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120 f e
FORMULAS n= P
120 ( 60 Hz )
PARA 2 POLOS: n= 2
=3600 RPM
120 ( 60 Hz )
PARA 4 POLOS: n= 4
=1800 RPM
120 ( 60 Hz )
PARA 6 POLOS: n= 6
=1200 RPM
120 ( 60 Hz )
PARA 8 POLOS: n= 8
=900 RPM
|
P bobinas
= P= ( 4 boinas /1 fase ) ( 2 ) =8 POLOS
2 fase
P 8
e = m : e = ( 360 )=4( 360 ) e =1440=4 CICLOS ELECTRICOS
2 2
Pn 8 ( 750 RPM ) 1 1
f e= = =50 Hz T = = =20 mseg .
120 120 f e 50 Hz
Espiras
( total)=2 ( 48 )=96CONDUCTORES
conductores total=2
D
=2 f e =2 ( 50 Hz )=314.1593rad / seg
|
Pn 2(1200 RPM )
f e= = =20 Hz
120 120
1 x 108wb
=B A=50000 mxw (15 ) ( 15 )=11250000 mxw =0.1125wb
2 1mxw
Como est debajo del polo la cara del conductor entonces es la FEM mxima y se
divide entre 2.
e ind =N sin t=N
N e
e indcond =
2
2 ( e indcond ) 2(12v )
e= = =213.3333rad/ seg
N 1(0.1125 wb )
e 213.3333rad / seg
f e= = =33.9530Hz
2 2
Pn
f e=
120
|
n 1000 RPM
f e= = 16.6667 Hz
60 60
Flujo MAX.
=B A
=2000 mxw/ ( 10 ) ( 10 )
2
1 x 108 wb
=200000 mxw =2mwb
1mxw
Si y n se incrementa en 50%
n 1500 RPM
f e= = =25 Hz
60 60
|
5) Una bobina que mide 35.36 cm por 71.12 cm tiene su eje paralelo a un
campo magntico uniforme de 0.124 teslas, la bobina consta de 35 espiras y su
eje de rotacin para por su dimensin ms corta. La bobina gira sobre su propio
eje de modo que se pone perpendicular al campo magntico en 5mseg. Calcular:
P 2
f e= f m = f m =f m
2 2
1 1
f e= = =50 Hz
T m 20 x 103s
|
=2 f e =2 ( 50 Hz )=314.15 rad
seg
[ ]
t=35 espiras ( 0.0312 wb ) sin 314.15 rad ( t ) = 1.092 sin (314.15 t )
seg
B
=N sin
d
e ind =
dt
N 35 espiras ( 0.0312wb )
e prom= = =218.4 V
t 5 x 103 s
e ind =343.05V
E
En posicin vertical al campo magntico el flujo instantneo es el mximo,
entonces:
e ind =0V
|
|
n 1500 RPM
f m= = =25RPS
60 60
1 1
T m= = =40ms
f m 25 RPS
T m 40 ms
t= = =5 ms
8 8
|
72ranuras
paso completo=
4 polos
paso completo=18r / p
18r 180
14r 140
P =140
P 140
K p=sin =sin =0.9397
2 2
|
N Kd
a) 12 ranuras 1 60 1
b) 24 ranuras 2 30 0.9659
c) 48 ranuras 4 15 0.9576
720 e
= =60 e
12ran
3
4 p ( fase)=1
Q 12
n= = ran
PF
2
/
n sin
sin(n /2)
Kd=
24 ranuras
720 e
= =30 e
24 ran
|
3
4 p ( fase)=2
Q 24
n= = ran
PF
2
/
48 ranuras
n sin
sin(n /2)
Kd=
720 e
= =15 e
48 ran
3
4 p ( fase)=4
Q 48
n= = ran
PF
2
/
n sin
sin(n /2)
Kd=
84 ranuras
720 e
= =8.5714 e
84 ran
3
4 p ( fase)=7
Q 84
n= = ran
PF
|
2
/
n sin
sin ( n / 2 )
Kd=
|
A
f m=
2
60
n=60 f m =
2
Pn
f e=
120
54ranuras
Paso completo=
6 polos
Paso completo=9 r
9r 180
7r 140
P 140
K p=sin =sin =0.9396
2 2
|
1080 e
= =20 e
54ran
3
6 p ( fase)=3
Q 54
n= = ran
PF
2
/
n sin
sin ( n / 2 )
Kd=
Paso completo Kp = 1 y Kd = 1
e rms/ =4.44 N f e K p K d
6r 180
5r 150
4320 e
= =30 e
144ran
3
24 p ( fase)=2
Q 144 ran
n= =
PF
|
2
/
n sin
sin ( n / 2 )
Kd=
P 150
K p=sin =sin =0.9659
2 2
e rms/ =4.44 N f e K p K d
144ran 24 180
Paso completo= =24r r
6 polos 16 r 120
P 120
K p=sin =sin =0.8660
2 2
1080 e
= =7.5 e
144ran
3
6 p ( fase)=8
Q 144 ran
n= =
PF
2
/
n sin
sin ( n / 2 )
Kd=
e rms/ =4.44 N f e K p K d
GENERADOR SNCRONO
a) F.P. =1,
Estrella I L=I S3 = 3 V L I L
4600
3( V )=125.5109 A I A=125.5109 A
S3 1000 KVA
I = =
3V L
E A =[ V t cos + I A R A ] + j [ V t sin I A X A ]
EstrellaV L = 3V
V L 4600V
V = = =2655.8112V
3 3
V t =2655.8112V
=cos1 1=41.41
F . P .=0.75
+ =cos1 1=41.41
F . P .=0.75
+ =cos1 0.40=66.42
F . P .=0.40
cos 66.42 =0.40 sin 66.42 =0.9165
V vacioV p . c
R .V = 100
V p .c
3840.6865V 2655.8112V
R .V = 100=44.61
2655.8112V
4820.3579V 2655.8112V
R .V = 100=81.50
2655.8112V
2366.1196 V 2655.8112V
R .V = 100=10.91
2655.8112V
1315.5531V 2655.8112V
R .V = 100=50.46
2655.8112V
|
Pruebas:
Resistencia C.D. O.C. C.C
E. entre lneas 6 Vcd IF = 12.5 Acd IF = 12.5 A
I. lneas 10 Acd E. entre lneas 420 Vca Corriente a valor nominal
V cd 6Vcd
Rcd = = =0.3
2 I cd 2 ( 10 Acd )
R =0.45
VL 420 Vca
EA= = =242.4871Vca
3 3
Estrella I L=I
S 3 = 3V L I L
1100
V )
3(
S 100 KVA
I = 3 =
3 V L
|
I =52.4864 A I A =52.4864 A
E A 242.4871Vca
Z = = =4.62
IA 52.4864 A
V L 1100 V
EstrellaV L = 3V V = = =635.0853V V t =635.0853V
3 3
E A =[ V t cos + I A R A ] + j [ V t sin I A X A ]
A
F . P.=0.8
B
+
F . P.=0.8
Delta V L=V I L = 3 I
V =2300V S3 = 3 V L I L
2300
3( V )=301.2262 A
S3 1200 KVA
I L= =
3V L
IL 301.2262A
I = = =173.913 A
3 3
173.913
1.5( A)=3.8333
E 1000Vca
Z = A =
IA
|
X S= Z 2R 2= 3.83332 0.47252=3.8041
|
C
F . P.=0.8
E A =[ V t cos + I A R A ] + j [ V t sin I A X A ]
Datos de ejercicio
2
Pr= 3 V a I a cos 3 I a Ra
A
2
Pr=6KW 3 ( 8 A ) ( 0.45 )=5913.6W
D
2
Presistiva=3 R a I a
2
P1/ 4=3 ( 0.45 ) ( 1/ 4 52.4864 A ) =232.4381W
Psalida
= 100
Psalida + Pfijas + Pvariables
90 KW
nom= 100=88.34
90 KW +8163.6 W +3719.01W
90 KW (1 /4)
1 /4 = 100=72.82
90KW (1/4 )+ 8163.6W +232.4381W
90KW (1/2)
1 /2= 100=83.19
90 KW (1/2)+8163.6W + 929.7525W
90 KW (3 /4)
1 /4 = 100 1 /4 =86.81
90KW (3 /4)+8163.6W +2091.9431W
F
2
PK =3 I a Ra
|
I amax=
PK
3 Ra
=
8163.6W
3 ( 0.45 )
=77.7632 A
I amax 77.7632 A
F . C= = =1.4816
Ia 52.4864 A
90 KW (1.4816)
max = 100=89.09
90 KW (1.4816)+8163.6W + 8163.6W
Pr= 3 V a I a cos 3 I a2 Ra
PF =V F I F =2 A (120V )=240W
Estrella I L=I S3 = 3 V L I L
250
3( V )
S 10
I = 3 = KVA
3 V L
I =I a =23.094 A
2
P1/ 4=3 ( 0.3 ) ( 1/4 23.094 A ) =30W
F . P=1 = P salida
100
Psalida =S3 P salida + P fijas + P variables
10 KW
nom= 100=89.30
10 KW +717.9438W + 480W
10KW (1/4 )
1 /4 = 100=76.97
10 KW (1/4)+717.9438W +30 W
10 KW (1 /2)
1 /2= 100=85.65
10 KW (1/ 2)+ 717.9438W +120W
10 KW (3 /4)
3 /4 = 100=88.36
10 KW (3/ 4)+ 717.9438W +270W
2
PK =3 I a Ra I amax=
PK
3 Ra
=
717.9438W
3 ( 0.3 )
=28.2439 A
|
I amax 28.2439 A
F . C= = =1.223
Ia 23.094 A
10KW (1.223)
max = 100=89.49
10KW (1.223)+ 717.9438W +717.9438W
|
MOTORES SNCRONOS
15 Hp=11.19 KW
A
=cos1 0.8=36.87
P3 = 3V L I L cos
208
3( V )(0.8)=47.4995 A 36.87
P3 13.69 KW
I L= =
3V L cos
Delta I L = 3 I
IL 47.4995 A
I = = 27.4239 A 36.87
3 3
Em =V t X s I a
Em =[208(41.1359+ j54.8477)]V
Em =(249.1359 j 54.8477)V
Em =255.101912.42 V
30 Hp=22.38 KW
3V Em sin
Pelect =
Xs
Em =255.101923 V
Em =V t X s I a
V tE m
I a=
Xs
(208 0 )V ( 255.101923 )V
I a=
2.5 90
(103.222 105.06 )V
I a=
2.5 90
|
I a=41.2888 15.06 A
Delta I L = 3 I
41.2888 15.06
( A)=71.5143 15.06 A
I L = 3
D
+
F . P.=cos =cos 15.06 =0.96
19)Un motor sncrono en estrella trifsico de 150 KW, 1200 RPM y 460 V tiene
una reactancia sncrona de 0.8 por fase. Si el voltaje interno tiene un valor de
300 V por fase, calcular:
EstrellaV L = 3V
|
Potencia
VL 460Vca
V = = =265.5811Vca
3 3
P=99.5929 KW sin
Torque
9.55(49.7965 KW )
30 =396.2971Nm
1200RPM
9.55(86.25 KW )
60 =686.4063Nm
1200 RPM
9.55(99.5929 KW )
90 =792.5935Nm (c)
1200RPM
9.55( 86.25KW )
120 =686.4063Nm
1200 RPM
20)Un motor trifsico de 600 KW, 4 KV, 180 RPM y 60 Hz tiene una reactancia
inductiva de 1.2 . A plena carga los polos del rotor se desplazan un ngulo
mecnico de 1 con respecto a su posicin original. Si el voltaje interno de lnea a
neutro es de 2.4 KV, calcular:
P 40
= = ( 1 )=20
2 2
Em =2400 20 V
4000V
V t= =2309.4011 0 V
3
P3 =4739.1701 KW
|
21)Un motor sncrono de 480 V, 60 Hz, 4000 HP, F.P 0.8 (+) con 6 polos,
conectado en delta tiene una reactancia sncrona 1.1 . Calcular:
400 HP=298.4 KW
P3 298.4 KW
I L= = =448.6493 36.87 A
3 V L cos 3 480V ( 0.8 )
448.649336.87 A
I =
3
Em =384.0117 36.41 V
120 f e 120(60 HZ )
n= = =1200 RPM
P 6
384.0117
( V )sin 36.41
3( 480V ) =298.386 KW
1.1
3 V E m sin
P= =
Xs
9.55 P 9.55(298.386 KW )
= = =2374.6553 Nm
n 1200 RPM
|
P 6
= = =3
2 2
36.41
= = =12.41
3 6
|
22)Una fbrica consume una carga total de 2000 KW a un F.P = 0.6 (-) con un
voltaje global de 6000 V. Se desea utilizar un capacitor sncrono para elevar el
factor de potencia a la unidad. Suponiendo que el capacitor sncrono tiene
prdidas de 275 KW calcular:
1=cos1 0.6=53.13
Q1=2666.67 KVAR
Qsr =2666.67KVAR
2666.67 KVAR
2=tan1 =84.11
275 KW
+
FP=0.1026
S sr = P sr +Q sr = 275 KW + 2666.67KVAR
S sr =2680.81KVA
P 2000KW
I= =
V cos 1 6000V ( 0.6 )
I =555.56 A
P nueva 2275KW
I= =
V cos nuevo 6000 V (1 )
I =379.17 A
|
|
a) 1
b) 85% en atrs
1=cos1 0.65=49.45
costo=455958.00dolares
B
|
1
2=cos 0.85=31.78
costo=139968.00 dolares
|
P1 2000 KW
A S 1= = =3333.33 KVA
FP 0.6
2 2
Q1= S 21P21= ( 3333.33 KVA ) ( 2000KW )
Q1=2666.66 KVAR ( b)
D
|
P2 2275 KW
S 2= = =2676.47 KVA
FP 0.85
Q 2= S 22P22= ( 2676.47 KVA ) ( 2275KW )
2 2
Q2=1409.91KVAR
2
S sr = P2sr Q2sr = ( 275 KW ) ( 1256.74 KVAR )
2
S sr =1286.48KVA
+
Psr 275 KW
FP sr = = =0.2137
S sr 1286.48KVA
MOTORES DE INDUCCIN (1 Y 3)
Q
n=
PF
Q=54 ranuras
120 f e 120(60 Hz )
n= = =1200 RPM
P 6 polos
S r =1140 RPM
=K t V 2p
K t es constante
1 I arranque 1
2 I arranque 2
Kt = 2
Vp
1 2
2
=
V p1 V 2p 2
V p2 2 120V 2
2 = 1
V p1( )=225lbf ft
208V ( )
=74.88lbf ft
I arranque2 =232.98 A
|
27Un motor tipo jaula de ardilla de 25 Hp, 60 Hz, 440 V, 6 polos tiene un par de
arranque 152 Nm y un par a plena carga de 113 Nm, calcular:
2
=K t V p
K t es constante
Kt =
V 2p
N O
2
=
V pN V 2pO
Em =K f e
K es constante
Em
K =
fe
Em1 Em2
=
f e1 f e2
V pN 2 300V 2
N = O
( )
V pO
=152Nm
( )
440V
=70.66 Nm
B
|
V pN = V 2pO
N
O
= ( 440V )2
113 Nm
152Nm
=379.38V
Em 1 (f e 2) 440V ( 50Hz )
E m 2= = =366.67V
f e1 60 Hz
28La placa de un motor de induccin de cuatro polos, 60 HZ, 37.3 KW, 460 V,
indica que su velocidad con carga nominal es de 1760 RPM. Suponga que el
motor trabaja con carga nominal.
120 f e 120(60 Hz )
n= = =1800 RPM
A P 4 polos
V sr =1800RPM
s=2.22
f 2=s f n=0.0222 ( 60 Hz )
f 2=1.3333Hz
n R 1760RPM
= =0.9778=97.78
nsr 1800RPM
|
29Un motor trifsico de induccin trabaja casi a 900 RPM y a 873 RPM a plena
carga cuando se le suministra corriente de una fuente trifsica de 60 Hz.
120 f e 120 ( 60 Hz )
A P= = =8 polos
n 900 RPM
s=3
S r =S sr ( 1s )=900RPM ( 10.1 )
S r =810RPM
a) La potencia en el entrehierro.
b) La potencia convertida.
c) La potencia a la salida.
d) La eficiencia del motor.
Pent =42.4 KW
PEH =38.6 KW
PCONV =37.9 KW
Psal =37.3 KW
P sal 37.3KW
= 100= 100
Pent 42.4 KW
|
=87.97
2 PCUT 2 ( 800W )
Req = 2
= 2
3 IL 3 ( 16 A )
Req =2.083
3 2 3 2
PENTvacio =Prot + I sc R eq =P ENTvacio I sc Req
B 2 2
3 2
Prot =300W ( 6.5 A ) ( 2.083 )=167.97W
2
2
3 1
C
P
CU
1=
4
(
2 4 A )
16 ( 2.083 )=50W
2
3 1
P
CU
1=
2 2 2 ( )
16 A ( 2.083 ) =200W
|
2
3 3
P
CU
3=
4
(
2 4 A )
16 ( 2.083 )=450W
2
3 5
P
CU
5=
4
(
2 4 )
16 A ( 2.083 )=1250W
Psal 1153.81w
1 = 100= 100
4
P ent 1/ 4( 5487.14W )
1 =84.11
4
P sal 2375.6w
1 = 100= 100
2
Pent 1/ 2(5487.14W )
1 =86.58
2
Psal 3497.38 w
3 = 100= 100
4
P ent 3/ 4 (5487.14W )
3 =84.98
4
Psal 5440.95 w
1 = 100= 100
4
P ent 5/ 4 (5487.14W )
1 =79.32
4
1
Psal1/ 4= ( 5487.14 W ) ( 167.97W +50W )
4
|
1
Psal1/ 2= ( 5487.14W ) ( 167.97W + 200W )
2
3
P 3 = ( 5487.14 W ) ( 167.97W + 450W )
sal
4
4
5
P 5 = ( 5487.14 W ) ( 167.97W +1250W )
sal
4
4
PsalPC =4519.17w
=24.66 Nm
|
32Se aplica una prueba de corriente directa al motor del ejercicio pasado
dando como resultado un 1 entre lneas. Cuando se trabaja a datos domnales
de placa el motor adsorbe 5.5 KW a los 200 V, calcular:
3 3
PCE = I L2 Req = ( 16 A )2 (1.25 )=480W
2 2
120 f e 120(60Hz )
n sr = = =1800RPM
P 4 polos
V sr V R
s= 100
V sr
PDR=4880.55W
PSR=PDRProt
Psal
PC = 100
P ent
|
4712.58W
PC = 100=85.68
5500W
Psal =6.31 Hp
=25.71Nm
KVA
I arranque =
(
Hp )
( Hp )( 1000 )
3(V ent )
I arranquemin=139.74 A
I arranquemax=157.26 A
0.746 KW
Psal =0.83 ( 7.5 Hp )=6.22 Hp ( 1Hp )=4.64 KW
4.64 KW
I pc = =14.32 A
3 ( 220V ) ( 0.85)
I arranquemin 139.74 A
= =9.75 veces
I pc 14.32 A
I arranquemax 157.26 A
= =10.98 veces
I pc 14.32 A
T =|105 C125 C|
T =20 C
( T / 10 C ) ( 20 C /10 C )
R=2 =2
R=4
10 aos
F=
4
F=2.5 aos
E=8
F=8 ( 10 aos )
F=80 aos
|
220V 215V
%Desb= 100=2.33
215V
|
Pa=0.746HpFC
[( ) ( ) ]
100
E1
100
E2
=0.746 ( 75Hp ) ( 0.85 )
[( ) ( )]
100
91.9
100
94.5
Pa=1.42 KW (a)
S=12113.39 $ /ao
Periodo de aos=5.22meses
|
P sal
= 100
Pent
4 Hp ( 0.746 KW / 1Hp )
= 100
3.8KW
=78.52
|
V prom=425.67V
I a + I b + I c 59 A +56 A +57 A
I prom = = =57.33 A
3 3
P prom 39 KW
FP= =
3 ( V prom ) ( I prom ) 3 ( 425.67V ) ( 57.33 A )
FP=0.92
|
B
0.746Hp
pc = 100
3VI FP
0.74650 Hp
pc = 100
3 ( 440V ) ( 63 A ) ( 0.87 )
pc =89.29
Potencia medida pc
FC= 100
Potencia de placa0.746
39 KW ( 0.8929 )
FC= 100
50Hp ( 0.746 )
FC=93.36
P sal
= 100
Pent
=89.29
|
Vpromedio = 438 V; Iprom = 6.6 A; Pmedida = 3.07 KW; horas de operacin = 500 hrs/ao.
0.746Hp
pc = 100
3VI FP
0.74615 Hp
pc = 100
3 ( 440V ) ( 19.5 A ) ( 0.87 )
pc =86.54
Potencia medida pc
FC= 100
Potencia de placa0.746
3.07 KW ( 0.8654 )
FC= 100
15 Hp ( 0.746 )
FC=23.74
P sal
= 100
Pent
|
=86.53
0.2374 ( 0.746 ) ( 15 Hp )
DE=
0.95
DE=2.8 KW
|
P 60W
s =cos1 =cos1 =49.29
V I 23V 4 A
Devanado auxiliar
P 30W
a=cos1 =cos1 =29.59
V I 23V 1.5 A
= sa =49.29 29.59
=19.7
I 23 V =I s+ I a =4 A +1.5 A =5.5 A
I 115 V =27.5 A
|
|
Eficiencia
A I T =I a + I s=4 15 A + 6 40 A
|
I T =9.77 30.03 A
FP=cos (30.03 )
FP=0.86
I a=3.86 A
I s= j3.85 A
= sa =40 15
=25
P sal 746Hp
= 100= 100
Pent V I scos s
7461/ 4 Hp
= 100
110 V6 Acos 40
|
42Un motor monofsico de fase parida de 4 polos, 1/3 Hp, toma 7.2 A de un
suministro de 115 V, 60 Hz con un FP de 75% y trabaja a una velocidad de 1720
RPM cuando trabaja a carga nominal, calcular:
P sal 746Hp
= 100= 100
Pent V IFP
7461 /3 Hp
= 100
110 V7.2 A0.75
=40.04
120 f e 120(60Hz )
n sr = = =1800RPM
P 4 polos
V
I=
Z
119 0 V
I a=
(7.5+ j 4 )
I a=14 28.07 A
119 0 V
I a=
( 4+ j7.5 )
=33.85
I T =26.78 44.99 A
D
|
FP=cos (44.99 )
FP=0.70