CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. INTRODUCTION

Research methodology is the systematic process of initiation, execution and completion of

a research study. Research methodology describes the methods of formulating a research

problem, conceptualizing a research design, constructing valid and reliable instruments for

data collection, selecting the sample frame, collecting, processing, analyzing and

interpreting data, drawing conclusions and writing the research report.

Research is to systematically solve the research problem .It involves all those methods and

techniques that are adopted for the collection and analysis of interpretation of data to solve

the problem. This includes research designing, type of data collected, method used for

collecting and analyzing the data, statistical tools etc.

Research methodology is the framework of research. It is the method that can be used to

solve the research problems. It helps in studying how research is done scientifically.

Research methodology includes not only the search but also considers the logic behind

those methods. It involves to researcher providing an alternative hypothesis, as an

alternative way that explain the phenomenon.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the blueprint to undertake the various procedures and tasks required to

complete the study. Kerlinger (1986)110 defines research design as a plan, structure and

strategy of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions or

problems. The plan is the complete scheme or program of the research. It includes an

outline of what the investigator will do from writing the hypotheses and their operational

implications to the final analysis of data. Research design constitutes the framework for
 data collection design, sampling design, instrument development, data collection, data

processing and analysis of data required for the research study.

3.2.1 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

This research is used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being

studied. It does answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. The

major objective of descriptive research is to describe something, usually market

characteristics or functions. In general, descriptive research is marked by a clear statement

of the problem, specific hypotheses, and detailed information needs. As a result, descriptive

research is pre-planned and structured. It is based on large, representative samples, and the

data obtained are subjected to quantitative analysis.

3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

A population is the number of living things that live together in the same place. The

population includes all individuals that live in that certain area. The population of this study is

customers who are using of BSNL mobile.

3.4 SAMPLING

A sample is a finite part of a statistical population whose properties are studied to gain

information about the whole. When dealing with people, it can be defined as a set of

respondents (people) selected from a larger population for the purpose of a survey. A sampling

method is a procedure for selecting sample members from a population.

3.4.1 CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

Convenience sampling (also known as availability sampling) is a specific

type of non-probability sampling method that relies on data collection

from population members who are conveniently available to participate

in study.

In all forms of research, it would be ideal to test the entire population, but in most cases,

the population is just too large that it is impossible to include every individual. This is the

reason why most researchers rely on sampling techniques like convenience sampling, the

most common of all sampling techniques. Many researchers prefer this sampling technique

because it is fast, inexpensive, easy and the subjects are readily available.

3.5 SAMPLE SIZE

Totally 120 respondents have been interviewed and the data have been collected. The size

of the sample is 120, and factors to be considered are time, cost and effectiveness etc. The

study was conducted during the period of October 7, 2016 to October 31, 2016.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION

Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data. The

purpose of data collection is to obtain information to keep on record, to make decisions

about important issues, to pass information on to others. Primarily, data is collected to

provide information regarding a specific topic. The planning of data collection for research

work is generally developed in early stage of the research for its importance and impact on

the research work. For this research, the data is collected from the respondents through a

survey questionnaire.
3.6.1 PRIMARY DATA

Primary data are those data, which are collected for the first time. In other

words the primary data are original in character. These data is collected by the researcher or

through investigators or enumerators for the first time. Primary data were obtained by

personal interview with customers of BSNL .In this project questionnaire have been used.

3.6.2 SECONDARY DATA

The secondary data are those data, which have already been collected,

tabulated and presented in some form by someone else for some other purpose. It means

data that are already available. Secondary data is collected from various source such as

reports, publications etc., to find out the profile of the company and its functioning. In these

projects secondary data was optioned from published and unpublished source such as

journals textbooks internet publications and magazines.

3.7 STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The research conducted the analysis by collecting the opinions from the

available sample size and then and using the correlation analysis method.

3.8 SOFTWARE USED FOR THE ANALYSIS

This project research used the SPSS software in order to analysis the data and find out the

conclusions.