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(c
[2]
(e) Describe how ethanoic acid can be converted into ethyl ethanoate. [2]
) ammonium sulphate ......................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
IGCSE QUESTIONS SET X (Formulae & Equations, Organic compounds)
(f) State a reagent used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene. [1]
B9 The table gives information about the first five members of the homologous series of carboxylic
acids.
relative
name of acid formula melting point / C boiling point / C
molecular mass
pentanoic acid
(a) (i) Predict the formula and the relative molecular mass for pentanoic acid.
[
(ii) Explain why it is easier to predict the boiling point of pentanoic acid than the
melting point. 1
[3]
]
(b) Draw the displayed formula for propanoic acid.
(
[1]
c
(c) Analysis of an organic acid isolated from red ants shows that it contains 0.060 g of
carbon,
)
0.010 g of hydroge
S
Particle Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons
e
31 l
15P 15
e
c
27
13 Al3+ 14
t
d
35 46 36
a
Q2
t
(Total 7 marks)
a
IGCSE QUESTIONS SET X (Formulae & equations, Alkane and alkene)
B8 The table shows the energy released when one gram of an alkane or an alkene is
f
completely burned.
r
molecular Energy released per gram / kJ
formula
o
CH4 55.6
m
C2H4 50.3
C4H8 42.5
C4H10 t
49.6
C20H42 47.2 h
e
(a) Draw two possible structures for the compound with molecular formula C4H8.
[2] t
[1]
B9 Dilute ethanoic acid and dilute hydrochloric acid both react with magnesium ribbon to form
hydrogen.
(a) Give the formula of one ion found in both of these dilute acids. [1]
(b) Magnesium ribbon reacts with hydrochloric acid as shown in the equation.
A 0.24 g sample of magnesium ribbon is added to 5.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
(i) Which reactant, magnesium or hydrochloric acid, is in excess? Use calculations to explain
your answer. [2]
(ii) Calculate the maximum mass of magnesium chloride that can be formed in this reaction.
[2]
(iii) A 0.24 g sample of magnesium ribbon is added to 5.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 ethanoic acid.
Explain why this reaction forms the same volume of hydrogen but takes place much more
slowly than the reaction of the same mass of magnesium with 5.0 cm3 of
2.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid. [3]
(c) (i) Write an equation for the reaction between dilute ethanoic acid and sodium
carbonate. [1]
(ii) What observations would be made during this reaction? [1] [Total: 10]
IGCSE QUESTIONS SET X (Formulae & equations, Acid & Rate of reaction)
A2 The
2+
Cu
[Total: 7 marks]
IGCSE QUESTIONS SET X (Formulae & equations, Bonding, Acids)
(a) Complete the diagram below to show the arrangement of the molecules in ammonia gas.
[2]
(b) Which one of the following values is most likely to represent the pH of a
dilute solution of ammonia?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
N
H
H
H
[1]
solid chloride
ammonium
re litmus paper blue
d litmus paper
HEAT
(b) Name the process which causes the gases to move along the tube.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
......................................................................................................................................[1]
......................................................................................................................................[1]
relative molecular
name of gas formula
mass
chlorine Cl2 71
ammonia 17
HCl
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
6 The table below shows some information about two copper ores, tenorite and cuprite.
Both contain copper oxide.
tenorite +2 80.0%
cuprite Cu2O
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[5]
[1]
[1]
[Total: 10]
5 Buckminsterfullerene is a form of carbon which was discovered in 1985. It is shaped like a football
and has the formula C60. Its structure is shown below.
carbon atom
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Choose a word from the list below which best describes the bonding shown on the
diagram of buckminsterfullerene.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
[1]
(iii) When buckminsterfullerene reacts with DDM, nitrogen gas, N2, is given off.
State the total number of protons in one molecule of nitrogen.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
State the names of the two other forms of carbon and give a use for each.
......................................................................................................
[4]
(e) (i)
carbon. 0.03 moles of this compound reacted with excess water to form 0.12 moles of
Al(OH)3 and 0.09 moles of CH4.
Si + 2Br2 SiBr4
(i)
nitrogen gas
solution of
organic compound
volume of
nitrogen
0
0
time
(i) How does the rate of this reaction vary with time?
[1]
(ii) Why does the rate vary?
[2]
[2]
[1]
A5 One of the largest uses of phosphorus is in the making of safety matches. A safety
match ignites when it is rubbed against the striking surface of a match box.
[3]
[1]
[Total: 8]
aq
g [2]
(b) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of
nitrogen.
[2]
(c) The rate of this reaction can be measured using the following apparatus.
.........
.........
20 40 60 80 100 cm3 .........
.........
.........
.........
(a) The friction between the match head and the striking surface generates enough .........
.........
heat for the phosphorus to burn.
......
Phosphorus burns to form phosphorus(V) oxide. This oxide is covalently bonded
with a molecular structure.
........
(i) What is the molecular formula of phosphorus(V) oxide?
.........
...........................................................................................................................
... [1] .........
.........
(ii) Suggest one physical and one chemical property of phosphorus(V) oxide.
.........
physical property
.......................................................................
chemical property
.....................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
... [2]
(b) The heat from the combustion of phosphorus provides enough energy for
the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V) to oxygen and potassium chloride.
Construct the equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V).
...................................................................................................................................
... [2]
...................................................................................................................................
... [1]
...................................................................................................................................
.......
...................................................................................................................................
...
[1]
[Total:
7]
IGCSE CHEMISTRY SET X (Formulae & Equations, Structure) Complete
the word equation for the incomplete combustion of carbon.
(ii) Write down the chemical formula of the product in this reaction.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
IGCSE QUESTIONS SET X (Formulae & equations, Bonding)
(b) Complete the table below to show the formulae and uses of some compounds.
9 Quantities of chemicals, expressed in moles, can be used to find the formula of a compound, to
establish an equation and to determine reacting masses.
......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
IGCSE QUESTIONS SET X (Atomic structure, Formulae & Equations)
A3 Dry air contains mainly nitrogen and oxygen together with small amounts of argon and carbon
dioxide.
(a) State the approximate percentages of nitrogen and oxygen in dry air.
[3]
TOTAL / 8
9 This question is about atoms, ions and molecules.
(a) Draw a straight line from each particle to the correct example.
particle example
atom Na
ion O2
molecule K+
[2]
ions, Mg2+. At the same time, chlorine atoms make chloride ions, Cl .
..........................................................................................................................................
.........
..........................................................................................................................................
.....[1]
(i) Complete this sentence about compounds. magnesium and 28% nitrogen. What is
its empirical formula?
[2]
B9 This question is about the chemistry of the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
(a) Compare the reactions of sodium and of magnesium with cold water. In each case identify the
products formed.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) Draw electronic structures, including the charges, of the ions present in sodium oxide.
Hence deduce the formula for sodium oxide.
......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Write an equation for the formation of aluminium oxide from its elements.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Pure sand is silicon(IV) oxide. It has a giant molecular structure similar to that of diamond.
Suggest two physical properties of silicon(IV) oxide.
......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The atoms in a water molecule are held together by shared pairs of electrons.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 5]
formula NH4NO3.
..........................................................................................................................................
... [1]
(b) What is the total number of atoms shown in the formula K2SO4?
.............................................................................................................................................
18
[1] (b) Dry air contains about 1% of the argon-40 isotope, 40Ar.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State the number of electrons and neutrons in this isotope of argon.
(c) Argon is used in the manufacture of titanium. In this process titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl4, is
reduced with hot sodium. The products are titanium and sodium chloride.
(i) Write an equation for the reaction between titanium(IV) chloride and sodium.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) During this reaction argon is blown over the mixture of sodium and titanium(IV)
chloride.
Suggest why the reaction is carried out in an atmosphere of argon.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) A small amount of xenon is present in the air. Several compounds of xenon have been
made in recent years.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
(d)
Potassium sulfate dissolves in water.
14
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
sulfuric acid
acid
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
(a) What is the total number of atoms shown in the formula (NH4)2SO4?
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
acid
hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
phosphoric acid
sulfuric acid
O
H O
O O H H
H C H + C +
O O O
H O
H H
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
(i) Write down the name of one of the reactants in the equation.
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
mass = .................................................. hy is it
nitrogen. that a
......................................................................................
.............................................................
......................................................................................
............................................................. percentage by
mass = ...................................................
[1] [Total: 4]
3 The table shows the concentration of some ions present in seawater.
concentration of
name of ion formula of ion
ion in g / dm3
bromide Br 0.07
calcium Ca
2+ 0.4
chloride Cl 19.1
magnesium Mg
2+ 1.2
potassium K
+ 0.3
+
sodium Na 10.6
SO 2
4 0.8
[1]
........................................................................................................................................... Explain
why.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
percentage yield?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
4 (a) Look at the equations. They show what happens when methane burns
[1]
(c) Which two ions in the table are formed from Group I elements?
and [1]
[1]
(e) State the names of two ions in the table which move to the cathode when seawater is
electrolysed.
and [2]
(f) When concentrated seawater is electrolysed, chlorine is formed at one of the electrodes.
[1]
(ii) Draw the electronic structure of a chlorine molecule. Show only the outer electrons.
[2]
[2]
[Total: 11]
compound relative number of atoms present formula use
Ca = 1
calcium oxide CaO
O=1
Na = 1
sodium chloride table salt
Cl = 1
Ca = 1
calcium carbonate C =1
O=3
NH4NO3 in fertilizers
[6]
[1]
Q1
(Total 6 marks)