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S TR U C TU R ES
IN C .
R Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
EXAMPLE 1-006
FRAME - NON-PRISMATIC SECTIONS AND AUTOMATIC FRAME SUBDIVISION
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
This example tests the SAP2000 non-prismatic frame section property. In
SAP2000 the axial (A), torsion (J), weight, and mass properties can vary linearly,
and the bending property (I) variation can be linear, parabolic or cubic. The
variation of the moment of inertia is defined in SAP2000 as follows:
L
where,
n
( ) (I ) Lx
x n = 1 for linear variation,
I1 I2 I ( x) = I11/ n 1 + 1/ n
2 n = 2 for parabolic variation, and
L
n = 3 for cubic variation,
x
Important Note: Only bending and axial deformations are considered in the
analysis. Shear deformations are ignored. In SAP2000 this is achieved by setting
the property modification factor for shear area to 0.
This example also tests the frame automatic subdivide feature of SAP2000. The
automatic frame subdivide option internally divides the frame object into a user-
specified number of elements for the analysis. The analysis results are combined
and reported for the entire frame object, not the subdivided elements.
In this example two models are run. Model A has no automatic subdivision.
Model B has automatic subdivision that divides the frame object up into 10 equal
length elements. The results are compared for each model.
EXAMPLE 1-006 - 1
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144"
36" 36" 36" 36" Material Properties
E = 3,600 k/in2
= 0.2
Seg. 1 Seg. 2 Seg. 3 Seg. 4 G = 1,500 k/in2
Unit weight = 0.15 k/ft3
Z
FSec 2
FSec 3
FSec 2
FSec 4
FSec 3
FSec 1
FSec 1
FSec 2
Segment Definitions
Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4
Length, in 36 36 36 36
EXAMPLE 1-006 - 2
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Section Properties
FSec1 FSec2 FSec3 FSec4
Width b, in 12 12 12 12
Depth d, in 12 18 24 30
Loading
Load Case Load Type Value
3 Fy at free end 5k
4 Fz at free end -5 k
EXAMPLE 1-006 - 3
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RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated using the unit load method described on
page 244 in Cook and Young 1985.
EXAMPLE 1-006 - 4
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CONCLUSION
The SAP2000 results show an exact match with the independent results for both
models A and B.
EXAMPLE 1-006 - 5
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HAND CALCULATION
EXAMPLE 1-006 - 6
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 7
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 8
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 9
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 10
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 11
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 12
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 13
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 14
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 15
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 16
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 17
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EXAMPLE 1-006 - 18