T.materia 013 Adsorcion V5.2017

IWQ-224
Transferencia de Materia
Sesin : Adsorcin : Diseo Adsorbentes
Langmuir:
K Lc
q qmax
1 K Lc
Freundlich:
q kf c n
PAC GAC
Zeolitas
Silica Gel
Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

IWQ-224
Resultados de aprendizaje:
1.Identificar proceso
Identificar y fenomenologa de adsorcin (Sorption)
2.Comparar adsorcin e intercambio inico.
3.Diferenciar propiedades de adsorbentes comerciales
4.Seleccionar modelos de equilibrio adsorcin (tipos I a IX)
5.Interpretar curvas: isoterma de adsorcin, ruptura, saturacin
6.Realizar clculos y ajustes con modelos de adsorcin (cintica y
equilibrio)
7.Describir etapas y componentes de un proceso de adsorcin
8.Visualizar aplicaciones de separacin por adsorcin

Comparacin adsorcin y absorcin
PHASE I Adsorption
Adhesion
K Lc
q qmax
1 K Lc
PHASE 2 Langmuir:
Absorption
(partitioning)
Pgas K H caq
Henrys Law

Adsorption vs. Absorption
Adsorption is accumulation / adhesion of
molecules at the surface of a solid
material in contact with a gas or liquid
phase.
Absorption is dissolution of molecules
within a phase, e.g., within an organic
phase in contact with an air or water phase

Adsorption vs. Ionic Exchange
Adsorcin IX: Intercambio inico

Fuerzas impulsoras de la adsorcin
Tensin superficial
hidrofobicidad de molculas sobre superficie
hidrofbica, ej. Carbn
Fuerzas de atraccin (soluto / sorbeato (superficie slida))
van der Waals: atraccin fsica
electrostticas: interaccin cargas superficiales
qumicas : puentes de hidrgeno

Adsorption Phenomenon
The surface of a solid shows a strong affinity for
molecules that come into contact with it.
Certain solid materials concentrate specific substances
from a solution onto their surfaces.
Physical adsorption (physisorption):

Physical attractive forces
(van der Waals forces)
Adsorption e.g. Carbon ads, Activated alumina
Phenomenon
Chemical adsorption (chemisorption):
the adsorbed molecules are held to the
surface by covalent forces.
(little application in ww treatment)

Adsorcin soluto en gas o lquidos
adherido a una superficie slida

Caractersticas Adsorbentes
Slidos con alta rea especfica (100 a 1000 m2/g)
Forma : polvo, granulado, peletizado, esferas,
cilindros, hojuelas.
Tipos
Carbn Activado,
Zeolitas,
Silica Gel,
Polmeros Sintticos

Acumulacin de metano en bolsas
Sin un medio Adsorbente

Adsorcin : Reduce el volumen gas acumulado

Adsorbentes: carbon activado
PAC: Powder Activated Carbon (en polvo, 1-20 micrones)
GAC: Granular Activated Carbon (granulos 2-10 mm)

Comparacin Adsorbentes

Adsorbentes: Zeolitas
Tamices Moleculares

Properties of Molecular Sieves
Anhydrous Anhydrous Anhydrous
Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicat
Aluminosilicate Aluminosilicate e
Type 4A 5A 13X
Density in bulk (lb/ft3) 44 44 38
Specific Heat (BTU/lboF) 0.19 0.19 -
Effective diameter of pores () 4 5 13
Regeneration Temperature (oC) 200-300 200-300 200-300
Maximum Allowable 600 600 600
Temperature (oC)

Properties of Activated Carbon
Bulk Density 22-34 lb/ft3
Heat Capacity 0.27-0.36 BTU/lboF
Pore Volume 0.56-1.20 cm3/g
Surface Area 600-1600 m2/g
Average Pore Diameter 15-25
Regeneration Temperature 100-140 oC
(Steaming)
Maximum Allowable 150 oC

Temperature

Properties of Silica Gel
Bulk Density 44-56 lb/ft3
Heat Capacity 0.22-0.26 BTU/lboF
Pore Volume 0.37 cm3/g
Surface Area 750 m2/g
Average Pore Diameter 22
Regeneration Temperature 120-250 oC
Maximum Allowable Temperature 400 oC

Properties of Activated Alumina
Bulk Density
Granules 38-42 lb/ft3
Pellets 54-58 lb/ft3
Specific Heat 0.21-0.25 BTU/lboF
Pore Volume 0.29-0.37 cm3/g
Surface Area 210-360 m2/g
Average Pore Diameter 18-48
Regeneration Temperature (Steaming) 200-250 oC
Maximum Allowable Temperature 500 oC

ISOTERMAS DE ADSORCIN:
EQUILIBRIO EN UN PROCESO BATCH

Adsorbentes comerciales

Adsorbentes comerciales por aplicacin

Contacting modes for adsorption
and ion exchange
(a) Stirred-tank, slurry operation. (b) Cyclic fixed bed, batch operation
(c) Continuous countercurrent operation

PROCESO
CONTINUO
Volumen acumulado, a flujo de alimentacin constante corresponde al tiempo

Puntos: Punto de quiebre, curva de ruptura y punto de agotamiento

Nivel de saturacin de las columnas en distintos tiempos,
1 se esta comenzando a saturar mientras que 4, esta saturada

Aplicaciones de Adsorcin
en tratamiento de gases

Organics from vent streams

SO2 from vent streams

Sulfur compounds from gas streams

Water vapor from air and other gas streams

Solvents and odors from air

NO x from N2

CO2 from natural gas

Aplicaciones de Adsorcin
En separacin desde gases
N2 / O2
H2O/ethanol
Acetone /vent streams
C2H4 /vent streams
Normal paraffins/isoparaffins, aromatics
CO, CH 4 , CO 2 , N 2 , A, NH 3 , H 2

Liquid purifications: Removal of
H2O from organic solutions
Organics from H2O
Sulfur compounds from organic solutions
Decolorization of solutions
Liquid bulk separations:
Normal paraffins/isoparaffins
Normal paraffins/olefins
p-xylene/other C8 aromatics
p- or m-cymene/other cymene isomers
p- or m-cresol/other cresol isomers
Fructose/dextrose, polysaccharides
Ejemplo adsorbentes BASF, para purificacin gas natural

Adsorption of water vapor on Alumina
1.27 10-3 kg H 2 O/kg air
9.95 10-7 kg H 2 O/kg air
Activated-alumina beads
flow rate of 1.327 kg/minute Air
dew-point in 11.2oC
dew-point in adsorption -61 oC
Pressure
Swing
12.06 cm in diameter
11.15 kg of 3.3-mm-diameter Alcoa F-200
1.27 m. height
0.442 porosity (void fraction)
769 bulk density kg/m3
Adsorption occurring
first 0.2 m
of the 1.27-m bed height.
10-minute cycle,
5 minutes adsortion
21oC and 653.3 kPa (6.45 atm)
5 minutes regeneration (depressurization)
purging of the water
270-s purge period
30-s repressurization.
pressure drop of 2.386 kPa.
purge is exhausted at
a pressure of 141.3 kPa.
Pressure
Swing
Curvas de Adsorption of water vapor on Alumina

Sistema automatizado, para manejo de columnas de adsorcion o IX (J.Perry, 6ed)

IWQ-224
Sesin : Modelos de Adsorcin

Adsorcin: Modelos

Adsorcin: Modelos

Adsorcin: Modelos, derivacin Langmiur

Adsorcin: Modelos, derivacin Langmiur

Type I: unimolecular adsorption, maximum limit in the amount adsorbed
Type II isotherm is associated with multimolecular, BET
Type III isotherm multimolecular adsorption where heat of adsorption of the

first layer is less than that of succeeding layers.
Types IV and V are the capillary-condensation versions of Types II and III

Adsorption Isotherms, Langmuir: Gas
In Langmuir isotherm assuming a
unimolecular layer can be obtained by a
kinetic approach: at equilibium knowing
that the rate of adsorption is equal to the
rate of desorption:
ra=CaP(1-f)
rd=Cdf
ra: rate of adsorption
Ca, Cd: constant
P: partial pressure of the adsorbate
f: is the occupied fraction of the total solid surface

Adsorption Isotherm, Freundlich

T.materia 013 Adsorcion V5.2017

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IWQ-224

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Adsorcin IX: Intercambio inico

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Physical adsorption (physisorption):

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

PAC: Powder Activated Carbon (en polvo, 1-20 micrones)

GAC: Granular Activated Carbon (granulos 2-10 mm)

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Maximum Allowable 150 oC

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

(c) Continuous countercurrent operation

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Volumen acumulado, a flujo de alimentacin constante corresponde al tiempo

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Type II isotherm is associated with multimolecular, BET

Type III isotherm multimolecular adsorption where heat of adsorption of the

Types IV and V are the capillary-condensation versions of Types II and III

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

Transferencia de Materia IWQ 224 Claudio Acua, 2017

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