Module8

TD19&BD52
IntroductionandGeneralPrinciples
RowanOCallaghan
TD19/15andBD52/13

TD19 Safety BD52 Vehicle&

Barriers PedestrianParapets

Series400and2200
ofNRASpecalready
merged

Intentiontomerge
BD52andTD19
TD19/15SafetyBarriers
 TheRoadtoTD19/15

TD19/85 UKDMRB&HCDs
TD19/01 transitionalarrangements
TD19/02 endoftransitionalarrangements
TD19/04
TD19/07
TD19/09
TD19/13
TD19/14
TD19/15
TD19:Introduction

WhenareyoulikelytousethisStandard?
1. Onallnew NationalRoadschemes
2. OnNationalRoadimprovementschemes
3. Foronlinerealignment schemes(TD19Ch8)
4. ForRegional/LocalRoads improvedordiverted
underNationalRoadscheme(TD19Ch8)
5. Whenintroducinganewhazard
6. Whenchangingcrosssection
7. WhenmaintainingorreplacingVRS
TD19:IrishVRSDesignStandard
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Definitions Designapproach
fornew/improved
3. HazardMitigation
NationalRoad
4. ClearZone schemes
5. PermanentSafetyBarriers
6. Terminals Designapproachfor
7. Transitions onlinerealignments&
Regional/LocalRoad
8. RiskAssessmentProcedure Schemesupgraded
underNationalRoad
schemes
TD19:IrishVRSDesignStandard
EuroNorm1317Intro
EN13171
Terminologyandgeneralcriteriafortestmethods

EN13172
Performanceclasses,impacttestcriteria,parametersandmethods
forbarriers

EN13174
Performanceclasses,impacttestcriteria,parametersandmethods
forterminals&transitions

EN13175
ProductRequirements,DurabilityandEvaluationofConformity

EN13177
Performanceclasses,impacttestcriteria,parametersandmethods
forterminals
 EN1317v TD19

Setsoutperformance SetsoutIrish
characteristicsofVRS performance
forEUmemberstates requirementsand
provisioncriteria
Setsouttestmethods
Givesguidance on
Productrequirements, designandinstallation
CEmarking,etc ofVRS
Doesnotapply Introducesconcepts of
guidance ondesign, Setback,Lengthof
installationor Need,etc
maintenance
TD19:KeyFeatures

TD19
SafetyBarrier
Design
Standard
TD19:Definitions ContainmentLevel

Whatkindofvehicleare
wetryingtocontain?

Normal High VeryHigh

 TD19:Definitions ImpactSeverity
Theseverityofanimpact
againstthetestedrestraint
system
Theconsequencesofthe
impactonthecar'soccupant
FunctionofAcceleration
SeverityIndexandthe
TheoreticalHeadImpact
Velocity
3levels A,BandC
A=greaterlevelofsafetyfor
thecar'soccupantsthanlevel
Betc.
TD19:Definitions WorkingWidth

Themaxlateraldistance
betweenanypartofthe
barrierontheun
deformedtrafficsideand
themaximumdynamic
positionofanypartofthe
barriersystem
TD19:Definitions DynamicDeflection

Themaxlateraldistance
betweenthetrafficfaceofthe
barrierbeforeandafterthe
impact
TD19:Definitions VehicleIntrusion
Thedistancefromthe
trafficfaceoftheun
deformedbarriertothe
maxdynamiclateral
positionoftheimpact
vehicle(HGV)
TD19:Examples WorkingWidth
TD19:Definitions SetBack

Setback=dimension
betweenthetrafficface
ofthesafetybarrierand
theedgeoftheroad
pavement
TD19:Definitions LengthofNeed
Thelengthofabarrierwhichprovidesthefulllevelof
protectionrequiredforaparticularhazard.
TD19:Definitions LengthofNeed
TD19:Definitions LengthofNeed
TD19:Definitions LengthofNeed
 TD19:Definitions LengthofNeed

Aterminalisnotpart
ofabarriersLengthof
Need
 TD19Principles DefinedHazards
Anyphysicalobstructionwhichmay,intheeventofanerrantvehicleleavingthe
carriageway,resultinsignificantinjurytotheoccupantsofthevehicle

Central
EmbankmentSlope CutSlope Reserves
SignPosts

Trees LightingColumns
 TD19Principles DefinedHazards

Water/Ditches/ Linear
AttenuationPonds Hazards Culverts/Headwalls

Fixed Fixed Fixed

Obstacles Obstacles Obstacles

Otherlocationswhich ACCIDENT
requirespecial
consideration BLACKSPOT
TD19Principles DefinedHazards

Allfences(includingtimber
post&railfences)including
ifusedasroadboundary=
Hazards*
*exceptforRCD/300/20&21
TD19Principles NewFenceDetail
NewRCD/300/20&RCD/300/21 Timberpost
andstrainedwiremeshfence
TD19Principles HazardMitigation

a. Remove
b. Relocate
c. Redesign hazard(e.g.passive)
d. Revise roadlayoutorcrosssectionto
lowerrisk
e. Reduce ImpactSeverity(e.g.breakaway
features,flushprofiles)
f. Providesuitablebarrier
TD19Principles ClearZone
Widthoftraversablelandto
beclearofunprotected
hazards
Measuredfromthenearest
edgeofthetraffickedlane
Doesnotnormallyinclude
theroadboundaryfence/
areasoflandbeyondthe
roadboundary.
Influencedbyvehiclespeed,
horizontalcurvature,and
terrainprofile
TD19Principles ClearZone
RequiredClearZoneWidthsprovidedinTable4/1
 TD19Principles ClearZone
CZ=6.5m CZ=7.7m
CZ=
85km/h 8.8m
Straight 800m
(or>1000m
Radius) Radius
600m
Radius

CZ=10m CZ=14.9m
CZ=
20m
120km/h
Straight 800m
(or>1000m
Radius) Radius
600m
Radius
TD19Principles ClearZone
TerrainClasshasmajorinfluenceonthewidthoftheClear
Zone:
Class1:Slope1:5(falling)or1:2(rising) consideredlevel
Class2:Slopebetween1:3and1:5(falling) shouldnot
causeoverturning(withrounding),butdecelerationunlikely
onslope slopewidthcanbepartoftheClearZone,but
cannotbeincludedinthedeterminationofthenecessary
widthoftheClearZone
Class3:Sloperisessharply(steeperthan1:2)orfalls
sharply(steeperthan1:3) dangerofoverturningorsudden
haltingofthevehicle. CannotbepartofClearZone
TD19Principles ClearZone
TD19Principles ClearZone
TD19Principles ProvisionCriteria
Guidanceonminimum ContainmentLevelsprovidedinTable5/5

Slopessteeperthan1:3&0.5mhigh N2

Individualhazards N2

Centralreserves7.5mwide H2

AdjacentRailway H2

ForroadswithaDesignSpeed TheContainmentLevelontheapproach
85km/h,containmentlevelN1may toaparapetshallbeequaltothatof
theparapetortheadjacentsafety
besubstitutedforN2 barrier,whicheveristhegreater.
 TD19Principles ProvisionCriteria

OnmotorwaysandType1
dualcarriagewayscentral
reservebarriersaretobe
constructedfromconcrete
TD19Principles ProvisionCriteria

N2 H2 N2

Wherethereareseveralhazardstobeprotectedbyasingle
safetybarrier,theContainmentLevelforthebarrierwillbe
determinedbythemostseverehazard.
 TD19Principles LateralPositioning
Setback

MinimumSetbackonaverges =1.2m
Maybereducedto0.6m ifH/S1mor<85km/h

MinimumSetbackcentralreserves =0m wherehardstrip0.6m

present
Ifnohardstrippresent,minSetback=0.6m

Needtoensurevisibilityrequirementsarenotaffectedbybarrier
positioning
TD19Principles LateralPositioning
Theperformanceofthesafetybarriersystemmustnotbe
compromised bythepresenceofafilterdrain,cablesorthe
likeclosetothebarrierfoundations.

Ensuretherequiredcleardistancebetweenthebarrierand
anyfeature whichmayaffectthesafetybarrierperformance.

AlterationstoSetbackmayberequiredinsome
circumstancesalthoughtheminimumSetbackshallnever
becompromised.
TD19Principles LateralPositioning
Fornormalcontainment,Setbackonvergesshouldbeas
generousaspossible togiveerrantvehicleseverychanceto
regaincontrol(e.g.W6)

Forisolatedhazards,positionVRSascloseaspossibletothe
hazard,usingalowerWorkingWidth(W2toW4)

ForhighercontainmentbarrierswithlowWorkingWidths,
Setbackshouldbekeptaslowaspossibletoreducethe
angleofimpactandconsequentlytheseverityofimpact

AcompromisebetweenSetbackandWorkingWidthwill
needtobeassessedbytheDesignerconsideringthespace
available
Set Working
back Width
TD19Principles LateralPositioning
 TD19Principles LengthofNeed
Lengthofsafetybarrierisderivedfromadetailed
considerationofeachlocation

Total Length Length Intermediate

VRS = of + of + Lengths
Length Need Terminals neededfor
barriertoattain
fullperformance

LengthofNeed=ApproachLength+HazardLength+DepartureLength
TD19Principles LengthofNeed
TD19Principles LengthofNeed
MinimumSystemLengthLengthofmintestedlength
TD19Principles BarrierHeight
Setattheheightspecifiedforthesystem
Carefultoensurethatbarrierisatthecorrectheight
followingresurfacingoroverlayworks(anyverticalshift
allowed?)
Heightrelativetoroadorsurroundingground:

Heightrelativeto
Heightrelativeto
surroundingground
roadpavement

Setback<1.5m Setback1.5m
TD19Principles Kerbs
TD19Principles Kerbs
Kerbsinfrontofbarriercancontributetothevehicle
overturning
Ifkerbsinfrontofthebarriercannotbeavoidedthey
shouldbesplayedoverthefullheightbyatleast45 to
theverticalandnothigherthan80mm.

Min45 splay

Max80mm
TD19Principles Flares
FlareRatemax1:20
UsedtochangeSetbackortolocateterminalsaway
fromcarriageway
Mustnotconflictwithmanufacturersrecommendations
Whereverpracticable,theendsofbarriersshouldbe
flared
Tominimiseadriversreactiontotheintroductionofanobject
nearthecarriageway
ToreducetheLengthofNeed
Note flaringmaynotbeappropriateatfullheight
terminals
TD19Principles AtJunctions

HAZARD
TD19Principles Flares
TD19Principles AtJunctions
Barrierlayoutsshouldsuittherequirementsofbothroads.
Consideranyhazardclosetothejunctionwhichlieswithinthe
ClearZoneofthemainroad
Barriermayfollowthelineoftheedgeofpavementand
thereforenotbeparalleltothemainroad.
Avoidpositioningbarriers>20 tothelikelyapproach
directionofanerrantvehicle
Barriersshouldnotbeturnedthroughsharpradii suchthat
theycouldbehitheadonandcreateagreaterhazardthanthe
unprotectedsituation(e.g.atTjunctionsandaccesses)
TD19Principles AtJunctions

HAZARD

1:20
TD19Principles AtJunctions
 TD19Principles Terminals
ATerminalisthetreatmentofthebeginningand/orendofa
safetybarrier
Minimisestheriskofinjurytotheoccupantsoferrantvehicles
Canprovideananchorageforthebarriersystem
Flareratemax1:20(subjecttomanufacturersrequirements)
Terminalmustbecompatiblewiththetypeofsafetybarrierit
isattachedto
 TD19Principles Terminals
1.Returnbarrierend Optionsforterminatingbarriers
intoacutslopeorbund
inorderofpreference
with1in20flare

2.Rampdownto
groundlevel,where
notindirectlineof
trafficandis
outsideClearZone
with1in20flare
3.Terminateatfull
heightwherein
directlineoftraffic
 TD19Principles Terminals
Whatisdirectlineoftraffic?

Lineof
Zonewhere proposed
terminalcould safety
beconsidered barrier
notinthedirect
lineoftraffic
TD19Principles Terminals
UpstreamTerminals PerformanceRequirements:
MustcomplywithEN13174andprEN13177
For100km/h,shallbePerformanceClassP4(wherethe
terminalisinthedirectshallbelineoftraffic)
For<100km/h,shallbeminimumPerformanceClassP1
Mustcomplywithtestcodes
T110(Approaches1&6)
TD19Principles Terminals
DownstreamTerminals PerformanceRequirements:
DownstreamTerminalsmaybeburied,rampedor
fullheight
IffullheighttheymustcomplywithEN13174and
prEN13177
IffullheighttheyshallbeminimumPerformance
ClassP1
TD19Principles P1Terminals
TD19Principles P4Terminals

(Currently
EN1317P7
Tested)

Forfullheightterminals,flaringmaynotbeappropriate
 TD19Principles Transitions
Transitionsprovideagradualchangefromonebarriertoanother,to
preventthehazardofanabruptvariation.
betweenbarriersofdifferentWorkingWidthsorContainmentLevels
betweenbarriersofdifferentcrosssectionordifferentlateralstiffness
betweenbarriersandbridgeparapets
 TD19Principles Transitions

Transitionlengthsshouldbesufficienttoensurethatno
significantchangesinthedynamicdeflectionoccurovershort
lengths
Shouldbeatleast10to12timesthechangeinWorkingWidth
TD19Principles Transitions

WhatNOTRANSITIONlookslike
TD19 Chapter8RiskAssessment
Usedtoassesstheneedforasafetybarrieronascheme
involvingonlinerealignment
Usedforthedesignofneworreplacementbarriersonlegacy
sectionsofNationalRoutes
RequirestheDesignertousehisprofessionaljudgmentinthe
riskassessmentindecidingifabarrierisrequired
TD19 AnticipatedChanges
Additionalguidanceontheflaringandrampingdownof
terminals(e.g.atradiuslocations)
GuidanceoninterpolationofClearZonewidthfordesign
speeds<85km/h(i.e.for60km/h)
CrashCushions
Connectionstobridgeparapets(e.g.whereexistingparapetshavelittle
ornocontainment)

DetailsofhowtoterminateVRSsystemsbyburyingintobunds
Otherconstraintsassociatedwithmaintainingorretrofitting
VRSonlegacyroads
BD52/13DesignofVehicle
&PedestrianParapets
BD52:Introduction

WhenareyoulikelytousethisStandard?
1. Whendesigningparapetsfornewbridges,
retainingwalls,andsimilarstructureson:
allnew NationalRoadschemes
AndonallNationalRoadimprovement
schemes
2. Whenreplacingparapetsonexistingbridges
3. CanbeusedonNonNationalRoadschemes (but
extentofapplicationtobeagreedwiththerelevantRoadAuthority)
BD52:Vehicle& PedestrianParapets
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Definitions
3. GeneralRequirements
4. BespokeParapets
5. PedestrianParapets
6. AnchoragesandSupportingMembers
7. ApproachesandTransitions
8. Appendices
BD52:Definitions
VehicleParapet=safetybarrieron
edgeofabridgeorRWorsimilar
structurewherethereisaverticaldrop
(mayalsoprotectpedestriansorotherroadusers)
PedestrianParapet=restraintsystem
forpedestriansorotherroadusers
alongabridgeorRWorsimilar
structurewhichdoesnotactasa
vehiclerestraint
BespokeParapet=Avehicleor
pedestrianparapetwhichspecially
designed,isnotaproductandisnot
EN1317compliant
BD52:VehicleParapetsRequirements

Requiredontheedgesofallbridgeswhere
thereisaverticaldrop andthebridgeis
designedtocarryvehiculartraffic
Alsorequiredontheedgesofretainingwalls
orsimilarstructureswhereverticaldrop
>1mandthereisaccessforvehicles
adjacenttothetopofthewall
Vehicleparapetsusedinconnectionwith
newNationalRoadstructuresshallbefully
ISEN1317compliant*
 BD52:VehicleParapetsProvisionCriteria
Guidanceonminimum ContainmentLevelsprovidedinTable3/1
Structuresinurbanareas(SL60km/h) N1
(exceptcrossingwayorrailway,oronsubstandardradius/
curve/gradient)

AllAccommodationbridges N1

Structurespartoffreeflowjunctions H2

Structurescarryingamwayandcrossing H2
oradjoininganotherNationalRoute

StructurescarryingaNorRroadwith H2
substandardalignmentwithin215m
ofstructure

StructuresCrossingoradjacentRailways H4a
BD52:VehicleParapetsProvisionCriteria
WorkingWidth
ParapetWorkingWidthtobenogreaterthan
W4(upto1.3m)
Designerresponsibleforensuringthattheparapetsystem
testedincircumstancessimilartoproposeduse
Nowheelofanerrantvehiclecanfallbetweentheedge
ofthebridgeandthedeformedparapet
ImpactSeverityLevel(ISL)
ForNormalContainmentparapets(N1orN2),ISLA
required
ForHighorVeryHighContainmentparapets,ISLB
permitted
BD52:VehicleParapetsProvisionCriteria
HeightRequirements
StructurescarryingMwaysorroadstomotorwaystandard
fromwhichpedestrians,animalsandcyclistsareexcluded 1000
byOrder
Otherroadstructuresnototherwiseexplicitlydealtwith 1250
Whereacyclewayisadjacenttotheparapet 1400
Accommodationbridges 1500

VeryHighContainmentLevelapplicationsexceptrailway
1500
structures

Allstructuresoverrailways* 1800
Bridlewaybridges 1800
BD52:VehicleParapetsProvisionCriteria
PedestrianRestraintonVehicle
Parapets
Wherepedestrianaccessisnot
prohibitedbylaw,vehicleparapet
mustalsoprovidepedestrian
restraint
Pedestrianrestraintistobeintegral
withthevehicleparapet separate
pedestrianandvehicleparapetsare
tobeavoided
Detailedrequirementsprovidedfor
ensuringtheparapetcannotbe
climbed
BD52:VehicleParapetsProvisionCriteria
PavedVerge
Inordertodiscouragethestationingofvehicleswiththeir
wheelsclosetothevehicleparapet,araisedvergeshallbe
providedbetweentheparapetandtheedgeofhard
shoulder,hardstriporcarriageway
Theraisedvergeshallhaveaminimumwidthof600mm and
beedgedwithaminimumkerbheightofnotlessthan75mm
BD52:BespokeParapets
Maybeofsteel,aluminium,
reinforcedconcrete,oracombination
Masonryshallnotbeusedonnew
bridgesover,underoradjacentto
nationalroads
Forheritageandaesthetics,concrete
vehicleparapetsmaybecladin
masonryprovidedthecladdingis
securelyfixed
Toreplaceparapetsonexisting
masonrybridges,reinforcedor
unreinforcedmasonryparapetsmay
beused(designedtoBS6779)
 BD52:VehicleParapetsApproaches
Topreventvehiclesimpactingtheendofavehicleparapet,a
safetybarriershallbeprovidedoneachend(mayberelaxed
in50km/hspeedlimitzones)

Barriershouldbe
inlinewithtraffic
Min30mApproach paceofparapet
&15mDeparture

Containmentofbarrieron
approachtobeatleastequal
tothatofparapet
BD52:VehicleParapetsTransitions
ChangesinWorkingWidthandContainmentLevelmustbe
introducedgraduallyandevenly
Lengthoftransitionshouldensurethatnosignificantchangesin
dynamicdeflectionoccurovershortlengths
Alltransitionsshallbeconnectedtothesamesafetybarrierand
parapetsystemtowhichtheyaretested.
PendingfurtherdevelopmentofEuropeanStandardson
transitions,theuseofnontestedtransitionswillbeconsidered,
butwillconstituteaDeparturefromBD52.Toinclude
EvidencethatbarrierstobejoinedaretestedtoEN1317
Calculations/simulationsoftransitionusingdatafromactual
crashtestingofthebarriers
CertifiedbysuitablyqualifiedCEng
Questions?