 5

When = 0, = 3
12 12 9
When = , = 2 ( 5 ) 3 = 5
5

12 9
Therefore the points of intersection are (0, 3) and ( , 5)
5

Question 5

a. Given ( + 1)1/3 , Using the substitution = + 1 we have

= 1, = .

( + 1)1/3 = ()1/3

()4/3
= +
4
3
3 4/3
= +
4
3
= ( + 1)4/3 +
4

8
 0
b. V = 1 2

=3 1,
= ( + 1)1/3
2 = ( + 1)2/3
0

= ( + 1)2/3
1

3 0 3
= [ ( + 1)5/3 ] = cubic units
5 1 5

c. Given 0 () = 0 ( ) > 0
1 1
1
=
+ 1 1 + (1(1))
0 0
1
1
= 1
+
0

Dividing both numerator and denominator by we have

1
12
= 12
+1
0

1 1
= [ ln( 12 + 1)]
2 0
1
= [(ln( 1 + 1)) (ln( + 1))]
2
1 +1
= [ln | | ln| + 1|]
2
1
= [ln| + 1| ln ln| + 1|]
2
1 1
= (1) =
2 2

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

d. i. Bacteria grow exponentially at a rate of 2% per hour where = () is the

number of bacteria present t hours later is given by the differential equation

= 0.02

Separating variables and integrating both sides we have

= 0.02

ln = 0.02 +
= 0.02+
= 0.02
When = 0, = 1000, therefore
1000 = , = 1000 0.02
ii. When the bacteria population is double = 2000,
2000 = 1000 0.02
2 = 0.02
ln 2 = 0.02,
ln 2
= = 34.66 hrs
0.02
Question 6
a. Given () = 2 3 + 5 2 + 12
() = 6 2 + 10 1
The gradient of the tangent at the point where = 3, is given by
(3) = 6(3)2 + 10(3) 1 = 83
When = 3, (3) = 2(3)3 + 5(3)2 (3) + 12 = 112
Therefore the equation of the tangent at the point where = 3 is given by
112 = 83( 3)
= 83 137

10
 2
b. i. Given () = { + 2 + 3 0
+ >0
lim () = 02 + 2(0) + 3 = 3
0

lim () = (0) + =
0+

ii. For () to be continuous at = 0, lim () = lim+ ()

0 0

Therefore = 3, and .

(0+)(0)
iii. Given (0) = lim
0

For 0
(0 + ) + 3 ((0) + 3)
= lim
0
+ 3 3
= lim
0

= lim =
0

For > 0
(0 + )2 + 2(0 + ) + 3 (02 + 2(0) + 3)
(0) = lim
0
()2 + 2() + 3 3
= lim
0
2 + 2
= lim
0
= lim + 2 = 2
0

If the () is differentiable at = 0 then (0) = 2

Therefore = 2

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2016

c. Given () = therefore ( + ) = +

+ + +
() = lim
0 + +
( + )
= lim
0 ( + + )

= lim
0 ( + + )
1
= lim
0 ( + + )
1
=
22

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 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS FOR 2015 EXAM

1. a. i. The inverse ~ ~ and the contrapositive ~ ~

ii.
p q ~ ~ ~ ~

T T F F T T

T F F T F F

F T T F T T

F F T T T T

iii. and ~ ~ are logically equivalent because both final columns

are the exactly same.
b. Given () = 3 + 2 +
i. If ( 5) is a factor then (5) = 53 + (52 ) (5) + = 0
125 + 25 5 + = 0
25 + = 120 . (1)
When divided by ( 1) the remainder is 24 therefore
(1) = 13 + (12 ) (1) + = 24
1 + 1 + = 24
+ = 24 . (2)
Subtract (2) from (1) we have
24 = 144, = 6
6 + = 24, = 30

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

ii. () = 3 6 2 + 30

2 6

5 3 6 2 + 30
3 5 2
2
2 + 5
6 + 30
6 + 30
0

3 6 2 + 30 = ( 5)( 2 6)
= ( 5)( 3)( + 2)
c. Given () = 5 + 52 + 53 + 54 + + 5 (. . ) and 4() = 5+1 5 (. . )
When = 1, . . = 4(1) = 4 5 = 20, and R. H. S = 52 5 = 20
Therefore result is true for = 1.
Assume result is true for = , therefore
4() = 4(5 + 52 + 53 + 54 + + 5 ) = 5+1 5
When = + 1, we have
R.H.S = 4( + 1) = 5+2 5
L.H.S = 4(5 + 52 + 53 + 54 + + 5 + 5+1 )
= 4(() + 5+1 )

= 4(()) + 4(5+1 )

= 5+1 5 + 4(5+1 )
= 5 5+1 5
= 5+2 5
R.H.S = L.H.S therefore result is true for = + 1.
Since the result is true for = 1, and + 1, it is true for all positive integer n.

14
2. a. i. A function is one-to-one if each element in the domain maps to one and
only one image in the co-domain and each element in the range is the
image of only one element in the domain. Therefore given that :
and : are one-to-one functions, ( ) is a one-to-one function
because the co-domain of f is used as the domain for g and this makes
( ) = : a one-to-one function.

() () ()
1 1 1
2 b 2 2
3 3 3

ii. A function is onto if each element in the co-domain is mapped unto at

least one element in the domain. Therefore given that :
and : are onto functions, ( ) is a onto function because the
co-domain of f is used as the domain for g, and this makes
( ) = : an onto function.

4 4
b. i. 3 (9) (81) = 0
4 4
3
2 = 0
9 9
3(92 ) 4(9 ) 4 = 0 multiplying both sides by 92
(3(9 ) + 2)(9 2) = 0 factorising the equation
(3(9 ) + 2) = 0,
2
9 = , not possible
3
(9 2) = 0
9 = 2
log 2
= = 0.315
log 9

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

ii. |5 6| = + 5
when 5 6 > 0 we have
5 6 = + 5
4 = 11
11
= 4

When 5 6 < 0 we have

(5 6) = + 5
5 + 6 = + 5
1 = 6
1
=6

c. Given = 300 + 5
i. When = 0, = 300 + 1 = 301
ii. When = 3(301) we have
903 = 300 + 5
5 = 603
log 603
= = 3.98 hours
log 5

3. a. i. cos 3 = cos(2 + )
= cos 2 cos sin 2 sin
= (2 cos2 1) cos 2 sin cos sin
= 2 cos3 cos 2 sin2 cos
= 2 cos3 cos 2(1 cos2 ) cos
= 2 cos3 cos 2 cos + 2 cos3
= 4 cos3 3 cos

16
 ii. cos 6 cos 2 = 0
cos 6 = 4 cos3 2 3 cos 2
4 cos 3 2 3 cos 2 cos 2 = 0
4 cos 3 2 4 cos 2 = 0
4 cos 2 (cos2 2 1) = 0
4 cos 2 = 0
3 5 7
2 = , , ,
2 2 2 2
3 5 7
= , , ,
4 4 4 4
cos 2 2 1 = 0
cos 2 2 = 1
cos 2 = 1
2 = 0, 2, 3 4
3
= 0, , , , 2
2 2
b. i. (2) = 3 sin 2 + 4 cos 2
sin(2 + ) = sin 2 cos + sin cos 2
cos = 3 and sin = 4
4
tan = 3 , and = 32 + 42
4
= tan1 (3) = 0.927 and = 5

3 sin 2 + 4 cos 2 = 5 sin(2 + 0.927)

ii. Maximum value of occurs when () = 5
1 1
=
7 () 7 5
1
=
2
Minimum value of occurs when () = 5
1 1 1
= =
7 () 7 + 5 12

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

4. a. i. Given 1 : = 10 cos 3; = 10 sin + 2

2 : = 4 cos + 3; = 4 sin + 2
+3 2
From 1 : cos = ; sin =
10 10

cos2 + sin2 = 1

+3 2 2 2
( ) +( ) =1
10 10
2
( + 3)2 + ( 2)2 = (10)
3 2
From 2 : cos = ; sin =
4 4

3 2 2 2
( ) +( ) =1
4 4
( 3)2 + ( 2)2 = 42
2
ii. ( + 3)2 + ( 2)2 = (10) . (1)
2
From (1) ( 2)2 = (10) ( + 3)2 .. (2)
( 3)2 + ( 2)2 = 42 .. (3)
( 2)2 = 42 ( 3)2 .. (4)
Equating (2) and (4) we have
2
(10) ( + 3)2 = 42 ( 3)2

10 ( 2 + 6 + 9) = 16 ( 2 6 + 9)
10 2 6 9 = 16 2 + 6 9
10 16 = 6 + 6
6 = 12
1
=
2

18
 1
Substituting = 2 into (4) we have
2
1
( 2)2 = 42 (( ) 3)
2
49
2 4 + 4 = 16
4
1
2 4 + =0
4
4 2 16 + 1 = 0

16 162 16
=
8
16 415
=
8
= 3.94, 0.0635
1 1
Points of intersection are ( 2 , 3.94) and ( 2 , 0.0635 )

b. If the point (, ) moves so that its distance from a fixed point (0, 3) is two
times the distance from the fixed point (5, 2) then;
2 + ( 3)2 = 4[( 5)2 + ( 2)2 ]
2 + 2 6 + 9 = 4[ 2 10 + 25 + 2 4 + 4]
2 + 2 6 + 9 = 4 2 40 + 100 + 4 2 16 + 16
3 2 + 3 2 40 10 + 107 = 0
40 10 107
2 + 2 + =0
3 3 3
20 2 400 5 2 25 107
( ) + ( ) + =0
3 9 3 9 3
20 2 5 2 104
( ) + ( ) =
3 3 9
20 5 104
This is the equation of a circle with centre ( 3 , 3) and radius .
3

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

5. a. Given
sin()
() = { if 0, 0

4 if = 0
If f is continuous at = 0, then
sin()
lim = lim 4
0 0

sin()
lim =4
0
Multiplying numerator and denominator by a we have
sin()
lim =4
0
sin()
lim =4
0
sin()
lim =1
0
=4
b. Given () = sin(2)
Differentiating from first principles we have
( + ) ()
() = lim
0
sin 2( + ) sin(2)
= lim
0
2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
2 cos ( ) sin ( )
= lim 2 2
0
4 + 2
2 cos (
= lim 2 ) sin()
0
sin()
= lim 2 cos(2 + ) lim
0 0
= 2 cos 2

20
 2
c. Given =
1 + 2
i. Using the quotient and power rule:


= 2
and = (())1 ()

1 1
1 + 2 (2) 2 (2) (1 + 2 )2 (2)
= 2
(1 + 2 )

2 2
21 + 2
1 + 2
=
1 + 2
2(1 + 2 ) 2 2
=
(1 + 2 )1 + 2
2 2
= =
(1 + 2 )1 + 2 (1 + 2 )3/2

Multiplying both sides by x we have

2
=
(1 + 2 )1 + 2
1 2
=( 2
)
1 + 1 + 2

=
1 + 2
ii. From (i)
2
= = 2(1 + 2 )3/2
(1 + 2 )3/2
2 3
2
= (2) ( ) (1 + 2 )5/2 (2)
2
6
=
(1 + 2 )5/2
6
=
(1 + 2 )2 1 + 2
3(2)
=
(1 + 2 )2 1 + 2

21
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

2
Since =
1 + 2
2 3
=
2 (1 + 2 )2
2 3
+ =0
2 (1 + 2 )2
6. Given = 3 7, + = 9 and 3 = + 3
i. AB is the line = 3 7, AC is the line + = 9 and BC is the line
3 = + 3. The lines AB intersects AC at the point A therefore the coordinates
of A is found by solving these equations simultaneously.
= 3 7 . (1)
+ =9 . (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) we have
3 7 + = 9
4 = 16
=4
From (2) + 4 = 9
=5
Therefore the coordinates of A is (4, 5)
AB intersects BC at the point B therefore solving these equations gives the
coordinates of the point B.
= 3 7 (1)
3 = + 3 (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) we have
3(3 7) = + 3
9 21 = + 3
8 = 24
=3

22
 From (1) = 3(3) 7 = 2
Therefore the coordinates of B is (3, 2)
AC intersects BC at the point C therefore solving these equations gives the
coordinates of the point C.
+ = 9 (1)
3 = + 3 (2)
From (1) = 9 . (3)
Substituting (3) into (2) we have
3(9 ) = + 3
27 3 = + 3
4 = 24
=6
= 96 =3
Therefore the coordinates of C is (6, 3)
ii. The area bounded by these three lines is given by
4 6 6
+3
3 7 + 9
3
3 4 3

3 2 4 2 6 1 2 6
=[ 7] + [9 ] [ + 3]
2 3 2 4 3 2 3
1
= [(4) (7.5)] + [(36) (28)] [(36) (13.5)]
3
= 4 sq. units
b. Given that () = 3 2 + 8 3 at the point (0, 6)

i. () = 3 2 + 8 3

= 3 + 4 2 3 +
The curve passes through the point (0, 6) therefore
6 =
The equation of the curve is therefore () = 3 + 4 2 3 6

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2015

ii. At the stationary point () = 0 therefore

3 2 + 8 3 = 0
(3 1)( + 3) = 0
1
= 3 , and 3

1 1 3 1 2 1
When = 3 , = (3) + 4 (3) 3 (3) 6
176
= = 6.5
27

When = 3, = (3)3 + 4(3)2 3(3) 6

= 12
1
Therefore the stationary points are (3 , 6.5) and (3, 12)

() = 6 + 8
1 1 1
When = 3 , (3) = 6 (3) + 8 > 0
1
Therefore (3 , 6.5) is a minimum point

When = 3, (3) = 6(3) + 8 < 0

Therefore (3, 12) is a maximum point.
iii.

Max (3, 12)
12

3 + 4 2 3 6

3 2 1 0 1
1
3

1
Min ( , 6.5)
3

24
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS FOR 2014 EXAM
Question 1

a.
p q r ( ) ( )
T T T T T T
T T F T T T
T F T F F F
T F F F T F
F T T T T T
F T F T T T
F F T T F F
F F F T T T

b. i. Given = 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 5 5 + 16
= 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 5 5 + 16
= therefore is commutative in R

ii. a. We have () = 2 = 23 + 3 + 22 + 2 5(2) 5 + 16

() = 8 + 3 + 4 + 2 10 5 + 16
() = 3 + 2 5 + 4 + 14
If ( 1) is a factor then (1) = 0
Therefore (1) = 13 + (1)2 5(1) + 4 + 14 = 0
1 + 5 + 4 + 14 = 0
5 + 10 = 0,
= 2

b. When = 2, () = 3 + (2) 2 5 + 4(2) + 14

() = 3 2 2 5 + 6
( 1) is a factor of () therefore using long division we have.

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

2 6

1 3 2 2 5 + 6
3 2
2 5
2 +
6 + 6
6 + 6
0
3 2 2
2 5 + 6 = ( 1)( 6)
= ( 1)( + 2)( 3)
Therefore factors are ( 1), ( + 2) and ( 3)

c. 12 + 32 + 52 + + (2 1)2 = 3 (42 1)
1
When = 1, L.H.S = 12 = 1, and R.H.S = 3 (4(1)2 1) = 1

L.H.S = R.H.S therefore result is true for = 1

Assume result is true for = , therefore

12 + 32 + 52 + + (2 1)2 = 3 (4 2 1)

When = + 1
+1
R.H.S = (4[ + 1]2 1)
3

L.H.S = 12 + 32 + 52 + + (2 1)2 + (2( + 1) 1)2

12 + 32 + 52 + + (2 1)2 = 3 (4 2 1)

L.H.S = 3 (4 2 1) + (2( + 1) 1)2

= 3 (2 1)(2 + 1) + (2 + 1)2

= (2 + 1) [3 (2 1) + (2 + 1)]

(2 1) + 3(2 + 1)
= (2 + 1) [ ]
3

26
 2 + 1
L. H. S = (2 2 + 5 + 3)
3
2 + 1
= (2 + 3)( + 1)
3
+1
= (2 + 1)(2 + 3)
3
+1
= (4 2 + 8 + 3)
3
+1
= (4{ 2 + 2} + 3)
3
+1
= (4[ + 1]2 4 + 3)
3
+1
= (4[ + 1]2 1)
3
L.H.S = R.H.S therefore result is true for = + 1
Since result is true for = 1, , and + 1 it is true for all positive integer n.

Question 2

1
a. Given () = 2 2 + 1, () = 2

i. a. () = 2(())2 + 1
= 2(2 2 + 1)2 + 1
= 2(4 4 + 4 2 + 1) + 1
= 8 4 + 8 2 + 2 + 1
= 8 4 + 8 2 + 3
b. [()] = 2[()]2 + 1
2
1
= 2 ( ) +1
2

1
= 2( )+1
2

=1+1
=
ii. 1 () = () Since [ 1 ()] =

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 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

b. Given that 3 + 3 + 32 = 5 2
We know that ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 3 2 + 3
Adding 3 2 to both sides we have
3 + 3 + 32 + 3 2 = 3 2 + 5 2
( + )3 = 8 2
( + )3
= 2
8
+ 3
( ) = 2
2
+ 3
log ( ) = log 2 [Log both sides]
2

+
3 log ( ) = log + log 2
2
+
3 log ( ) = log + 2 log
2
1
c. i. + 2=0

2 2 + 1 = 0 [Multiplying both sides by ]

Let = , 2 2 + 1 = ( 1)2
= 1, = 1 , = 0
ii. log 2 ( + 1) log 2 (3 + 1) = 2
+1
log 2 = 2 log 2 2
3 + 1
+1
log 2 = log 2 22
3 + 1
+1
=4
3 + 1
+ 1 = 4(3 + 1)
+ 1 = 12 + 4
11 = 3
3
=
11

28
 31 3+1 21 2+1
d. + + +
3+1 31 2+1 21
2 2 2 2
(3 1) + (3 + 1) (2 1) + (2 + 1)
+
(3 + 1)(3 1) (2 + 1)(2 1)

4 23 + 4 + 23 3 22 + 3 + 22
+
31 21
8 6
+ = 4 + 6 = 10
2 1
Question 3
cos
cot cot sin cos sin
a. i. = cos cos
cot +cot sin + sin

sin cos sin cos cos sin + sin cos

= /
sin sin sin sin
sin cos sin cos sin sin
=
sin sin cos sin + sin cos
sin cos sin cos
=
cos sin + sin cos
sin( )
=
sin( + )
cot cot
ii. = 1, 0 2,
cot +cot

1 1 3
When sin = 2 , sin1 (2) = 6 , cos ( 6 ) = for 0
2 2

cot cot sin cos sin cos

=
cot + cot cos sin + sin cos
sin cos sin cos
=1
cos sin + sin cos
1 3
( ) cos sin ( )
2 2
3 1
= 1 Multiplying both numerator & denominator by 2
( ) sin +( ) cos
2 2

cos 3 sin
=1
3 sin + cos

cos 3 sin = 3 sin + cos

29
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

0 = 23 sin
sin = 0
= 0, , 2 for 0 2.

b. i. Given () = 3 sin 2 + 4 cos 2 to be written in the form sin(2 + )

We have sin(2 + ) = sin 2 cos + sin cos 2

= 32 + 42 = 5
3 sin 2 + 4 cos 2 = sin 2 cos + sin cos 2
Comparing we have cos = 3, sin = 4
sin 4
= tan =
cos 3
4
= tan1 (3) = 0.927 rad

() = sin(2 + ) = 5 sin(2 + 0.927)

ii. a. () is at a minimum when
3
(2 + 0.927) =
2
3
2 = 0.927
2
3 0.927
=
4 2
= 1.89 rad
1
b. The maximum value of is when () = 5 so
7()

1 1 1
= =
7 () 7 5 2
1
And the minimum value of is when () = 5
7()
1 1 1
= =
7 () 7 (5) 12

30
Question 4

a. Given the equations of 1 and 2 are + 1 = 0 and + 5 = 0

i. 1 and 2 intersects at the centre of the circle therefore
Solving the equations simultaneously we have
+ 1 = 0 ------ (1)
+ 5 = 0 ------ (2)
2 4 = 0 Adding (1) and (2)
=2
When = 2, from (2) = 5
= 52 =3
Therefore the coordinate of the centre of the circle is (2, 3)

ii. Let A (1, 2) and B (a, b) be the coordinates of the endpoints of the diameter of the
circle and the coordinates of the its centre (2, 3) is the midpoint of the line AB.
Therefore in calculating the midpoint we have
+1
= 2, =3
2
+2
=3 =4
2
Therefore B has coordinates (3, 4)

iii. The point p moves in a circular path with centre (2, 3) and radius 2.
2
The equation of the path of p is given by ( 2)2 + ( 3)2 = (2)

2 4 + 4 + 2 6 + 9 = 2
2 + 2 4 6 + 11 = 0

31
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

1
b. Given = 1+, and = 1 2

1
=
1+
(1 + ) = 1
+ = 1
= 1
1
=


= 2
=
1 (1 + )(1 )
1 1
= , substituting = we have
1+ 1 1+
1
= , substituting = we have
1
1
( )
=
1
1( )

1
=
(1 )

(1 )
=
2 1

c. i. Given (3, 2, 1), (1, , 5) and (2, 1, 4)

=
+
3 1 4
= (2) + ( ) = (2 + )

1 5 4

= 4 + (2 + ) + 4
=
+

32
 1 2 3
= ( ) + ( 1 ) = (1 )

5 4 9
= 3 + (1 ) 9

+
=
2 3 1

= ( 1 ) + (2) = (3)
4 1 5
= 3 + 5

ii. Given PQ is the hypotenuse therefore RQ and RP are perpendicular to each other.
() () = 0
(3 + (1 ) 9) ( 3 + 5) = 3 3( 1) + 9(5) = 0
3 3 + 3 + 45 = 0
3 = 45,
45
= = 15
3
Question 5

+ 2, <3
a. Given () = { .
2 , 3

i. lim () = (32 ) = 9
3+

lim () = 3 + 2
3

If () is continuous at = 3, then
lim () = lim () Therefore
3+ 3

9 = 3 + 2
6 = 2,
1
=
3

33
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

2 + 2
ii. () =
2 + + 4
Given that lim 2() = lim () we have
1 0

12 + 2 02 + 2
2( ) =
(1)2 + 1 + 4 (0)2 + 0 + 4

3 2
2( )=
+5 4
6 1
=
+5 2

12 = + 5
=7

1 1
b. Let () = , ( + ) =
+
Using differentiation from first principle, we have
( + ) ()
= lim
0
1 1

+
= lim
0
+
( + )()
= lim
0
+
= lim
0 ( + )()

+ + +
= lim [ ]
0 ( + )() + +
( + )
= lim [ ]
0 ( + )()( + + )

= lim [ ]
0 ( + )()( + + )

34
 1
= lim [ ]
0 ( + )()( + + )

1
=
()()( + )
1 1
= = 3/2
2 2

ii. Given =
1+

Using the quotient rule when = , =
2

We have = , = 1 +
1 1
= 1 = (1 + )1/2 =
2 21 +
1
(1 + )(1) ( )
21 +
= 2
(1 + )

1 +
1 21 +
=
1+
(1 + )(21 + )
21 +
=
1+
(1 + )(21 + )
=
21 + (1 + )
2(1 + )
=
2(1 + )3
+2
=
2(1 + )3

c. Given = cos , = sin

= sin , = cos

/
=
/
cos
= = cot
sin

35
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

Question 6

a. i. a. Given = 3 2 4 + 1

Integrating both sides we have

= 3 2 4 + 1

2+1 1+1
=3 4 ++
2+1 1+1
= 3 2 2 + +
When = 1, = 4
4 = (1)3 2(1)2 + (1) +
4 = 4 +
=0
= 3 2 2 +

b. At the stationary points = 0 therefore

3 2 4 + 1 = 0
(3 1)( 1) = 0
1
= 3 , or 1

1 1 3 1 2 1
When = 3 , = (3) 2 (3) + 3

1 2 1 16+9 4
= + = =
27 9 3 27 27
1 4
Therefore coordinate of the stationary point is (3 , 27)

When = 1, = 13 2(1)2 + 1 = 0
Therefore coordinate of the stationary point is (1, 0)

36
 2
= 6 4
2
1 2 1
When = 3 , = 6 (3) 4 = 2
2

2 1 4
< 0 Therefore (3 , 27) is a maximum
2

2
When = 1, = 6(1) 4 = 2
2

2
> 0 Therefore (1, 0) is a minimum
2

ii. y-intercept when = 0, = 0 (0, 0)

x-intercept when = 0, 3 2 2 + = 0
( 2 2 + 1 = 0)
( 1)2 = 0
When = 0, = 0, 1
x-intercepts (0, 0) and (1, 0)

1 4
max ( , )
3 27
4
27
min(1, 0)

0
1 2 1
3 3

37
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2014

3
b. i. 0 21 + 2

Using the substitution method with = 1 + 2

1
We have = (1 + 2 )1/2 2 =
2 1+ 2

= 1 + 2 , = , =

When = 3, = 1 + 32 = 10

When = 0, = 1 + 0 = 1
10
2()
1
10
2
23 10
2 = [ ]
1 3 1
3
2(10) 2(1)3
=[ ]
3 3

2
= [103 1] = 20.42
3

ii. Volume of revolution about the x-axis is given by 2 therefore from b. (i)
2 2
Volume = 0 (21 + 2 )
2
= 4 2 (1 + 2 )
0
2
= 4 2 + 4 4
0

4 3 4 5 2
= [ + ]
3 5 0

4(2)3 4(2)5
= [( + ) 0]
3 5
32 128 544
= [ + ]= cubic units
3 5 15

38
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS FOR 2013 EXAM

Question 1

a. i.
p q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

ii.
p Q ~( )
T T T F
T F F T
F T F T
F F F T

b. Given = 2 + 2 + 2 + 5
2 = 22 + 2 + 2(2) + 5(2)
2 = 4 + 2 + 4 + 10
2 = 2 9 + 8
2 = 0
2 9 + 8 = 0
( 1)( 8) = 0
= 1, 8

39
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

c. When = 1, 51 + 3 = 8 which is divisible by 2

Therefore statement is true for = 1
Assume statement is true when =
Therefore 5 + 3 is divisible by 2
When = + 1, we have 5+1 + 3 = 5(5 + 3) 12
5 + 3 is assumed to be divisible by 2 and 12 is divisible by 2
Therefore 5+1 + 3 is divisible by 2
Since the statement is true for = 1, , and + 1 it is true for all positive integer n.
d. Given () = 3 9 2 + + 16
i. If ( + 1) is a factor then (1) = 0 therefore
(1) = (1)3 9(1)2 + (1) + 16 = 0
+ 6 = 0, = 6
ii.
2 10 + 16

( + 1) 3 9 2 + 6 + 16
3 + 2
10 2 + 6
10 2 10
16 + 16
16 + 16
0

3 9 2 + 6 + 16 = ( + 1)(2 10 + 16)
= ( + 1)( 2)( 8)
iii. 3 9 2 + 6 + 16 = ( + 1)( 2)( 8) = 0
Therefore = 1, 2, 8

40
Question 2
a. Given () = 2 , 1
By completing the square we have
1 1
2 = ( 2 + 4) 4

1 2 1
= ( 2) 4
1
The function has a parabolic shape with axis of symmetry = 2.

The domain given is 1, and this section of the graph is a one to one function
due to it passing the horizontal line test.

1
= () = 2
2

=
1

0
1
2

Alternatively, if we assume that () is not a one to one function when = , or

Then () = () where .
So () = ()
2 = 2
2 2 + = 0
( + )( ) ( ) = 0
( )( + + 1) = 0
Therefore = , or = 1
For 1 which eliminates = ( + 1), () = () is only true if = .
Therefore the function is one to one for 1.

41
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

b. i. Given () = 3 + 2, and () = 2
a. Let = 3 + 2 interchanging and we have
2
= 3 + 2, therefore =
3
2
1 () =
3
Let = 2 interchanging and we have
= 2 Natural log of both sides gives.
ln = ln 2
ln = 2
1 1
= 2 ln Therefore 1 () = 2 ln

b. [()] = 3[()] + 2
= 3 2 + 2

ii. = 3 2 + 2 interchanging and we have

= 3 2 + 2
2
2 = Natural log of both sides.
3
2
ln 2 = ln ( )
3
2 1 2
2 = ln ( ) , therefore = ln ( )
3 2 3
1 1 2
[[()]] = ln ( )
2 3
1
1 [ 1 ()] = ln( 1 ())
2
1 2
= ln ( )
2 3
1
Therefore [[()]] = 1 [ 1 ()]
42
c. i. 3 2 + 4 + 1 5
3 2 + 4 4 0
(3 2)( + 2) 0
2
Critical points = 2, 3 2 2
3

2 2 2
2
3 3
3 2 +
+2 + +
(3 2)( + 2) + +

2 2
Therefore 2 3 from the table is negative or from the graph 2 3

is the part of the graph that is below the x-axis.

ii. | + 2| = 3 + 5
Squaring both sides we have
( + 2)2 = (3 + 5)2
2 + 4 + 4 = 9 2 + 30 + 25
8 2 + 26 + 21 = 0
8 2 + 12 + 14 + 21 = 0
4(2 + 3) + 7(2 + 3) = 0
(4 + 7)(2 + 3) = 0
7 3
= , not possible only answer
4 2
Alternatively, for ( + 2) 0 we have + 2 = 3 + 5
3
2 = 3, =
2
For ( + 2) < 0, we have ( + 2) = 3 + 5
2 = 3 + 5
7
4 = 7, = not possible
4

43
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

Question 3

2 tan sin
a. i. L.H.S substituting tan =
1+tan2 cos
sin
2 tan 2 cos
We have =
1 + tan2 sin 2
1 + (cos )

Multiplying denominator and numerator by cos2

2 tan 2 sin cos
= cos2 + sin2 = 1
1 + tan cos 2 + sin2
2

2 tan
= 2 sin cos
1 + tan2
2 sin cos = sin 2

ii. Given sin 2 tan = 0

2 tan
tan = 0
1 + tan2
2 tan tan (1 + tan2 ) = 0
2 tan tan tan3 = 0
tan tan3 = 0
tan (1 tan2 ) = 0
tan (1 tan )(1 + tan ) = 0
tan = 0, 1, 1
= tan1 (0) = 0, , 2

Acute angle for = tan1 (1) = 4

3 5 7
= 0, , , ,
4 4 4 4

44
b. i. Given () = 3 cos 4 sin
cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin
cos = 3, sin = 4
sin 4
= tan =
cos 3
4
= tan1 ( ) = 0.927
3

= 32 + 42 = 5
3 cos 4 sin = 5 cos( + 0.927)

ii. a. () = 5 cos( + 0.927)

Therefore maximum value of () is 5 (1 cos 1)
1
b. Minimum value of is when () is maximum
8+()

1 1 1
Therefore = =
8 + () 8 + 5 13

iii. a. Given that A, B and C are the angles of a triangle where their sum is .
++ =
= ( + ) Taking sine of the angles
sin = sin[ ( + )]
sin[ ( + )] = sin cos( + ) sin( + ) cos
sin = 0, cos = 1 Therefore
sin[ ( + )] = 0 sin( + ) (1)
sin[ ( + )] = sin( + )
sin = sin( + )

b. from (iii).a. sin = sin( + ) therefore

sin = sin( + ) and sin = sin( + ) so
sin + sin + sin = sin( + ) + sin( + ) + sin( + )

45
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

Question 4
a. i. Given 2 + 2 6 4 + 4 = 0
By completing the square we have
6 2 6 2 4 2 4 2
( 2 6 + ( ) ) ( ) + ( 2 4 + ( ) ) ( ) + 4 = 0
2 2 2 2

( 2 6 + 9) 9 + ( 2 4 + 4) 4 + 4 = 0
( 3)2 + ( 2)2 = 9 = 32
The equation of a circle is given by ( )2 + ( )2 = 2
Where (, ) is the centre and r its radius.

Therefore the circle has centre (3, 2) and radius 9 = 3

ii. a. The gradient of the line between the centre (3, 2) and a point on the
22
circumference (6, 2) is given by 63 = 0,

Therefore equation of the normal to the circle at (6, 2) is given by = 2

b. The tangent is perpendicular to the normal therefore the line = 2 at
(6, 2) is perpendicular to = 6, which is a vertical line parallel to the
y-axis.
b. Given = 2 + , = 2 4
+4
From = 2 4, =
2
+4
Substituting = into = 2 +
2

+4 2 +4
We have = ( ) +
2 2
2 + 8 + 16 + 4
= +
4 2
2 + 8 + 16 + 2( + 4)
=
4
2 + 10 + 24
=
4
4 = 2 + 10 + 24

46
c. i. Given (3, 1, 2), (1, 2, 4) and (1, 1, 2)

=
+
3 1
= (1) + ( 2 )
2 4
2
=( 3 )
6

= 2 + 3 6
=
+

1 1
= ( 2 )+( 1 )
4 2
2
= (1)
2
= 2 + 2

ii. Given = 16 8, if is perpendicular to the plane through A, B, and C

Then = 0 and = 0
0 2
= (16) ( 3 )
8 6
= (0 2) + (16 3) + (8 6)
= 0 48 + 48 = 0

Therefore r is perpendicular to

0 2
= (16) (1)
8 2
= (0 2) + (16 1) + (8 2)
= 0 + 16 16 = 0

Therefore r is perpendicular to

47
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

iii. The vector equation of a plane is given by =

where r is any vector ( + + ) on the plane, n is a vector normal to
the plane and a is the position vector for a point on the plane.
Using = 16 8 and = 3 + 2 we have
=
( + + ) (16 8) = (3 + 2) (16 8)
16 8 = 16 + 16
16 8 = 0
2 + = 0

Question 5

+ 2, <2
a. Given () = { .
2, >2
i. lim () = lim+ 2
2+ 2

= 22 = 4
lim () = lim + 2
2 2

=2+2=4
lim () = lim ()
2+ 2

lim () = 4
2

ii. () is not continuous at = 2 because (2) is undefined.

48
 2 + 2 + 3
b. Let =
( 2 + 2)3

Using the quotient rule = , =
2

Let = 2 + 2 + 3 = 2 + 2
= ( 2 + 2)3 = 3( 2 + 2)2 2
= 6( 2 + 2)2
( 2 + 2)3 (2 + 2) ( 2 + 2 + 3) (6( 2 + 2)2 )
=
(( 2 + 2)3 )2
( 2 + 2)2 [( 2 + 2)(2 + 2) 6( 2 + 2 + 3)]
=
( 2 + 2)6
2 3 + 2 2 + 4 + 4 6 3 12 2 18
=
( 2 + 2)4
4 3 10 2 14 + 4
=
( 2 + 2)4

c. Given = 1 3 cos , = 2 sin

= 0 3( sin ) = 3 sin


= 2 cos

/
=
/
2 cos
=
3 sin
2
= cot
3

d. i. = 2 + 3 ------ (1)
= 4 ------- (2)
4 = 2 + 3 Substitute = 4 into (1)
2 4 + 3 = 0

49
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

( 1)( 3) = 0
= 1, or 3
When = 1, = 4(1) = 4
= 3, = 4(3) = 12
(1, 4) and (3, 12)

ii. Area of the shaded region is given by A

3 3

= 4 2 + 3
1 1

3 3 3
= [2 2 ] [ + 3]
1 3 1

33 1
= [2(32 ) 2] [( + 3(3)) ( + 3)]
3 3
1
= 16 18 + 3 3
4
= 3 sq. units

Question 6

a. i. (1 )2

Let = 1 , = 1 , = 1, =

(1 )2 (1)

4 3
3 2 = +
4 3
(1 )4 (1 )3
(1 )2 = +
4 3
1
= [(1 )3 (1 + 3)] +
12
50
 ii. Given () = 2 cos , () = 4 sin 5 + 3 cos

[() + ()] = 2 cos + 4 sin 5 + 3 cos

= 5 cos + 4 sin 5

4
[() + ()] = 5 sin cos 5 +
5

() + () = 2 cos + 4 sin 5 + 3 cos

4
= 2 sin + + ( cos 5) + 3 sin +
5
4
() + () = 5 sin cos 5 +
5
A, B, and C are merely constants of the integrals therefore = +

b. i. Length of rectangle is x, width of rectangle is 2r and

2
length of semi-circle is =
2

Perimeter of track is given by 2 + 2 + = 600

(2 + ) = 600 2
600 2
=
2+
ii. Area of track is given by
1
= (2) + 2 ( 2 )

= 2 + 2 2

600 2 600 2 2
= 2 ( )+ ( )
2+ 2 2+
1200 4 2 600 2 2
=( )+ ( )
2+ 2 2+
1
= [1200 8 + (2)(600 2)(2)]
2 + 2(2 + )
1 2
= [1200 8 (600 2)]
2 + (2 + )

51
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

1 2
When = 0, [1200 8 (600 2)] = 0
2+ (2 + )
2
1200 8 (600 2) = 0
(2 + )
(2 + )(1200 8) 2(600 2) = 0
2400 16 + 1200 8 1200 + 4 = 0
2400 16 4 = 0
16 + 4 = 2400
4(4 + ) = 2400
2400
4 =
4+
600
= 4+ 84 metres

2 1 2 1 4
2
= [8 ( ) (2)] = [ 8]
2+ (2 + ) 2+ 2+
4 2
8> Therefore <0
2+ 2
600
Therefore = 4+ give the maximum area.

c. i. Let = sin 2 cos + +

= [ cos + sin ] 2( sin ) +
= cos sin + 2 sin +
= sin cos +
= cos [cos + ( sin )]
= cos cos + sin
= sin

52
ii. = sin 2 cos + +
When = 0, = 1, We have
1 = 2 +
=3
When = , = 6, = 3 we have
6 = sin 2 cos + + 3
6 = 2 + + 3
= 1
1
=
1
The specific solution is = sin 2 cos + + 3

53
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS TO 2012 EXAM
Question 1

a. Given () = 2 3 2 + 10

i. 1 is a factor of () therefore (1) = 0

(1) = 2(1)3 (1)2 + (1) 10 = 0
2 + 10 = 0
= 8 ------- (1)
When () is divided by + 1 it gives a remainder of 6 therefore
(1) = 2(1)3 (1)2 + (1) 10 = 6
2 10 = 6
+ = 6 -------- (2)
Adding equations (1) and (2) we have
2 = 14, therefore = 7
Substituting = 7 into (2) give
7 + = 6, therefore = 1
() = 2 3 + 7 2 + 10

ii. 2 2 + 9 + 10

1 2 3 + 7 2 + 10

2 3 2 2
9 2 +
9 2 9
10 10
10 10
0

54
 2 3 + 7 2 + 10 = ( 1)(22 + 9 + 10)
= ( 1)( + 2)(2 + 5)
Therefore the factors of () are ( 1), ( + 2), and (2 + 5)

2
b. Given ( + ) = 16 + 240
2
( + ) = + 2 +

+ + 2 = 16 + 240

Therefore + = 16 -------- (1)

= 16 ------- (2)

2 = 240 -------- (3)

240 = 4 60 = 260

2 = 260 ------ (4)

Therefore = 60 -------- (5)

Substituting (2) into (5) we have
(16 ) = 60
16 2 = 60
2 16 + 60 = 0
( 6)( 10) = 0
= 6, 10
When = 6, = 16 6 = 10
When = 10, = 16 10 = 6
= 6, = 10 and = 10, = 6

55
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

c. Given |3 7| 5
Squaring both sides we have
(3 7)2 25 |3 7| 5
9 2 42 + 49 25
9 2 42 + 24 0
2 4
3(3 2 14 + 8) 0
3
3(3 2)( 4) 0
2
Critical points = 3 , 4

2 2 4
4
3 3
3 2 +
4 + +
(3 2)( 4) + +

2
Therefore 3 4

Alternatively, when (3 7) 0 we have 3 7 5

3 12, 4
When (3 7) 0 we have (3 7) 5
3 + 7 5
3 2
2
3
2
Therefore 3 4

ii. |3 7| + 5 0
|3 7| 0 Modulus always give the value of the function as positive and
5 is also greater than zero, therefore if we add the two together a number greater
than zero will be the result.
Therefore |3 7| + 5 cannot be less than zero for any real value of x and this
function will not intersect the x-axis resulting in us having no real solution.

56
Question 2
a. Given () 2 3

i. (()) = [()]2 3

= ( 2 3)2 3
= 4 6 2 + 9 3
= 4 6 2 + 6

ii. (()) = ( + 3)

4 6 2 + 6 = ( + 3)2 3
4 6 2 + 6 = 2 + 6 + 9 3
4 6 2 + 6 = 2 + 6 + 6
4 7 2 6 = ( 3 7 6)
+ 1 is a factor of 3 7 6
(1)3 7(1) 6 = 1 + 7 6 = 0
+ 2 is a factor of 3 7 6
(2)3 7(2) 6 = 8 + 14 6 = 0
3 is a factor of 3 7 6
(3)3 7(3) 6 = 27 21 6 = 0
Therefore 4 7 2 6 = ( + 1)( + 2)( 3)
= 0, 1, 2, 3
b. i. Given are the roots the equation 4 2 3 + 1 = 0
( )( ) = 2 ( + ) +
4 2 3 + 1 = 0 Dividing both sides by 4 we have
3 1 3 1
2 4 + 4 = 0 Therefore + = 4 = 4

ii. ( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2

2 + 2 = ( + )2 2
3 2 1
= (4) 2 (4)
1
= 16

57
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

2 2
iii. Given and are the roots of a quadratic equation we have
2 2
2 2 2 2 + 2 2
Sum of roots + =
2 2 2 2
2( 2 + 2 )
=
()2
1 1
2( )
= 16 = 8
1 2 1
( ) ( )
4 16

=2
2 2 4
Product of roots 2
2=
()2
4
=
1 2
( )
4

= 4 16 = 64

Therefore the quadratic equation is 2 2 + 64 = 0

1 3 5 7 9
c. i. log10 (3) + log10 (5) + log10 (7) + log10 (9) + log10 (10)
1 3 5 7 9
log10 [(3) (5) (7) (9) (10)]
1
log10 (10) = log10 101

= 1
99
1 2 98 99
ii. log10 ( ) = log10 ( ) + log10 ( ) + + log10 ( ) + log10 ( )
+1 2 3 99 100
=1

1 2 98 99
= log10 [( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]
2 3 99 100
1
= log10 ( )
100
= log10 102

= 2

58
Question 3
a. i. Given cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin and cos 2 = 2 cos2 1
cos 3 = cos(2 + )
= cos 2 cos sin 2 sin
= (2 cos2 1) cos (2 sin cos ) sin [sin 2 = 2 sin cos ]
= (2 cos2 1) cos 2 sin2 cos
= cos [(2 cos2 1) 2 sin2 ]
1
= 2 cos [cos2 sin2 2]
1
ii. L.H.S = 2 [sin 6 sin 2]
+
Using the factor formulae sin sin = 2 cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2

1 1 6+2 62
[sin 6 sin 2] = [2 cos ( ) sin ( )]
2 2 2 2

= cos 4 sin 2 [cos 4 = 2 cos2 2 1]

= (2 cos 2 2 1) sin 2
iii. sin 6 sin 2 = 0
(2 cos 2 2 1) sin 2 = 0
2 cos 2 2 1 = 0
1
cos2 2 =
2
1
cos 2 = 0
2 2
3
2 = ,
4 4
3
= ,
8 8

sin 2 = 0 0 2

2 = 0,

= 0,
2
3
= 0, , ,
2 8 8

59
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

b. Given cot 2 + cos = 0

cos 2
2 + cos = 0
sin2
2 cos 2 + sin2 cos = 0
2 cos 2 + (1 cos 2 ) cos = 0
2 cos 2 + cos cos3 = 0
cos3 2 cos2 cos = 0
cos (cos 2 2 cos 1) = 0
cos = 0
cos2 2 cos 1 = 0
2 4
Using the quadratic formula =
2

(2) (2)2 4(1)(1)

cos =
2
2 8
cos = , 8 = 2 4 = 22
2
2 22
cos = = 1 2
2

cos = 1 2, cos 1 + 2

cos = 0, 1 2
Question 4
a. i. Given = 3 sec , and = 3 tan
sec 2 = 1 + tan2

sec = , tan =
3 3
2 2
( ) =1+( )
3 3
2 2
=1+
9 9
2 = 9 + 2

60
 ii. 2 = 9 + 2 ------ (1)

= 10 ------ (2)
2 = 10 --------- (3) squaring (2)
10 = 9 + 2 Substitute (3) into (1)
2 10 + 9 = 0
( 1)( 9) = 0
= 1, 9

When = 1, = 10 point (1, 10)

When = 9, = 90 = 310 point (9, 310)

b. i. = 3 + 4 and = + 6
ii. = (3 + 4) ( + 6)
= 2 2
iii. = (3 + 4) ( + 6)
= 3 + 24 = 27
iv. = || || cos

cos =
|| ||

|| = (3)2 + (4)2

= 25 = 5

|| = (1)2 + (6)2

= 37
27
cos =
5 37
cos = 0.888
= cos 1 0.888 = 27.4

61
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

Question 5

3 +8
a. i. Let () =
2 4

() is discontinuous when 2 4 = 0
Therefore = 2, 2

3 +8
ii. lim
2 2 4

3 + 8 = ( + 2)( 2 2 + 4)
( + 2)( 2 2 + 4)
lim
2 ( + 2)( 2)
( 2 2 + 4) (2)2 2(2) + 4
lim =
2 ( 2) 2 2
12
= = 3
4

2 3 +4
ii. lim
0 sin 2
2 3 + 4
lim 2
0 sin 2
2
+2
lim
0 sin 2
2
lim + 2 0+2
0
=
sin 2 1
lim 2
0

2 3 + 4
lim =2
0 sin 2

62
 2 + 1, > 1,
b. Given () = {
4 + , < 1.
i. a. lim () = 12 + 1 = 2
1+

b. lim () = 4 + (1)
1

When lim () exist lim+ () = lim ()

1 1 1

Therefore 4 + = 2
= 2
ii. (1) = 2 For to be continuous at = 1.

c. Given = 2 + 2

= 2 + (2 3 )

2
= 2 3

When = 1, = 1 therefore
1 = + ------ (1)
35
When = , = 2 therefore
4

35 2
= 2(2) 3
4 2
35
= 4
4 4
35 = 16 ----- (2)
Add eq. (1) and (2) we have
34 = 17, = 2
From (1) when = 2 we have
1 = 2 + , = 3
Therefore = 2, = 3

63
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2013

Question 6

a. i. Given = 4 2 7
1
= (4 2 7)1/2 8
2
4
=
4 2 7

4 2 7 = 4

= 4 2 7

= 4

4
ii. =
4 2 7



using the quotient rule = , =
2

= 4, =4

4
= 4 2 7 =
4 2 7
4
4 2 7(4) 4 ( )
2 4 2 7
= 2
2 (4 2 7)

4(4 2 7)(4 2 7) (4)(4)

= 4 2 7
4 2 7
4(4 2 7) 16 2
=
(4 2 7)4 2 7
16 2 28 16 2
=
(4 2 7)4 2 7
28
=
(4 2 7)4 2 7

64
 2 28
(4 2 7) 2
= 2
4 7
2 28
2
= 2
4 7
2 4 2
( ) =( )
4 2 7
16 2
=
4 2 7
2 2 28 16 2
2+( ) = 2 + 2
4 7 4 7
16 2 28
=
4 2 7
4(4 2 7)
= =4
4 2 7
2 2
Therefore +( ) =4
2

b. i. = 3 2 6

Integrating both sides we have

= 3 2 6

= 3 3 2 +
When = 1, = 0
0 = (1)3 3(1)2 +
0 = 1 3 +
=4
= 3 3 2 + 4

65
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2012

ii. = 3 2 6

At the stationary points = 0 therefore

3 2 6 = 0
3( 2) = 0
= 0, 2
When = 0, = 4 (0, 4)
When = 2, = 23 3(22 ) + 4
= 8 12 + 4 = 0 (2, 0)
Therefore the stationary points are (0, 4) and (2, 0)

2
iii. = 6 6
2
2
When = 0, = 6
2

Therefore (0, 4) is a maximum

2
When = 2, = 6(2) 6 = 6
2

Therefore (2, 0) is a minimum

66
iv. The curve meets the x-axis when = 0 therefore
3 3 2 + 4 = 0
The minimum point has = 0, = 2
Therefore ( 2)2 is a factor
( 2)2 ( ) = 3 3 2 + 4
Equating the constants we have
4 = 4, = 1
3 3 2 + 4 = ( 2)2 ( + 1)
Therefore the curve meets the x-axis at = 2, and 1
(1, 0) and (2, 0)

v.

4 (0,4)

(1, 0) (2,0)

2 1 0 2
(2, 0)

67
 CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS TO 2011 EXAM

Question 1

2 2
a. i. (75 + 12) (75 12)

[(75 + 12) + (75 12)][(75 + 12) (75 12)]

(275)(212)

(225 3)(24 3)

2 53 2 23
40 3 = 120

ii. 271/4 93/8 811/8

1 3 1
(33 )4 (32 )8 (34 )8
3 3 1
34 34 32
3 3 1
3(4+4+2)
32 = 9

b. () = 3 + 2 + +

f(x)

(0, 4)

x
Q 0 1 2

68
i. When = 0, (0) = , therefore is the y-intercept
From the graph the y-intercept is where the curve cuts the y-axis.
Therefore = 4

ii. From the graph when = 0, = 1, 2 therefore

(1) = 1 + + + 4 = 0
+ = 5 ------ (1)
(2) = 23 + (22 ) + (2) + 4 = 0
4 + 2 = 12 ----- (2)
2 + = 6 ---- (3) dividing (2) by 2
= 1 (1) Subtract (2)
= 1
From (1) when = 1 we have
1 + = 5
= 4
So () = 3 2 4 + 4

iii. 3 2 4 + 4 = ( 1)( 2)( + )

Equating the constants we have
4 = (1)(2)
4 = 2
=2
Therefore the third factor is + 2
+2=0
= 2
The x coordinate of the point Q is 2.

69
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

c. i. Given log 2 = log 2

1
log 2 = log 2 ()2
1
log 2 = log 2
2
Let = log 2 therefore
1
= 2 Squaring both sides we have

1 2
=
4
4 = 2
2 4 = 0
( 4) = 0
= 0, 4
When = 0, log 2 = 0
= 20 = 1
When = 4, log 2 = 4
= 24 = 16
Therefore = 1, 16

ii. Given 2 || 12 < 0

, 0
Because of || = {
, < 0
We have 2 12 < 0, for 0
( + 3)( 4) < 0
Critical points = 3, 4

70
 2 12
2 + 12

3 4 4 3

2 12 < 0, has inequality for values of between 3 < < 4

We have 2 + 12 < 0, for < 0

( 3)( + 4) < 0
Critical points = 3, 4, therefore for 2 + 12 < 0, has inequality
for values of , 4 < < 3

Taking the union of both sets we have inequality for values of , 4 < < 4

Question 2

a. i. Given and are the roots of 2 + 24 = 0

( )( ) = 0, 2 ( + ) +
a. + =
b. = 24,
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2
= 2 2(24)
= 2 48

ii. Given 2 + 2 = 33,

2 48 = 33
2 81 = 0
( 9)( + 9) = 0
= 9, or 9

71
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

b. Given (2 + 3) = 2() + 3 and (0) = 6

i. When = 0, we have
(3) = 2(0) + 3
= 2(6) + 3
= 12 + 3 = 15

ii. When = 2, we have

(2(3) + 3) = 2(3) + 3
(6 + 3) = 2(15) + 3
(9) = 30 + 3 = 33

iii. When = 3 we have

(2(3) + 3) = 2(3) + 3
(6 + 3) = 2(3) + 3
(3) = 2(3) + 3
3 = 2(3) (3)
(3) = 3

c. An even number can be express as 2 where is an integer.

A odd number can be express as 2 1 where is an integer.
For two consecutive numbers one must be even and the other odd, therefore
The product of two consecutive integers can be ( + 1) = 2(2 1).
Where 2(2 1) = 2[( 1)].
Two times any number makes it even. Therefore the product of two consecutive integers
is an even integer.

72
d. Given to prove that (2 + 5) is divisible by 6
When = 1 we have
1(12 + 5) = 6 which is divisible by 6
Therefore the statement is true for = 1
Assume statement is true when = , therefore
( 2 + 5) is divisible by 6
When = + 1 we have
( + 1)[( + 1)2 + 5]
( + 1)( 2 + 2 + 1 + 5)
( + 1)( 2 + 2 + 6)
3 + 2 2 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 6
3 + 3 2 + 8 + 6
3 + 5 + 3 2 + 3 + 6
( 2 + 5) + 3( + 1) + 6
We assumed ( 2 + 5) is divisible by 6, ( + 1) is an even integer which when
multiplied by 3 is divisible by 6 and 6 is divisible by 6.
Therefore when = + 1 the statement is true.
Since the statement is true for = 1, and + 1, it is true for all positive integer n.

Question 3

a. = 1 + 2 and = 1 + 2 with || = 13 and || = 10

i. || = (1 ) + (2 ) = 13 and || = (1 ) + (2 ) = 10
( + ) ( ) = [(1 + 1 ) + (2 + 2 )] [(1 1 ) + (2 2 )]
= ((1 )2 (1 )2) + ((2 )2 (2 )2 )
= ((1 )2 + (2 )2 ) ((1 )2 + (2 )2 )
= 132 102 = 169 100
= 69

73
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

ii. 2 = 11 and so = 2 11
( + ) = 2 11 + and ( ) = 2 11
( + ) = 3 11 ( ) = 11
( + ) = 3( 1 + 2 ) 11 and ( ) = ( 1 + 2 ) 11
( + ) = (31 11) + 32 and ( ) = (1 11) + 2
( + ) ( ) = [(31 11)(1 11)] + [32 2 ] = 69

= 31 2 441 + 121 + 32 2 = 69

= 3(1 2 + 2 2 ) 441 + 52 = 0

|| = (1 2 + 2 2 ) = 10 1 2 + 2 2 = 100

= 3(100) 441 + 52 = 0
441 = 352
1 = 8

1 2 + 2 2 = 100

2 = 100 82 = 6
Therefore = 8 + 6 or 8 6
= 2 11
= 2(8 + 6) 11 = 5 + 12
= 2(8 6) 11 = 5 12

b. i. Given the line L has equation + 1 = 0 and the circle C has equation
2 + 2 2 15 = 0
The general equation of a circle is given by 2 + 2 2 2 + = 0
where f and g are the coordinates of the centre of the circle.
From the equation of the circle the coordinate of the centre is (0, 1)
Therefore from the line equation + 1 = 0 when = 0 and = 1

74
 We have 0 1 + 1 = 0 therefore it is shown that the line L passes through the
centre of the circle.

ii. L intersects C at P and Q therefore we solve simultaneously the equations of

L and C.
2 + 2 2 15 = 0 -------- (1)
+ 1 = 0 -------- (2)
From (2) = + 1 ------- (3)
Substitute (3) into (1) we have
2 + ( + 1)2 2( + 1) 15 = 0
2 + 2 + 2 + 1 2 2 15 = 0
2 2 16 = 0
2 = 8

= 8 = 22

= 1 22

The coordinates of P and Q are (22, 1 + 22) and (22, 1 22)

iii. Given the parametric equations = + cos and = + sin .

We have cos = and sin =

2 2
cos2 + sin2 = 1 so ( ) +( ) =1

( )2 + ( )2 = 2
The equation of C written in this form is given by
2 + ( 1)2 1 15 = 0
2 + ( 1)2 = 16 = 42
Therefore = 0, = 1, and = 4

75
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

iv. Let the circle 2 has centre (, ) and radius 4 therefore 2 has equation
( )2 + ( )2 = 16
The circle 2 touches the line L at the centre of C (0, 1) and has the same radius
Therefore (0 )2 + (1 )2 = 16
2 + (1 )2 = 16
Also the line through the centres of the circle is perpendicular to the line L
therefore it has gradient 1.
1
= 1
0

1 =
=1
Substituting = 1 into 2 + 2 2 15 = 0 we have
(1 )2 + (1 )2 = 16
2(1 )2 = 16
(1 )2 = 8

1 = 8 = 22

= 1 22, 1 + 22
=1

= 1 (1 22) = 22

= 1 (1 + 22) = 22

Therefore the centres are (22, 1 22) and (22, 1 + 22 )

2 2
The possible equations are ( 22) + ( (1 22)) = 16
2 2
( 22) + ( 1 + 22) = 16
2 2
and ( (22)) + ( (1 + 22)) = 16
2 2
( + 22) + ( 1 22) = 16
76
Question 4

a. i. Given 8 cos 4 10 cos2 + 3 = 0

Let = cos 2 then
8 2 10 + 3 = 0
8 2 6 4 + 3 = 0
2(4 3) (4 3) = 0
(2 1)(4 3) = 0
1 3
= 2 or 4
1 1
cos2 = 2 , so cos =
2

1
The acute angle is = cos 1 ( ) =
2 4

0 therefore is in the first and second quadrants .

3
The angles are = or = 4 = for the second quadrant.
4 4

3 3
cos2 = 4 , so cos = 2

3
The acute angle is = cos 1 ( 2 ) = 3
5
The angles are = or = 6 = for the second quadrant.
6 6

3 5
= , , or
4 4 6 6

b. i. From the diagram angle 90 therefore triangle is similar to

triangle and as a result angle is equal to angle .
= +

= cos , so = 6 cos
6

= sin , so = 8 sin
8
= 6 cos + 8 sin

77
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

ii. Given || = 7 then

6 cos + 8 sin = 7
Using sin( + ) = 6 cos + 8 sin
We have sin( + ) = sin cos + sin cos
Therefore 8 = cos 6 = sin
sin 6
= tan =
cos 8
6 3
tan = =
8 4
3
= tan1 (4) = 36.87 or 0.644 rad

= 62 + 82 = 10
6 cos + 8 sin = 10 sin( + 0.644)
10 sin( + 0.644) = 7
7
sin( + 0.644) = 10
7
+ 0.644 = sin1 (10)

+ 0.644 = 44.42 or 0.775 rad

= 0.775 0.644
= 0.131 rad or 7.55

iii. = 6 cos + 8 sin = 10 sin( + 0.644)

Therefore the maximum value of BC is 10 because sin( + 0.644) has a
maximum value of 1. So || = 15 is NOT possible

1cos 2 2 sin2
c. i. =
sin 2 2 sin cos
sin
= = tan
cos

78
 1cos 4 2 sin2 2
ii. a. =
sin 4 2 sin 2 cos2
sin 2
= = tan 2
cos 2

1cos 6 2 sin2 3
b. =
sin 6 2 sin 3 cos 3
sin 3
= = tan 3
cos 3

iii. From the above identities it can be seen that

1 cos 2
= tan
sin 2
Therefore 1 cos 2 = tan sin 2
1 = tan sin 2 + cos 2

tan sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 =

=1 =1

Question 5
2 +5+6
a. lim
2 2 6
( + 2)( + 3)
lim
2 ( + 2)( 3)

( + 3) 2 + 3 1
lim = =
2 ( 3) 2 3 5

2
b. Given () = { + 1 if 2
+ 1 if < 2

i. (2) = 22 + 1 = 5
ii. lim () = lim+( 2 + 1) = 22 + 1 = 5
2+ 2

iii. lim () = lim( + 1 ) = 2 + 1

2 2

79
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

iv. if f is continuous at = 2 then

lim () = lim ()
2+ 2

5 = 2 + 1
4 = 2 => = 2

c. Given = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 and at (1, 2) =7


We have = 3 2 + 2 + 3

When = 1, = 7, 7 = 3 + 2 + 3 ------ (1)

4 = 3 + 2 --------- (2)
When = 1, = 2 2 = + + 3 + 2 ----- (3)
3 = + -------- (4)
Multiple (4) by 2 6 = 2 + 2 ------ (5)
Subtract (5) from (2) 10 =
3 = +
3 = 10 + => = 13
Therefore the equation is = 10 3 13 2 + 3 + 2

ii. The gradient of the tangent at T is =7

Therefore the gradient of the normal is 7

1
The equation of the normal is given by 2 = 7 ( 1)

7 14 = 1
7 + = 15
iii. The line = 1 cuts the x-axis at = 1, therefore coordinates of M is (1, 0)
the normal has equation 7 + = 15 therefore coordinates for N
when = 0, = 15,
M and N is on the x-axis therefore length of = 15 1 = 14

80
Question 6

a. i. Given = ( 2 12), = 3 12

We have = 3 2 12


At the stationary points = 0, 3 2 12 = 0

3( 2 4) = 0
= 2, 2
When = 2, = 2(22 12) = 16
When = 2, = 2((2)2 12) = 16
Therefore the stationary points have coordinates (2, 16) and (2, 16)

ii. At the origin = 0, = 12 this is the gradient of the tangent.

1
The gradient of the normal is therefore 12, and the equation of the normal at the
1 1
origin is given by 0 = ( 0), = .
12 12

iii. The curve = ( 2 12) cuts the x-axis when = 0 therefore

( 2 12) = 0, and = 0, 12 = 23
The area between the curve and the positive x-axis is given by
12

= ( 2 12)
0

12

= (12 3 )
0

4 12
= [6 2 ]
4 0
4
(12)
2
= 6(12)
4
144
= 6(12) = 36 sq. units
4

81
 SOLUTIONS TO CAPE PURE MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 EXAM 2011

b. i. Using the result () = ( )

0 0

We have sin = ( ) sin( )

0 0

sin( ) = sin therefore sin = ( ) sin

0 0

ii. a. sin = ( ) sin

0 0

= ( sin sin )
0

= sin sin
0 0

= sin sin
0 0

. sin = sin sin

0 0 0

2 sin = sin
0 0

= [ cos ]
0
= [( cos ) ( cos(0))]

= [((1)) (1)]

2 sin = 2
0

sin =
0

82