Development of a lifelong symbiotic relationship with microbes

begins during birth. The human fetus in utero is usually free of

microorganisms. The infants exposure to vaginal mucosa,
skin, hair, food, and other nonsterile objects quickly results in
the acquisition of a predominantly commensal normal fl ora.
The microbial population stabilizes during the fi rst week or
two of life. Colonization of the newborn varies with respect to
its environment. The newborn acquires external fl ora from
those who provide its care, while internal fl ora are acquired
through its diet. Bifi dobacteria represent more than 90% of the
culturable intestinal bacteria in breast-fed infants, with
Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci in smaller proportions

SKIN

Staphylococcus epidermitis(Coagulase-negative
Staphylococc)Corynebacterium,Propionibacterium acnes,Micrococcus spp.

Staphilococcus aureus fara manifestari de agresivitate.

It should be emphasized that the skin is a mechanically

strong barrier to microbial invasion. Few microorganisms can
penetrate the skin because its outer layer consists of thick,
closely packed cells called keratinocytes. In addition to direct
resistance to penetration, continuous shedding of the outer epithelial
cells removes many of those microorganisms adhering to
the skin surface.

For example, the sweat glands release

lysozyme (muramidase)-hydrolyzing
the (14) glycosidic bond connecting N -acetylmuramic acid
and N -acetylglucosamine
cathelicidins (Latin catharticus, to purge, and
cida, to kill) that help protect against infectious agents by
forming pores in bacterial plasma membranes.

The most prevalent bacterium in the oil glands is the grampositive,

anaerobic, lipophilic rod Propionibacterium acnes. gram pozitiv non
pathogenic din clasa DIFTEROIZILOR
This bacterium usually is harmless; however, it is associated
with the skin disease acne vulgaris

corynebacterii
nas si, potential patogeni
stafilococi aurii si albi, Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Neisseria meningitidis, and
stafilococ epidermitis Haemophilus infl uenzae
GURA
S.Salivarius
S.Sanguis
S.Mutans
Veillonela anaerobi
Prevotella
Neisserii saprofite
Actinomyces

TRACT RESIPIRATOR
SUPERIOR-LA FEL CA LA NAS/GURA
+ Flora de la niv faringelui=Lactobacillus
Spp, Bacteroides spp

Most
microorganisms that invade the oral cavity initially are aerobes
and obligate anaerobes. When the fi rst teeth erupt, anaerobes
( Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium ) become dominant
due to the anoxic nature of the space between the teeth and
gums. As the teeth grow, Streptococcus parasanguis and S.
mutans attach to their enamel surfaces;