8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES TECHNICALLECTURESERIES
INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC

Outline of Presentation

Bridge Bearings 1. BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties

2. PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts
g g y

State-of-the-Art 3. IntroductiontotheNewsetofLimitStateCodes
4. InstallationRequirementsforBearings
ALOKBHOWMICK 5. TestingandAcceptanceCriteria
ManagingDirector, Someofthematerialinthispresentationistakenfrom:
B&SEngineeringConsultantsPvt. Ltd.
315316,VISHALCHAMBERS,SECTOR18,NOIDA a) PresentationbyDr.ChristianBraunofMaurerShone,Germany
1 b) PresentationbyMrChinmoyGhoshofMAGEBA, (whichIthankfullyacknowledge): 2

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

Outline of Presentation FunctionofBridgeBearings

1. BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties 1. Bearingsareelementstransferring
verticalloadsfromSuperstructureto
Substructure,butallowing
unrestrainedrotation&displacement
2. PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts
Possible arrangement of Bearing Layouts of superstructure thus avoiding large
ofsuperstructure,thusavoidinglarge
forcestobetransferredto
substructure&foundation.
3. IntroductiontotheNewsetofLimitStateCodes
2. Bearingsarecriticalelementswithin
4. InstallationRequirementsforBearings overallbridgesystems.Theycan
potentiallycausesignificant
problems,iftheydonotfunction
5. TestingandAcceptanceCriteria properly.Malfunctioninbearingcan
causedistress/failureofthebridge
3 4

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

FunctionsofBridgeBearings.... Contd PrimaryFunction&OperatingPrinciplesofBridgeBearings

Allowsrotationbetweensuperstructureandsubstructure Sliding Rolling/Rocking Deforming

Functionsasperdesignrequirements:Itpreventsdisplacements(Fixed Displacements
Bearings), or allow displacements in only one direction (Guided
Bearings),orallowdisplacementsinonlyonedirection(Guided
Bearings)orallowsdisplacementsinalldirections(FreeBearings).
Enablesunrestrainedmovementofthedeck,ensuringthatlargeforces Rotations
arenottransferredtothesubstructureandfoundationduetorestraints
inmovement.
InadditiontoaboveapplicationofBearings,themodern
RecentBridgebearingsarealsodesignedtoactasseismicprotectors, bearingsystem combinestheroutinefunctionofbearing
thatarrestsanddissipateenergyduringearthquakesandotherseismic
activities. 5
withotherfunctions(suchasseismicisolators/LUD)

1
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
PrimaryFunction&OperatingPrinciplesofBridgeBearings Lead Rubber bearings

M
T = 2
K eff
30 % damping
Cost benefit for
loads 5.000kN
displacements 150mm
period demands 2,5s
Period for seismic isolation is
depending on load onto the bearing

ContinuousBridgeswithLockUpDevices Seismic Isolators

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

Lead Rubber Bearings and Steel Hysteretic Dampers (SHD) Curved Surface Slider (Sliding Isolation Pendulum)
Isolator resulting from the
combination of a LRB and
Crescent Moon Steel
Hysteretic Devices

Seismic Isolators
SIP exhibits a recentering characteristics and incorporates the characteristics of a
pendulum to lengthen the natural period of the isolated structure so as to avoid the
strongest earthquake forces. The period of the bearing is selected by choosing the
Seismic Isolators radius of curvature of the concave surface.

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

Curved Surface Slider (Sliding Isolation Pendulum) Isolation and Energy Dissipation
R Combined effect of period shift and damping
T = 2
g period shift

a
[[m/s2]
45 % damping
Large elongation of period not damping
depending on load
High load and rotation capacity
Extended working life ag
Good recentring capacity
Friction is load dependent

Seismic Isolators

2
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

BriefHistoryofBridgeBearings TypesofModernBridgeBearings
1. Until the middle of this 20th century, the bridge bearings used GENERALCATEGORY BEARINGTYPE
consist of following types only : ElastomericBearings PlainElastomericPads
Pin LaminatedElastomericBearings
Roller & Rocker Sliding Bearing Mechanism
SlidingBearingMechanism PTFESliding
PTFE Sliding Material
Metal sliding bearings
AlternativeSlidingMaterials (ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
POLY ETHYLENE).PatentedmaterialslikeMSM,ROBOSlide.
2. Increased demands and improvements in engineering materials,
particularly plastics & elastomers have led to innovative designs HighLoadMultiRotational PotBearings
Bearings DiscBearings
and led to use of following types :
Elastomeric Bearings ....FlexibleBearing SphericalBearings
FabricatedSteelMechanical RockerBearings
High Load Multi Rotational Bearings (Pot, Spherical, Disc) ....RigidBearing Bearings RockercumRollerBearings

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

TypesofModernBridgeBearings Some very important general principles in bearing design :

1. Themostwidelyusedstructuralbearingsarereinforced 1. Bearingsaretobedesignedsuchthattheircomponents
elastomericbearingsandpotbearings(90%). canbeinspected,maintainedandreplacedifnecessary.
Lifti
Liftingofthesuperstructureformaintenance/
f th t t f i t /
2. Sphericalbearingsarethebestsolutionforlarge replacementofBearingsshallbeforeseenindesign.
rotations.
2. Bearingsshallbedesignedtopermitthespecific
3. Elastomeric,potandsphericalbearingscanbefixed, movements&rotationswiththeminimumpossible
guidedorfreedependingondesignrequirements. reactingforce&couple.

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

Some very important general principles in bearing design : ReinforcedElastomericBearings

3. Presettingshallbeavoidedasfaraspossible.This
principlereflectsnegativepastexperiencecausedby
wrong pre setting or installation that cancelled the very
wrongpresettingorinstallationthatcancelledthevery
smalleconomicalsavingthatcouldbeachievedby
reducingthemovementcapacityofthebearings.
4. Fordynamicallystressedstructureslikerailwaybridges
orstructuressubjecttotheearthquake,thehorizontal
forcescannotbetransferredbyfriction.

3
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
ReinforcedElastomericBearings ReinforcedElastomericBearings

Long life span

MERITS DEMERITS
High loading capacity 1.ReinforcingSteelsareenclosedin 1.Defectsarisingfrompoorproductqualitysuchas
Free of wear Elastomer,thereforeprotectedagainst corrodedsteel,inadequatevulcanization,lack of
Small reaction forces corrosion bond between laminate and elastomer poor rubber
bondbetweenlaminateandelastomer,poorrubber
Inspectable during service quality,etc,leadingtosplitting,slippage,bulging
2.LongLifeSpanwithlittleneedfor
Vertical stiffness andcrackingoftherubber.
maintenance
Horizontal play
Horizontal load transfer 3.Suitableforshorttomediumspans(for
loadupto 12MNatULS)
passedingeneral
4.Goodperformanceunderlowto 2.Errorsindimensioning, thatleadstolaminates
failedforsomeapplicationslike
highspeedrailwaybridges moderate seismicactivity beingtooshortandofinsufficientarea.
5.LowCost 3.Problemfromincorrectinstallation,suchasin
gradient

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

ReinforcedElastomericBearings Steel Roller and Rocker Bearings
Long life span
High loading capacity
ThetrendinUSAistoavoidusinganalternativebearing Free of wear
systemwhereaconventionalreinforcedelastomericpadcan Small reaction forces
Inspectable during service
providetherequiredcharacteristicsthroughshear
id h i d h i i h h h These types of bearings are used only
Vertical stiffness
Horizontal play
very seldom in new constructions due to
deformation. Horizontal load transfer the rotation capacity around one axis only
passedingeneral
and to the fact that roller bearings can
Onlywhenthepracticallimitsofelastomericbearingpadsare failedforsomeapplicationslike provide the movement only in the
highspeedrailwaybridges direction perpendicular to the rotation
exceeded,designersshouldconsiderusingPot,Spherical,Disc
axis. However they still exist in a large
orothertypesofBearings. number of old bridges

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

Steel Roller-cum-Rocker and Rocker Bearings Steel Roller Bearings
BrittleFracture

CutRollers

4

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS
BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
PotBearings 1. potbearingsrepresentthe
largestportionofthe
PotBearingscanbeofFixed, bearingsmarketinthe
world.
GuidedandFreeType
2. FirstusedinGermanyin
1958 Suitable for design
1958.Suitablefordesign
loadbetween1MNto50MN
andmore
3. Elastomerinsideasteelpot
isconfined&functionslike
aviscousfluid.
4. Flatbrasssealingringsare
usedtocontainthe
elastomerinsidethepot.
TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS
BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
Composition of a Pot bearing
The most important detail of the pot bearings is the seal, preventing the leakage
of the elastomer through the gap between pot and piston and governing the
durability under repeated rotations.
TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS
BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
Pure, virgin PTFE Polished Stainless Steel Sheets
Special silicon grease
SLIDING
MATERIALIN
BEARINGS
8/12/2016
TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS
BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
(PTFE Sliding) Pot Bearings
Long life span
High loading capacity
Free of wear
Small reaction forces
Inspectable during service
Vertical stiffness
Horizontal play
Horizontal load transfer
passedingeneral
failedforsomeapplications
likehighspeedrailway
bridges
TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS
BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
SLIDINGSURFACEOFBEARINGS :
PurePTFEhasalowcompressivestrengthandahighcoefficientofthermal
expansion.Tomakeitsuitableforuseinbridgebearings,PTFEmustbecombined
withsuitablefillers.Thesefillersaretypicallyglassfiberandbronze.
TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS
BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC
Fixed FreeSliding GuidedSliding
5
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

PotBearings SphericalBearings 1. Thisisaveryrobust
Internalsealfailure=elastomericdiscextrusion:Specialattentionshallbepaid bearingsystemthatis
toveryflexiblestructuresandtolargesizedbearings traditionallyconsideredto
bethemostreliableHLMR
type.
2. Itcanbedesignedto
accommodatelargeloads
(1MNto100MN)and
rotations.
3. Itrequireshighdegreeof
manufacturingquality
control.

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

PTFE Spherical Bearings SphericalBearings
The latest invention & developments in the field of Bridge
Long life span support & protection system "Spherical Bearing" have
High loading capacity
Free
F off wear longer durability, enhanced service & performance life when
Small reaction forces compared with conventional Steel, Elastomeric & even Pot
Inspectable during service
Vertical stiffness
Bearings.
Horizontal play
Horizontal load transfer In Signature Bridge, Wazirabad, Delhi. Spherical Bearings
passedingeneral
has been used with a ULS load capacity of 23,000 MT, these
failedforsomeapplicationslikehighspeedrailwaybridges bridge bearings will be one of the biggest ever manufactured
& used in a bridge structure.

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

SphericalBearings SphericalBearings:
MANUFACTURINGOFBEARINGFORSIGNATUREBRIDGE Advantages:
Multirotational Bearings.Canaccommodatehigherrotations
Relativelyhighverticalloadcapacity
L h i ht
Lowheight
Negligibleverticaldeflectionunderload.

Disadvantages:
Requirehighdegreeofqualitycontrolandcarefulattentionwheninstalling
especiallytoensurenodisassembly.
Sphericalbearing Requiresperiodicmaintenance.
@P19

6
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

SphericalBearings DiscBearings
VARIOUSFORMSOFSPHERICALBEARINGS
Long life span
High loading capacity
1. Forthecurvedsurfaces,
Free of wear
aluminium orchromiumplated
Small reaction forces
mating surfaces are allowed
matingsurfacesareallowed.
Inspectable during service
2. Fortheguidesofslidingguided Vertical stiffness
bearingstheuseofundimpled Horizontal play DiscBearings,introducedin1970,offerslowerprofiles
PTFEorcompositematerials Horizontal load transfer
overothermultirotationalbearingssuchasPot
basedonPTFEareallowed. passedingeneral Bearings.Thisisduetotheuseofanelastomeric
failedforsome
3. Thesematerialsallowa applicationslikehigh
unconfinedpolyurethanedisctoaccommodate
considerablyhigherpressurebut speedrailwaybridges rotationinsteadofaconfinedelastomer,apotanda
havealsoamuchhigherfriction. pistonincaseofPotBearing

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

TypicalDisc
Bearingswith
Pintle Pin,having
Vmax =2000T

GUIDEDSLIDINGDISCBEARING FIXEDDISCBEARING 39 40

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties BSEC

DISCBEARINGS:REASONSFORITSLIMITEDUSEINBRIDGES SELECTIONOFAPPROPRIATEBEARINGTYPEFORAGIVENSITUATION
5. Thechoiceofbearingdependsona
1. Theyhavenotbeenextensivelyusedbecauseofproprietary widevarietyoffactors,including: 17000

statusuntilrecentyears. TypeofStructure(Rail/
Highway,Spanlength) Pot Bearings & Disc Bearings

2. Servicelifeexperienceandfatiguetestingexperienceislimited. Verticalload(max.andmin.) 8000

Max.rotation,
Horizontaldisplacement,
3. Thereisconcernthatrotationalstiffnesscancausehighstresses Environment(Climate,
onslidingsurfaces. Seismicity,Wind), 500

Economics
Structuralarrangements.

7
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC

Outline of Presentation FORSIMPLYSUPORTEDSPANS:

1. BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties
2. PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts
Possible arrangement of Bearing Layouts
3. IntroductiontotheNewsetofLimitStateCodes
4. InstallationRequirementsforBearings
5. TestingandAcceptanceCriteria BEARINGLAYOUTWITHELASTOMERICBEARINGS
43

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC

FORSIMPLYSUPORTEDSPANS: FORSIMPLYSUPORTEDSPANS:

PINBEARING METALLICGUIDEDBEARING

V i lS
VerticalStopperBearingsto
i
takelateralloads

BEARINGLAYOUTWITHELASTOMERICBEARINGSWITHPTFESLIDING BEARINGLAYOUTWITHELASTOMERICBEARINGSWITHPTFESLIDING
SURFACETOTAKEVERTICALLOADS&ASEPARATEMECHANISMTOTAKE SURFACETOTAKEVERTICALLOADS&ASEPARATEELASTICRESTRAINTS
LATERALLOADS TOTAKELATERALLOADS

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC

FORSIMPLYSUPPORTEDSPANS HLMRBEARINGS: FORHLMRBEARINGS:

Braking and acceleration

Brakingandacceleration

PlanViewofSpan
PlanViewofSpan

Structuralbearingsarefixed,guidedormoveableinalldirections Fixityinlongitudinaldirection

8
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC

FORHLMRBEARINGS: FORHLMRBEARINGS:

PlanViewofSpan PlanViewofSpan
Windorotherimpacts

Fixityintransversedirection Structuralbearingsallowmovements severallayoutpatternsarepossible.

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC

FORSIMPLYSUPPORTEDSPANS FORCONTINUOUSSPANS
(WITHHLMRBEARINGS):

Structuralbearingsarefixed,guidedormoveableinalldirections

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC

Guidedinconstantdirectionfromdirection Guidedindirectiontangentialtocurve
GuidedindirectionofExpansion
(linejoiningZMPwiththeguide) ofExpansion

9
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES

PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts BSEC INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC
FORCURVED&SKEWED,CONTINUOUSSPANS Outline of Presentation

(WITHHLMRBEARINGS):

1. BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties
2. PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts
Possible arrangement of Bearing Layouts
3. IntroductiontotheNewsetofLimitStateCodes
4. InstallationRequirementsforBearings
FREEBEARING FREEBEARING

FIXEDBEARING FIXEDBEARING

GUIDEDBEARING

PINBEARING
GUIDEDBEARING

PINBEARING
5. TestingandAcceptanceCriteria
56

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC

EN1337:StructuralBearings
consistsoffollowing11parts:
IRC:83:CodeforBearings: 1. ThiscodesonElastomericBearings&Rocker/Rollerbearings
havebeenrevised.ThenewdesigncodeisbasedonLimit
Part0 GeneralDesignRules StateconceptwithparticularreferencetoUltimateLimitState
Part1 MetallicBearings
g andthisisthefundamentalchangefromearliercode.

Part2 ElastomericBearings 2. CodeofSpherical&Cylinderical Bearingalsointroducedbased

onLimitStateconcept.
Part3 PotcumPTFEBearings
3. ConversionfromWorkingStresstoLimitStatemethodof
Part4 Spherical&Cylindrical
designisapartoftheHarmonizationprocessbeingundertaken
Bearings byIRCtoconvertallthecodesfromWStoLS
57 58

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC

Laminated Elastomeric Bearings
SUBSTANTIVECHANGESINTHECODEFORELASTOMERIC CHANGESINTHECODE:
BEARINGS: a. Scope&Applicability:
o PreviousCoderestrictedtoRectangularLaminatedEBonly.
a. Scope&ApplicabilityofCodebroadened o PresentCodecoversEBwithorwithoutcomplimentary Plain Elastomeric Bearings

b. SizeandShapeParametersofEBmodified b i d i
bearingdevices.ItisapplicabletoLaminatedEB,PlainPad
I i li bl L i d EB Pl i P d
Bearings,SlidingBearingsetc.NewCodepermits
c. NewCriteriaintroducedforTransferofSeismicforcesthroughEB Rectangular,squareaswellasCircularshapedBearings.
o NewCodepermitsholeinsidethebearingtoreducethe
d. ChoiceinMaterialPropertiesforthedesigner Circular Elastomeric Bearings
loadedareawithoutchangingplandimensions.
e. MaximumandMinimumpermissiblestresses&strainsin o Manyotherpossibilitiesofcombiningslidingandfixing
Bearingsamended devicewithelastomerexists,whichwasnevertriedbefore.
59 60

10
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC
ConventionalRectangularLaminatedBearingswithSteelPlatesof
samethickness,completelyburiedinElastomer(TYPEB)
TYPEC :SameasTYPEB,withendlaminatethicker,whichensures
betterloaddistribution,ensuresbetterrotationandavoidspossible
liftingofbearingcornersundershear..
RectangularLaminatedBearingswiththickExternalBandsofSteel
Plates(TYPED)
CircularLaminatedBearingswithSteelPlatescompletelyburiedin
Elastomer.Usefulwhenrotationinbothaxisareofsimilar
magnitude.
Bearingwithcentralholeforrunningspecificmaterialsthrough(cross
baranchor),forfittingdampingmaterialorreducingverticalstiffness
61
IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC
Bearingsfittedwithcorrugatedouterplatesdirectlyvulcanised with
thebearingtoguaranteefrictionalresistancewiththinconnection.
Bearingsfittedwithouterplatesononeside/bothsides,directly
vulcanised withthebearing,tofacilitateconnectionwithsteel
superstructure(TYPEE)
BearingswithslidingInterfaceusingPTFESheets(TYPEH)
Bearingswithrestraintagainsttranslationtosimulatesupport
condition(TYPEI)
AnchoredElastomericBearingsfittedwithOuterPlates,
AnchorPlatesandConnectionDevicesorShearDiscs
62

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC

CHANGESINTHECODE.Contd.: CHANGESINTHECODE.Contd.: Between8mm&20mm
Canbe25mmunder
specialsituation
b. Size: b. Size:
Previous Present
Code Codal
Provisions
Tobedecidedas
perDesign

2.5mmforTop
&Bottom
4mmforSides
Clause5.2.2oftheNewCode

MaximumSize:1200mmx1200mm
63 64

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC

CHANGESINTHECODE.Contd.: CHANGESINTHECODE.Contd.: Codepermits
StructuralDesigner
c. TransferofSeismicForcesthroughEBs: d. WiderChoiceinMaterialProperties: tospecifythedesign
NewCode:ElastomericBearings,initsconventionalformshall materialproperties
generallybeusedtotransmitverticalloads,rotationsandhorizontal asperthe
forcesotherthantheforcesduetoSeismic. q
requirement.
Asaconsequenceofthisrequirement,conventionalnonanchored
elastomericbearingscanrarelybeusedfortakingSeismicForces. Thisisapositive
developmentasit
IncasetheyareusedfortakingSeismicforces,thebearingsshallbe:
opensadialogue
1. SuitablyAnchoredtoSubstructure&Superstructure betweenstructural
2. SuitabledevicesfordislodgementofSuperstructureneedtobe designerandrubber
incorporatedand technologist,which
3. Bearingsshallbetestedforcyclicloadings,forwhichspecialistliterature
washithertoabsent.
shallbereferred.
65 66

11
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC IntroductiontothenewsetofLimitStateCodes BSEC
CHANGESINTHECODE.Contd.: CHANGESINTHECODE.Contd.:
e. MaximumandMinimumaxialcompressivestressinBearing f. MaximumStrains
Previouscode: Previouscode:
Restrictedtheaveragecompressivestressinbearing, Limitsofpermissibletotaldesignstrainwas5.0andmaximum
10Mpa >m >2Mpa shearstrainwas0.7underserviceabilitylimitstate(SLS).

IntheNewCode: NewCode:
Thereisnolimitationforthemaximumpressureonthebearings. Thelimitsoftotalstrainandshearstrainistakenas7.0and1.0
MinimumpressureunderULS,forpermanentloadisrestrictedto3 respectivelyunderultimatelimitstate(ULS).Thepartialsafety
Mpa. factoronactionistakenas1.4.
67 68

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC

Outline of Presentation 1. Inappropriatehandling,storageandinstallationwillhave

anadverseeffectonthebearinglife.
1. BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties
2. PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts
Possible arrangement of Bearing Layouts 2. Thebestbearingintheworldwillnotperform
satisfactorily,ifitisdamagedduringtransportand
3. IntroductiontotheNewsetofLimitStateCodes handlingorifitisnotcorrectlyinstalled.
4. InstallationRequirementsforBearings 3. Thereareseveralexamplesofbridgefailure/distress
5. TestingandAcceptanceCriteria duetoimproperinstallationofBearings.
69 70

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC

Specification,workmanshipandinstallationofthegroutormortarareextremelyimportant
tocontrolshrinkage/expansionandcompressibility,toensurethatvoidsdonotremain
betweenthebearingandthestructure,andtoensuresufficientstrength.

DISTRESSINDELHIMETROLINEAIRPORTLINK
1. ELASTOMERICBEARINGSOFSIZE 300MMX300MMX50
ONRCCPEDESTALSOF500MMX500MMSIZEPROVIDED
2. VIBRATIONSOFRAILWAYTRACKCAUSEDFURTHER
DETERIORATION. CollapsedUltadanga
3. BEARINGSFOUNDLOOSENEDANDDAMAGED. Flyover,
4. ADJOININGCONCRETEFOUNDDISINTEGRATED. Kolkata:March2013
5. SPEEDREDUCTIONANDSHIMMINGUNDERRAILSDIDNOT
HELP.
6. RAILTRAFFICSUSPENDEDJULY2012.
7. INALL216.0BEARINGSRECTIFIED.
71 72

12
 8/12/2016

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC

DERABASSIFLYOVER,PUNJAB
BearingLayoutasper
HANGINGBEARINGSLEEVES!!
ApprovedDrawing

80mBowStringGirderBridge

OrientationofGuide
BearingChanged

BearingLayoutasbuilt GAUNDALIM
atsite BRIDGEATGOA
73 74

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC InstallationRequirementsforBearings BSEC

BEARINGINSTALLATIONFORCASTINSITUDECKS BEARINGINSTALLATIONFORPRECASTGIRDERS

75 76

TECHNICALLECTURESERIES TECHNICALLECTURESERIES INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS

INDIANASSOCIATIONOFSTRUCTURALENGINEERS BSEC Testing&AcceptanceCriteriaforBearings BSEC

Outline of Presentation Theconformityevaluationofthebearingsisverifiedthrough:

1. BridgeBearingTypesandFunctionalProperties 1. TestsonMaterials
2. PossiblearrangementofBearingLayouts
Possible arrangement of Bearing Layouts 2. type
typetests,tobeperformedbeforestartingtheproduction
tests, to be performed before starting the production
oranytimesignificantmodificationtothedesignofthe
3. IntroductiontotheNewsetofLimitStateCodes bearingsareintroduced,
4. InstallationRequirementsforBearings 3. routinetest,tobeperformedduringthemanufactureof
5. TestingandAcceptanceCriteria thebearings.Routinetestsmainlyrefertorowmaterials
77
andcomponents 78

13
 8/12/2016

Testing of Elastomeric Bearings Testing of HLMR Bearings

BSEC BSEC

1. Shorttermbehaviourtests: 1. TestsonRawMaterials:
o OnCastSteel,MildSteel,ForgedSteel,Mating
ShearModulustestforG
Surface,StainlessSteel,Elastomer,PTFE,Boltsand
Shearstrengthtestsforshearbond Nuts.
Compressiontestforstiffness 2. InspectionofFinishedBearings
VisualInspectionforallBearings
2. Longtermbehaviourtests TestingofOnepairofBearings(VerticalLoadTest,
FrictionTestandRotationTest)
CompressionSettest(Creeptest)
2. ProcessInspection
3. EnvironmentalInfluenceTests TestsonWelding
SurfaceHardness
AcceleratedAgeingtest CorrosionProtection
Ozoneresistancetest
79 80

Foranyquery,contact
bsec.ab@gmailBSEC

81

14