StatutOry Claim in aeeord with IRS MANUAL 21.7.13.3.2.2(2)/1707 Cestui OueVia Trust Act '. .

I, LEONORA ABENA SALA NTWEA, Now Known as Ma'at Kare Mut El clo Indigenous, Autochthonous
Flesh' and Blood Melaninite Female of Tunica -Washitaw Descent, Claim in Accord with: the United Nations
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples(http://vv'Volw.un.orgIDocs/joumal/asp/ws.asp?m=NRES/661142).(http://\:vvvw.un.org/esalsocdev/unp:fiVd
pcuments/DRIPS en.pdf), Constitution of the :At-sik-Hata :Nation of :Yamassee-Moors
(bttp:/l\vww.scribd.comldoc/59:?69375/YConsitutiQn). Presidential Proclamation 7500; HJR-194
(h1jp:llvv,,\\<w.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-l1Ohres194ihlpdftBILLS-l1 Ohres194ih.pdt), S.Con Res. 26
(http://\.v\V\v.gpo.gov!fdsys/pk~BILL.s..:l11sconres26rfbfndfiBILLS-l11 sconres26rth.nd1), HJR-3, American
Declaration on the Rights ofIndigenous Peoples (http;i!cdn7.iitc.org!\\;pcontentlup!oads/Aq07150E06 web.pdf
),2 Stat. 153 Title 8 USC 876, IRS Mission Statement: (http://w'\vw.irs.gov/bub/irs-news/ir-98-59.pdf), that I
am not a decedent (IRS MANUAL 21.7.13.3.2.2). I am alive and not dead (1540 Cestui Que Via Trust Act,
1666 Cestui Que Via Trust Act, 1707 Cestui Que Via trust Act (http://\\!\\'w.legislation.gov.ukj~pf!b/ Ann/6172).
I want the record held in your computer database which may list me as deceased to be changed to alive/living,
According to IRS MANUAL 27.7.13.3.2.2: An infant is the decedent of an estate or grantor, owner or trustor of
a trust. guardianship, receivership or custodianship that has yet to receive an SSN:
(http:lh\l\\'w.irs.gov/irm/part21/ilf11 ? 1-007- ()1J,Lhtml). Declaration of assumptive death is a fiction: G.R. No.
160258 Republic of The Phillipines vs. Gloria Bermudez-Lorino:
(http://ca.iudiciarv.Q:ov.ph/in~x.php?actio:i'f'.::.mnuactual cQ!1tents&ap~:oi701OO&p~"5'). I have a SSN, so by the
IRS MANUAL: 21.7.13.322 I am.not a decedent: (Blacks Law Dictionary page 435: decedent n.A dead
person, esp. one who has recently died). I am no longer and cannot be held liable for: a) Maritime liens being
forced against herlhim and b) securities being taken out of the estate. All Maritime Liens being enforced
against me I hereby claim invalid, null & void, ab initio - nunc pro tunc. See: Liber Code Article 3, 31, 38:
(http://avalon.law.vale.edu!19th centuIy/lieber.asp) and Art 45,46 & 55 of The Hague Convention IV October
18th 1907 Qill"p~!vvW\v.icrc~or~ihl.nstIF~lJ.JLt~. I am the infant who does have a Social Security Number,
which makes me the beneficiary of this trust. The Social Security Number and the name vests within me: an
Indigenous Autochthonous Living Melaninite Female of Tunica -Washitaw Descent. Being that the IRS works
in Admiralty, the IRS according to its own code, can no longer enforce any Maritime Liens against me, as I
have now claimed: I am not lost at sea, nor am I a decedent/vessel in commerce (1707 Cestui Que Vie Trost
Act, U.K.).
JURAT
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
ttO://\\1 N'W.un.ora/Docsrournal/asp/ws.asp?m""f..JRESJ661l42J, American Declaration on the Rights of
Indigent us Peoples Qmp'://cdn7.jit~~m:Jw-p-content/uploads/AGQ7150E06 web,ngf), UN Convention on
Econo c, Social & Cultural Rights, United Nations Charter: Article 55 & 56, Presidential Proclamation 7500,
H.J.R.1 4, S. Con. Res 26. S. 1200, HJR-3(HJ 3 ill).

to and subscribed before me this .d" day of g~c. I. Z6t6. (J ll17

My Commission Expires
r:;:;;:-------~~_
OFFICIAL SEAt
~ORE~rMCDAJllEL
NOTAI'!,Y.103tJ4281-i'
'. STATE.OF U)WSlifNA'
. Pf,'.RrSH U~~E~S'F:FW!:IANA
.. M~ C~ml!iSIO? ...lstQr Life

I.

I
 ENDER: COMPLETE THIS SECTION ..
A. Signature

I Complete items 1, 2. and 3.
ClAgent
I Print your name and address on the reverse
so that we can return the card to you.
x o Addressee
Attach this card to the back of the mailpiece, C. Date of Delivery
or on the front If space permits.

3. Service Type - iEority Man Express@

o Adult Signature Registered MalfTM
11111111111111111I11I1111111111111111111111111 o Adult SignatUre Restricted DeUvmy RealsteredMall Restricted
o CertIfied MaII DeIlvmy'
9590 9402 2634 6336 5531 38 o Certifled Mail ResIJICtedDeIiVeIy 0 Return Receipt for
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RE 334 5'92' 190 us o SignatureConfirmation
Restricted.Delivery

'8 Form 3811, July 2015 PSN7530-02-0009053 Do~estic Retum Receipt '
 NEW IRS MISSION STATEMENT EMPHASIZES TAXPAYER SERVICE

WASHINGTON - The Internal Revenue Service on Thursday unveiled an

overhauled mission statemenllo reflect the agency's new emphasJs on serving

taxpayers,.

The new statement is simple and direct. The :IRS mission is to 'Provide America's

taxpayers top qualrty service by hefping them understand and meet their tax

responsibilities and by app~y'n9 the tax cawwith integrity and fairness to an."

The new lan9u~e represents the new directton for the IRS, which is working to

transform itself rnto a customer~ori.ent~dorgf)ni&"4tiOn. Tile mission also reinforces the

agency's duty to administer the tax laws fairiy for everyone.

"This m(ssion statement reflects the new attitude althe IRS," eaid Charles O.

RO$$otti. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. "Our top priority is putting, the interests of

tha taxpayers first. and,this is spelled out simply 000 elcarly in the mission statement."

The pledge will serve as a daUy reminder to people both insk1e and outside the

iRS about the agency's TTliss~on. The 27-wotd statement will be prominently featured on

1998 tax pubtications, at IRSofficss around the count,y and on the aOMcv'g ~~itQ.

(more)

"Words atQne aren't going to change the ~RS. but this serves an important
purpose I" Rossott. said. "The rnlsslon statement wiU be a reminder that we must be

dedicated on a day-in, day-out basis to serving taxpayers. This is just one of the steps

that we need to take."

The new m1ssion statement was mandated by the IRS Restructuring and Reform

Act approved by Congress and signed July 22 by President Clinton. The legislation

required: the IRS lito review and restate its mission to place a g.reater emphasis on

seMng the pub"c and meeting taxpayers' needs,"

The ~RScirculated drafts ,of a new mission statement in Jul,y and August. The

document was finalized after receiving comments from a variety of sources, ranging

from public feedback on the agenc1s Internet s~te to suggestions from tax profes.sionaJs

and IR.S employees.

The fina'! mission statement underscores the agency's efforts to help Individuat&

while ensuring that all taxpayers are served the by agency's commitment to apply the

law fairly to all.

xxx

[Note to editors: The new mlsston statement replaces an older version dating to the
1980s. The previous statement saidi. "The purpose ot the Intemal Revenue Service is to
collect the proper amount of tal)( revenue at the least cost serve ttle public by
continually improving the quaHty of our products and services; and perform in a manner
warranting the highest degree of public confidence in our integrity, efficiency and
fairness."]
SOClALSECURITY(IJNITED STATES 01.:' AMERICA) ORDER L99"

J.997 No. 1778

SOCIAL SECURITY

The Social Security (United States of America)

Order 1997

221rdJu.{llI997

11,( September /997

,'" Ibe Cour1a1 B~jkil:'Jgh~rti PaJm:~.die 2:md d.'l.)" of Ju~y 1991

Presml.
TIle Quct:o"s MQt;t Ext;C-lIr:nt M~jetltr ~JiCouncj]'

WbetOM all:)f)dOif '0[1 lhe 1j1l~ 1~~!)fWal)'1984 an Agreemenr OJ}social security be-tween
.lIe Ooveromt,:<Ju of talC United Kingdom {If Greet 13rit:tin omd NQrtn(lnJ II"<:I~nd ;!n')Q th.
Govemmem of'tbe Ul,itcd Stales of America (bcrciollft.cr referred to as the Agr~mellt")
and an Admmismuivc Agreement forme ifTlpJermmtJwcm of the Agreement (hereinafter
referred to as "the:: IuJ:minLstr.Jl!\'C AB~t'!IlII:nl")(II) w-ere signed on behalf of those
Governments Wldeffect wa~ given to (be Agreement by Ibe Social Security (United
States (If America) Ol'rler ]9&<~(hereillafier referred to as "she Principa] Ordcr":H:b):

Alld Whereas at London on 6th June 1996 II SuwLeml:lltllTy Agreement between (he
Government of Ihc United Kin~om (If Gf12t Britain and Northern Ire\.cmd and Ute
Gevernment of rhe United Sml~ of America ('wbi~b Supplem~rJ.ary AgN~I)\~lnis ~ out
f:ri Schedule I to this Order and is bcrninafieT ref~d to as "'tbe Supp}c;mr:::utary
Agreement") l1lI1cEldiw,:;; the Agreement and II Supplt.'tIlcmiary Admini!;ltrati\'c Agreement
amending t~ Adlninistrmi't'e Agreement (which Suppll."mcl1aI) AdmiOl:5-ffi!eivc
Agreemc-ID is set out in Schedule. 2 to tl't9 Older and is hC;fj'(~na1Wrrefem.'d to as "the
Supplc;mcntll1)' Adllljnistrat~,,-e Agree.tllen.l")(C:) ~'ere Sjglh;~d on behalf of lllO:Se
Governments;
And V.l1iete;li;i b)' ArticLe 3 C} tile SuppJemenliSry Agn:('~nl it i~ pruvided mat the
SUpplementsry Agret.'ffIetlt shall (mt(!f into fQf\:c 011 thE! first da)' of the third month
foUowinG, Ibe monlh in which each GO"'ett:imel'l[ has received f.mrn the odJer Government
wrillen ootiffC<.'l[101i IIlal all 'Stat.ufury iIId constitutional requieements have been complied
with fOf'eou}' into tOI:CC oftbe Supplemental}' ~\greatlent:

And Wbereas by Article 2 of the Supplementlll'Y AdminiJluari\le Agreement it ;9

provide\! that d~e Suppl'ememal)' t\wninbitilti:ve ."y~llletll shall enwt into force ()tl tbe
dille of Clllry into fot'~ of me Sopplemenlill)1 Agreement:
And W1~JI!a.'l written [1IJCifi~atitm in QCf.:Qf'dalJCC!' wi_h i\rticlc J of 11Ie: SupplcJD~Il.l:ID)'
AE-cment was r,ecei\',oo" bY. each Government on 20th June 1997 an,d uccordingly the
S pJcmcnt.IU'J' AglCt;nl~llt and me Supplemental)' AdInini$tr3ti'f'e .:\gr~mlem "ntet into
f; on thu: Ist September ]997:

(lI} Cam&. ~3,

(b) &./. 19IW!8L'i ..
("J em 33it,flu i~ botIl Che SU1lplem.etl~' .A~Cflt !I'XIlhc SuIl~"rtlm'I~
drmll~ft[iYc A~l
 SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITEU STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER
1997
Supplement No. 44( Jul)r 98 j
Sll991/1178

Art.. 1-3 & SclJ. 1

And WIlI7t:',jI..'> by sectam ]79{lXa) and (1) of Ihe Social

Security Adfl'lin1str.ttit)n Act 1992{a} i1 is (,mvided tfliU He1"
M:,J(.<Sty may by Ordet ill COtbiCiI make provlslofi i'i:.r
rnooii)'lng or adapting mal Act !md the Social S~w+ly
ContrIDIiltt.oOS, and Benefits Act 1992(b) in theiif appH~liQfl 10
cases ilm':cled b); '~1r,eJI"'~ whh ether O{werrl1fietHs,
providing for reciproc5ty in mililters sped6ed in the said
section;

NOt'. lherefore. Her M~les~'.io pnrsuance ohcctiol'l 119(1)

(a) and (2) of" the Social Sel:.urir}' Admm~fn'Jt[{lo Aet ] 992 mtd
of an ower pow(!rs cllablm~ Her in wat bchali~ is pleased, by
Jlnd t,l,rjtb fb(! ad'!o'ice of Her Priw Council. to md~, aJld ,il js
h~by (ll:'detL"d, ;~ t<;Ufiw:;.:

C'itBCioo Ilno ~ommenrcmmt

$. ThtS OI'de.! f11(!Ybe oiled 3,'" the Sooia~ S~~lIri~ (U_~I.ed
States of A.mmt<l) Order 39'91 and sbaU come ililto f4)[(e 4)1
Ist September 199'7,

Modifiraliol1 I):f 'h~ Soda~ Security Administration Ad

1992 aDd tin: Social Security CODtribufioD!land Bcndib
Ad t9~21tDei IlIleldmelt or
tile Prkldpal Order
Z. The Sooeial Secwily AdmiEljsu-.woo Act 1992 and 1iI.c
.'ooclal Seetlnt')' Contribetiona IlDII Bendil5 Ad 1992 shall be
{Ilodified Md the Priodpi'll Order sltaJl be amended 50 as (0
gi -e eflct:t to Ole Agreement as modified bj' IRe
SlIpplc:melillary Agreement sct out in ~bcdmlc 1 to this Order"
and to the Admioiii;llative Agreement 3$ modified b)' (fIll!
Supplemental), .t\(i,nintstrati't'e A~ll;mt .se. Qut .ill !kJledule
2 10 this Order. so fur <is the same :rel2l.le to England. WaftlS il'J'Id
SClQtlnnd,

AmcndIDCD' &fOrckr
J. The fCfcr-cQCC to lh~ Social See_ltit}' (lJuit.ed SCates of
A~rica) Order 1.934 sb(dl ~ oftllued f" :tit!: Seh.eduJe. co. the
Social S<:l.Iri1}' {Reciptoc;d A,grea:rnt:nlS) OJ'Ut:J: 1~S8() ,lnd ill
Sdioedut<:s, 2 and 3 to 1he> SOclO!t Seocudty (Rc:ciprocal
A~'>CmOnts) Order ti9<r.i( d).

lt/.H. Nicholls
Cleft oHhe Privy Cooncil

SCHHDULE I

SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT A.. F\1ENDING THE

AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL SECURiTY BETWEEN
, HE GOVERNMf;Nl OF THE UN1TED KJNGOOM OF
(jR'EA l' Dftll'ALN A U }i.!()lt'l'HERN I..R.E.lAND ANO THE
GOVERNMENT Of THE UNTIED STA rts Of AMERICA

n.2 Supplement No. 44 [July 98]

 Sfl997/I778
The Govemmenr of dte Unjred Kingdoll\ of Great Brim]fI
und Northern I.rc:lilnd tmd tbr: Gl~~t (If tlte (Jnr~d S.;l~S
of lUnerit:a~
Having considered the AgreelnellT ou Social SecuJ'it)' which
WItS si;gned on thcir behalf 111 London UJ) Btb 1;'ebruilJ'}' 19~
(hereinafter rdM'e<1 to as. '1!J~Agreenlenl")~
Ha"'ing recognised the lJet:d to revise certain
pr(lvision~ of the AgroomelJ(~ Hs'.,.c ~ lES
lOUows:

ArtiCle 1

I. Arti:cJe t of the, "gruem~l1\t !ltJall, be" revised ;8.s follows:

{a;'1 N<)l c.5.

.b~ 19'J2c.~.
(C:I S.t 1'},~/:'i91
~d> s.r 1995/'161.
SOCIA L SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF A.MERlCA} ORDER 1991'

(a) PlWgI:"@pll 1 sball be revised 4.0 read as. follows:

L "Tc:nitOly1> means, as rcgard!j the: United States, the
~Ulles. Ille OlsttR:m of Co[ulubia. the COmrimnlW4!.illllb of
Puerto Rico, the tJEI'ited States. Virgin Islands. GUilm.
American Samoa and the Commonweehh of dle
Northern Mariana Lstands. and as re&;.mls the Unired
Kingdom, Elflgl8lld, ScoU!uld, W;8I~. NQril~rll lttdantl
and alsolhe I~Jc Qf M~, the J.Slood of Jif;~, ~nd the;
I!!]mlds of (memg!!)" Aldet1le~. H~tm und J~~I.b\m; (If1(I
references to tile U()tllfe(j Klogdom'ri or tQ "'lenilory-" in
rela,tjo,1l'0 Ibe U~iled Kingdom sbaHincludc the isle or
MIlD, the Island of JCJ5CY, and the bl1tnd..of (hJl'fnsey,
AJdelmy, H~.rm31ld Je<dwll where appropriate;".
(b) P<trngrdpb J shall be revised to reed as follo ...
s:
~ 3. 'Compctt.'nt Al;dhorj~"'> means, as regards the
UBEled Smt~, me Comml~SI(li-ier of S~~ial S~Ur1t).
and as regards Ihe lInited. Kingdom, ~he Department of
Social Security lor G:reat Britain. iIle Department of
Ile"'di omd 8QcinJ Se .jt;es for Non:bem. ITldaud, lbe
Depanmeru of Healrh and Soc.iaf Sec.urity ofdu: Isle or
MilIl. Ihe Employment and Social Security Committee
of the Smtes of the Island of Jc~' O!' iIM! QUelll:1(!Y
Social ~eurity Autboril}' as Uk' ease may reqnlre:".
(c) Paragraph 1 slJaJl be revised to read as tQllo-ws:
7. As rc:g<uds the United Kingdom:
(a) "'jJlStirntlCe period" 1lat'.fmS, <l coo.trlbucioo
period or il:Dequivalent. period;
(b) "'oontributi<m period" means, 3 period in
r~)eCf of whit;;b contributions ilppropriilte
co the bem:ii! in ques~illl'lare pa}'ltble, hilvc
b<!en J)lJid Q(' rre:.,~ as paid:
(c) "cquAaleorperiod" n~():;" a period for
which ~(Mktribt.\dO(l:S jlp]lJ'Opriute to the
OOl'lef'iE In questlC)in have been e:redlled;.

Sunplement I O. 44 IJulv 981 133

 SOC]'''L SECtJRfTY( .NI1'D STATES OF AMERlCA)OROER
1997
(d) "'sun'h'or'!> benefit" means, widow's
aIlD\v.anoo, wido\.,.'!> p.aymelill, widowed
~llOOI#F'!5 ~n~.wiJiI"'Jea.l.dwid.(lv.'~ ~t;!l'1si.;m:
(,c:) "child's s.un,rl\'Of' beoefit'" means.
SWIfaian's atlowanee ood ~bikl'~ !lpeci.a..l
allo\Nafi~:
(t) "laws on coverage" means,
lhe laws and Fegtdiltioos relfltiog to Ihe imposition of
liability for dte payment of social security conmbunons:
(g) "quiJ~ir}'itl~ periOd''' (ur inV-.itidil}' benelil
means,
m a I>I!tlol1of iIICllJ,.13C:it)' {if 364 d3}',s "nder ~be I~wsof
Greaf [lrilili'll; N..,lIdtcmln:Jand or the bic ot'Mim, Of
(ii) a perlod of itlc.'l.poci>' 4)f 364 days Inkier the laws of
JeIlic}'. or
(Hi) a period of incapar.ity of 156 days, excluding
Sundays, under the laws nf<IJ,J.(!f1t."e'j';
(b) "first oontributiQll conditiQD" means,
(i') under the laws of Great Brilaill. N<Jrthcm
Ireland or me Isfe of Man, that a person has
paid at least 52 Crass f or Cia.s.~ IE
C~)].Iri~"IU. .al it.lty ri;n~ ~fore 6 A~lti'
191$, or ba:s paid. in one amtriootioJi year,
Class I or Class II. cootribtllioflS producing
an earnings factor of at J~.'\t :SOtimes dlat:
year's lower ~mings linlit in a UIX year
beginning on or after 6 April ~975, or
under tbe Jaw'S or Jersey, tba, a person bas
paid contributions prior to the cndof the
.rckV<lDt quarter and the annaal contriberioa
fiJ~or derived from th<:se wn'tribullollS is
not [~S tban 0,25. or
Oii) WIder the laws or
Guernsey, that 8 person
has .p;!iiA;at tca'!t 46 r~d(:OJ~I(!~(Jtlcri"lnit)n$
~ime 4 Jalllto'U'}' t965 or die dale of: fills elli:ry
IRlo die Guemsey s.cmcane;
(I' "secondcoruributien conditi'On" means,
81 t997/t778

Seb.l

{i) under the Jf1W5 of Great Britain. Northern l:rc:land or the: Isle of fo;ta.n,
lhat apcrson bas either psidoe been credited \'lith Class I or Clasa n
cOlllributHlnS producing an earnlngs factor of at least 50 times: ffle'
30\1,'(1'" earnings limj@ in eitCb, of Ihe -last 2 complete ooDlribur[>OD }'LWS
befcne lite refevaJlJ bendir year. or
(iir) under' the laws of JCI'S(Y. mat a person has paid er been credited
widlcontrio.Ltions ill teSj)el of dl,e re!e\'lml qUill'1er and the (twJttai}'
contribution factor derived from t:M~ c4lntn'butioD~is t .00. or
nH) under the laws of Guernsey. that a person has paid or bCiCn credited
wt.h allt!.m 2.6 r~kooable corerfbutions in the rc'evant contribution
year; (j)B "'qualitY'jog year' means,
(1) at I~ 50 weeks of ,insuranc.efor periods
l~fof'e' Q /\prB 19'1.$, or lhmJJw pt=nion 0115

f13Ceived. 01' btlllro treated as I~"lnt received.

t:llImings of'1It [east 52 limes tile IOWi.T earnings
limit tfl a tax year: after 5 Apri:l 1978 IlIndef dle-
 SI 199711778
Jaws of Ureai Britain. Northern IreJrmd und the
Isle>of M:8'l, or
(ii) an mllUlll contribution facroT of 1.00 under tile
laws of J't1r.s:ey, or
(W) 50 weeks under the- ta,..vs (1fGuerose,'~
(k) a "rcckonabte means a tax year between 6 April 1975 and 5
~'CIlT"
Apr;1 1973 d!!lrirlg whieh oontriOOtiODS have been (laid Qfl earnings
received (or treated IlS n~h'oo) ofu,t Jells.! 50,jmcs tIN:loww- eo.umio!;'$
limit tor that year,
(1, "prescri~d Ilerwd" moans, in !'elation to Jersey and GUCJ1I5CY, the
period cm:mnencing on the same date under the I'aw:i: of 1~' or
Gue/f~, as the C-lW! may be, 115 the relevantperiod for ~bepurpoSl..~
i)f old i1~ pensIon alld eu.;Jlng 00 31 .1A~QmbC:Inext preocd:ing me date
on which tmlti.lernent to inV9l~jr>' beGI:fil first arose;
(m) "sickness benefit" mesas,
m 5borHetJJl incapacity benefit at the lower. tUgilt::r or (ong-ten'll rate
payetbJeuJl(fer the. k1,!;isliltiorlof Grear Brltaln. Nor1lui:m trt~ood or
the Ish: of Man, or
(ii) sickness beneflt pa)'a,bf.e under tbe le~isWJcm of Jersey or
Gllcmscy;(n) "mvalidity benet it"" means,
(UIQIig.,er.m itl~3pocilY benetK aJdIli(}Jlal petlsl()i}. lnvaJidlw Ilno...,~nc~
.,nd.inocapll~it), age addttion payable under ~ lCgist.l1doll of Greil!
Britain, Northern Ireland or die IsJe of Man. m-
OJ) inYil:1idity bcnel;lt p.aYilble under lhe: legisiat:lon of Jersey or
Guernsey,",

:1-11l pllJ1!graph Ifll)(ii) of Article:::: of the Agreement, '-1954" snan be

repfaee<l ~""198t.i,
3. POfragraph E(b) of Anit::le :.2 of me Agreement shell be- N\'~ tJCI read
as rulJo",.!i:
(b) /1,5 regards. the United K-ingdQ1h.
(0 Jne Social Sec:1U1l}' Admin.is~rn~ioo Act 1991, ttti! Soe_llli ~el!fi~'
Cootri1:ntCi(l(l~IJ1d IlI:J}>C"fi1:~ A~t 19'12, the SC.H;s,,1 Securil)'
(Conseql,le1lti31 Provisions) A.c.
1992 and the Socia) SOCUfny (EDcapacily fer
Wqtj!:) A,C"j 1994;
(ii) fhe
&I(;ia[ S~lJrjt}' Adminisu"ation (N'urtOOf.l !!eland) her 1992. llle
S(I~iaJSe\;uriL)' CQntributitm:; and Ikn<:lits (Northern ireland) A(;t
]992, tOO Soc.ial SetUlrity (C()n..Ciel.'l;{Jeflti~1 P1rQ\'isiQns) (Nonhem
Ireland) Act 1"192 atld the Soeial ~curi~ HncaflaC;llY ft.)r Wom}
(Northern Ireland) Order 1994;
(Hi.) the Social Sec..urity AdministmrioD Act 19~2, !he SocinJ Serurit}'
COOIlibuUoos and B~1)\!ftts Act .1992, It)e Social Security
(Censequeutial Pro\'i~;lt(I$) Act 9c)2 ~I.d tlN;!; Social SeC"ill it)'
(Iocal'.acit)' f(lf' Work} Act 199-4 (Acts of Parliatl\ent) /IS thO$ Acts
app!~rto Ule Isle of M.an b)' vit1l.1e (If
()tders made. (III' ~~\ringeffect 3S jf made, under
Ithe Social Security Act ]9,82 (an A\!:t of
Tynweld):
(M the Social Security VeTS!!)'} Law, 197'1-
(v) the Socjal Insurancc (Gnemscy) Law, 1978;

i"l~ -
"I
 socrxt. SECURITY (UNITED STATI::S OF AMERICA) ORDER 997

Wid 'tl.e Jaws wfrich "''tR:- or com.olidatc:d. by those Acts. Uiws or Orders
rcp<:iJlecl; (If ~ldt:d
0)' I':cgisJation c.oo!lolidBt~d by diem,".

4. ln Pilriigrnpft :2 of Article'" (If Ihe Agt~m~lJt, lite wotd '''oormaU~''' s.ball be ;i!dded immedill1ely
before the \\'onh "'~nployed by".
5. Arth..~Ie:"
pj)ragr~po13 M dle Agtetmeln sball be nw~A to rcad M fQloW'S:
3. A person who is CO\O'eJ'~ wrdeoT the laws on co.erag1! of either Party with respect
to retfRernpCo)'ttnmf :5baH be S.libjOCI only to the !.:a\.s on eoverage or the Party in
whose Ic:rri.tory he: ordinarily ll.'Sidcs ..",

6. r'\r1ic.f~ 7 purlRgroilptJ 2 of' iliCI\giT\'CmO:Dl \llmll be revilil:d ['IJ read i~ ft~H(tw.s; " Z. StlbJ~Cf 1.0.111:'
provisions of pnrugrapb J of lh3S Articl.e and ttlc: prOViSWl:1li, of Atti~le 14, a person wbo would bt!!
emitcd to reeoi e an old age pension, a retir~mcml pens ton. 15 SiUCVjVor'S, benent or ill!v.nJidjry
ocn!.'!fisundtN' [h"e laws (pI' tho United Kingdom if be were io lhc \Jnited Kingdom sbllIlbc entitled
It) receive ~hat ~,~si(,ner be.tefit wpHe he Ofdinarily resides ill tfu: territory of the lIniG.cd S~atcs.
as iflit! were ill 1J~ lJnih:d. K iugd()Ul:'.
7. Artkl'c I J paragraph 3 of:thc Agreement shilll be: revised to read <1$foUows;
3. \"'here the perleds of coverage oornple1~d by a person under tbe I;lWS of:
(i} eilhcr Great Britain. Nmthcm frcle:nd or lbe Isle of Man lJ1lOunt10 less
tbanone rcck<mablc year, or, as dw. case may be. qualH}1ng year, 01'
t'~];~l~Oldy to periods belUt!: 6AP('~ I q.7~asd io ~~~e aJU'OUl'Il to
less dian 50weeks. oc
I
(it) Jersey amoulJl to le!.l!l1han aa 1IiJl1lualconmbeuon factor of] .06, or
(iu} GIJeTTiSC!)'amount [0 Iess than SO week.s..,tho:le periods $haU be
!J8t!Jcg<IIkd .jl~ .ftbr::) bJ)llllU been completed mtdt:r till!! lo:!'IIf::i (trooY p;q-l
or the territmy of dIe: United Kingdom UDder which a pension is
payabBe or ,",ouid be payabJc if the periods wen: llglUegatoo, or, 'ere.
two Sl.Ql;hpensions 1m: 0(' would be pilyable, under the lim~ of tblft part
\I;bien. at the date on whim el'ltitlement flJ'St l\TOse Of arises, is J)3.yin:lt
()r W(II,lld pay 1hf: !r~w'T;1m(t1Jnt. Wb~re Hilt! ~~t~ Qt' the p~riQ~
of W\'er-dge i-s less cham oilt!! quaUr,'ltlg y~r 01' rt:l-1i:oBl5b&e )-.:at', this.
Article and Article '9 sbnJll10t apply.",
8. _'\1'1:1<:1:14(}ft\ll.: Agrel."1Il.<:"4. :;baU ~ f1:!"iJ;~ to n:lId IX'>14..1IL:O'W'!S>:
l, The provisiOEili 4)f pur.agmpbs 2 te 5 of this Article shaH apply to claims tor invulidlly
bcoo:t1t under the. Iaws .of (}reat flri.a~"" Nortfl~t"il lreland or the bile ofMaf).
2. t\ person who has :;1t1j~rted the firsl t.()nlrlblili(1lJ c-(Jndi1ioo for skk.:ness benc(ll
as defined in Article I usinl!, contributions under the: la.Vr'S of" Greut Britain.
Northem Ireland or the J~fc of
Moan 001\., whO' iq io tile territo .... r of ftte Hnitc:d.

STales ilnd is oot wbj'1 to the liI:ws O?fI coverage of Gre-ar B~ilain. Northern
J'rol&ld or dJ~ Isle of Man "nder l'\ni<;le5 4, 5 Of' (!I of tIm Agrcetru:nc, studt be
entitled [0 receive itwalidity ~netl1 under the JIIWS of Great Britain. Nortbtrn
Ird.md (It'!~ IsJe of MIIJl provided tiJat:
{a} the second oonLnbulJoo oondition for ylcknt..'!5s ~fit lInoo ,the laws of
thcUnited Kmgdool is satisfied tl..,ing relevant periQds of cov,erage
under dl.e Jaws of dLt! lJioiLc:d Kingdom MId. if neeessary, nb~ United
Stales. and
{b) the peeson is mcapacnascd tor wort and ha. been 50 incapB.Citatod
1br(mgho{lUl1e qU;lUj}'Wg period for in ~]jd it>- benefit, ill wJdell ~
the pcrwl1 s.haUbe 1:n;ll4:ed as if sickness benefit tollowed bJl rn\'~H4~'
benefit. UDder the Jaws: of Oreal Britain, Northern lrel:iln4 or the lsft of
M:nn. bad been paid ibrooghout that period (Jof incapacity.
for [hr:; pUrpose.:! uf !iub-parugruph (11), a person wi II be: cOllSiclered to mlXt the second
. contribution coodition i.f be is credited with ar least 2 qUllJ'tfSrS of COlt~S(: .ltlltj~ tbe
laws of the Uojtc4 Stal;c:$ in each of tIw ~a.st2: c(m"plde C.()ulriblltion .,C3fSbet"Orb Ihl\!
mlevant bMefit year. The reih~\'ItJ~t CQ",P~Ct)1 Alll00ril.y of (jlteai nri~1rt..Noryhl.!m
I

13.6 Supplement No. 44 [Julv 98.1

 51 1991/1778
SOC1AI. SEClJRlTY (UNITED STATES OF MIERlCA) ORDER 1997
treJand tlf' .he Isle of Mao w.i11reallocate an}' quarter of ro,,enJ.!:.'Ccredited to a persoe
under tile la:ws of '\he' Uniied States within a calendar J'C'm' In any other calendar
{luaner within tbal ycotr if it is needed to salisfY the seeoad ~ortiriootioo ((mai(ion in.
a relevant cootribution year, as tong as it has not been used to satisE)' the second
COOfrtbmion lX'IIldjIJOOio atIj' othty ref.evillu i..'UfitrlbutiOll year.
511997/1778

Sdt, 1
The me of the invalidity benefit plJ)'~ble shall be: thlll which woo.Ldbe paid under me-
laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or th~ Isle of .Mim.without the application of
~ftis A!.~me[" unless .;~di~~b.Jlity bl!7lit!rtt "ndcr tl\e lawr; of the lJnj.~~ RtatO.i: jl\, ill
payment, whe.th.er or not under the provisions of th.is Agreemem, in whicb case .he
rm of invaUdit)' benefIt payable shall be determined in accordance with the
pro\'illkt~ of par~ph 3 tJf ~bjJ:;
]\rt i(.:Jt.'!

.3. Taldl1lg account of sub;lilmgrdpbs (a) und (b) of tlth par"cJgfllPh. Ihf: r~J~,'ant Ag.cfJC)'
of Great Britam, NtlIthem freland or tf)e Isle of 'hotan shall ascertain the proportion of
in .aJjdi!}' benefit pro'r'idcd unOCT its taw'S in the sllme ratio as tl1:e total of the periods of
eoverageeompleted under irs laws beers to me t(l~31pc;riods of coveesge compJcted IIDde:r
tIle aa\",sof trodL fJfittie$.
(11) The provi!ljoll5of parngraplts I, 2 and 5 of Article 9 IIDd the provistons of plll1lgrnpbs 4. 6 .and 7 of
Article 1l of this. Agre0mflt shall apply to periods of c(}Ip'mlge credited WIder the law-s of the
L}niredSM~ ~s i.fthe refeJences lnthose Art[(!l~~10 :m'old age ftf"!l"iOAr 8 retirement pcmion of a
pension were retl~J1L.eS to lm'ulidL1y' bi:lildit
(I) for (he purpose of calculating tOO proportion of benefit referred to a,OO\'e,uo ~c~tlnt sh3ll be
taken <If S!\~. period of c(werasc. completed after the day on which a pcr500'S incapacity
commenced,
TIlt' 3mo~'n1 Qr ~[JeOJ c..al.l.IlJ)t~1ill 3(;ool'dllnoe with tbe :000\'", pro v !...ions of tli~
p:arngrnpb shDtl.1be the amoum of invaJOClit)'benefrt actually pa}'ab!e to that person,
4. ""here a person In me =errltory of (Jreal Brftain. NOI1hern J~f<lild (W.
the Isle of Man.or a pcrsoa outside ili'C rerritery of Great Britain, Northern
Ireland or the Isle of Milll wh,.oi~entnled to an in.. ~ljdicv benefit under the
rclcvam 1t"'8~LarioI1 other tflan under parag:raph ~ (tf [/:'tis Anicle, is jf! rCCrlipi
of ilJ"~'idJty benefit under [be Jaws of Great Brilai:tl, Northern Ireland or the.
Isle of M.m OOQ ~Iso is in receipt of a disabilil)' bencfitundcc the taw'S of 1he-
Unitl:d Stares whethet or tlQt .lJlOO lll.e PfQvtstoas ofdljs AJlt~I~lf. me rate
Nort:iiem nr~)tll3d or tile
of im.alN:iitjbeJlefit t:mdef t],t.> ~v.s or l~t Orit.1in.
Isle of Man sb.~n be uet-ennint:d 10 accordance wiLh the prtn'lliion:s of
Plm.gta1S 3 and 5 uf'this Articte,
5. Vlherc. a person to whom IMC provisions of parag.r.ftflh 4 appl)':
(a) WQ.lld h.'1v'e boon t:.IJll11~d f.J..;' ~iveill";'ilJjdif)' ~D.dit under (he laws of Great
Britllin. Northern Ireland or tile boleof Man, without recourse to this
Agreement; ttnd
(b) l:soI:rntiLlc..1 to receive both im'aLidJty Ilenefj, under p;:srngrdp.b J .1Ilt! LIdf.$iJoilit),
beneH.t under the laws of the United States, whe~ or nol. under the: pro .. isil()riii
of tllie; As,reeme-Jlt, and the ~Wll ofthesc two bellcfil:S Is I~!i ~~I'l rhll! a!'!1(1.\!n1of'
invalidity benefit to which the person would l1tl!erwtSe have been entitled ul'lder
tal; the e.Qmpetent <nJJhont)' of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the f.!lic of
Man shaU calculate the difference between t/Je mI1Oj1l11l'i of Oellcl1t ~h~1JJmcd in
aceordanee widl sub-paragraphs {3} and (b), ()n the- dath tbat I!ntitl(!!l!nQ1~f to illvalidjty
benefrt payab-Io \IDdl!fpaca:..;raph J first arose, 3l)d shaJI ,)aY th~t <l1llQUtll it} OOditlon [0 the
ilwaUcfit)' benefit p">'able. The .,ddi1.iooal sum will mn.-un in pil>'ment under the same
wnditIDos as the iIJ\'aHdhy bclnctlt and subject to the equi>.'alent increase.!l in amount, as
:/lfJ'p.r--opl1,tte.
6~ NotwltllS~mg any omer provision or ill S Ag:teemem, i:u',,raUdi(Y bendit siiall be.pa).ttbLe
U1lderfb.e ~Wg of Jersey only in eceordance ~'fim the pro,rjsjom of paragraphs 7 to 9 of this
Article,
 SOC[AI. SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AM.ERICA) ORDER 19')7'
7. .'"or the purpose of qYi!Jliiyimg for bl.vallajlY betI~fiJ. a r~rso,~ who if) io the t~~Of}' ottoc
On.i~ooStares and
(a) has satisfied rbe tirst C(lflID"bl;ltion eondltion for- m"'slidity benefit using
oonl'l"ihuliom; under IElt: Ltl"";!: (if J~ oj)fl~ ~IJtd
(b) bas sansfied the second contribution (;ooditiolJ fOf 11l,,~lidjc)' benefit lIS~~
relev .m periods of cover3;c under the laW'S of either Part}'; and
(c) is incapahte of work. and has been so inl:apable througbout 1J~ <rIJ3UfyiJl~
por:r1.<X!foc in~'3Uditybl;:I)efit:
shall be wNtcrl as if he had been cmtitred CO sic:knt::s:s beneJlt throughout d1Mperiod.

for the purposes. of !iUb-parngrupb (b); a person will be considered to meet dte secooo
contribution c~itlon iflle is credited with at least '1 qUllTteF!> or
coverage under the Ja~ of
the Un~tcdStatt;s in ~acb oftbc IlII$t :loolnpJct:c calendar )'I:'NS before the calendar YCI1T in
wnleb the ditim for benr:1il was made.
8. Wl)\.~e a person bils. satisfied the coodit:jqAS Wt (!iUt in p~ph
7. the- CWnpctmtAuthmj[), of Jersey shall detel'ln;l)e the ~tlIaJ r.~ of
invalidit . benefit pa"(}bl~ as the .mIPUTlt tha1 bears the Simle te<lacli)t'I ro
the standard rate of bcmltll ss the life a\'~roDtributi()J1 fuct{Jf during
,tl~l:'i't!seriboed perioo bears 10 UJO, except dw DO benefit slmU be
p<lyiill}le where the &1<I1,:1or is less than O.J
9. Wbcfe a person wflois in Jersey is. entitled to b""aUdity benefit
ooder tile 14.lw!) (JfJer~:y, dyu' btan~fit shall he p.ll~3hle.

10. Not\\'it~tan4f1}g ;;my oth.cr pr{)'tisIDn of this Agreement.

invaJit.1jl-benefit shall bep3y~re under the laws ,of Guernsey ,only in
ecordaece whh the pro"'isions of.p3ra~phs I Lto 13 ofthL'j Artide.
II. FOT the purpo!!!: of quaJifyjng foc m\'lltidity benelit, a penon ,tim,
is ill tl~ ltm'ifOry.' oftlle Unifed St.flCe.r:: or G{lem~~ and
{a) bas 93ttmOO the first coutribetlon condition fur sitkness benefit tJs.in:g ......
contributions under the laws of GUCI'fIS..cy onl)'; and
(b} bas siIti:dled lht! second Ql1ntromt[ulJ {"-ouditwiJf~ !Sick.Jl.eS$ b~et1t w;oiing
relevant periiJds of coverage under the laws (}f either <P-drty~ and

(c) is intm~ble of WQ\::, and has been .SO irn:apab-lc Ibr'D\lgbour the quaJifyln,g
(ltlriod fQf ltlaliaity btment:
shall be treated as it he had been enthled' CO SK.l:ness. benefit throughoot tlwt period.
For the pmpo:ses of 511b-pi1ragrnph (b), each quarter of coverage ~itc:d undu the lilw.s
of the 1 nited Statc~ (1\tIw rcm"-an.~ l;'~f!rrimltioTly~~r shalE be treated as if n had been a
~oM,Jribtlt.iOot~ pirt,od of thirteen week:; completed a.~ ;!Iii elfiiployea or lltdf..emprc)yoo ~~)fi
in 1ItO relevant contribetion year,
1<];.Whel'l:!.;I. ~Ii'SQJ! bl~ SinisJJed Chcl;codilt.ms set out m p;lrngr.tptJ 11. tbe C<Jt'lip~lelll Alltlit'lftt)'
of Gu~m~~'~mJl:
(a) dElGm the canttihutr{ln condittolls for the payment of in't'alidity benefrt
sarEl;fied ptovi.ded thai. the ptdods of co\'erage Ufider tbe laws or
Gue-rnsey total One quatll)'mr; year; and
[b] calculate the amount of in'r'8.lid:iiy boncfit to be paid, subject to
rerag"tapl. l3 .!\!l boeSIl!:, lhe propomon, not exceeding lOO%. of the
stiB1d;ml rare \'titkb LIlt: food numb~ (If l:on!i'lbutioIlS paid (if' eredired
in GucIn!ley dllrin~ the prescrilA'lIi period bears to the product: of Iile
number of years in thOO'period and tHty; save that if rbe OOlOUl1t SIQ
ta.kulilted is less thun one-twentieth of me $1andi1rd raie, 1]0 be1il:t1~
shall be pa)-ablc.

Suuolml<:-llt '0, 44 r.lulv 981

SfJC1ALSECUIUr-V(LJNIl'I!:O STATES OF AMER1CA)ORDBR 1997
{a} is ennded to il'l\'illidny benefit under the laws of GlI~Y soleI)'
through the a:pplk.:ltiofl of pardgt"dJlbs I i and t 1, or bits been. e.mJtled to
soch a benefit in relation to the claim in question solely Ihrough the
~[Jpli~j<1 ofdill.'lSe ~!~~l~; 4Uld

(I is in rocefil't ofa distlbLl.iay ben(!,fil LmdeJ' t~ law'!) (If the Unjted StaWs.
wl.e.lItet iJit JI(lt by vb1t1~ of dlil$ Agt~l[)~t; UI~ all1(lIlfll of Ihe
ilil1itdidir)' be.ndil pa)'liblc UDder Ih(: laws of G uernse)' shall be reduted
by the amOf.llllt "l' which tlIe 1\f..$regste of both beoofits Cl{CCd5 the
standard r.ne of invalidity benefic under the !:a'Ui'S of Guernsey,
14, No person in relation to whom InyalldlIY' benen. is payabl~ under the prQvisjom Qftbis
Agrcemrm shali receive a rontrihutioon credit from Jersey or GUCnl5C:'i unlcss prt:SCnt

Sl 199711778

Sell.t

in Jersey OT Guernsey, as the case may be.

t 5. Whc:rc a person's periods of covesage under the !nv;'S ora part of tbe UntIed Killgdomtotll[
les.s than one qualifying year, or one reckon."lble }'e~r, ~ periods sftaU be ~llfCgati!das iftbi:y
billiJi'dl been CQmpk~d nmfer ~he tot"''!5 of OO)' part of the fe-rri1ory of che Uni.ed Kingdom under
which a sickness benefit or an inviliidn:y beJK-ti:1is pil}'nb[~ or would be p.'ly<1blr; itlhc periods
were aggregatc:d, or, where two such benefits arc:or would be payable, WIder tlie taws orthat pwt
which, at the date on wbich cmitoommE .1rst arose Dr arises, is paying <Jr would pay the gJ'CatN
amount. Where d~ aggregate Qfthe periods of coverage is less than one qualifying y-ear,or one
rcckol1l1bk. yenr, Ihis Artklc shall not appl}'.
16, Nol,wj[b~fm1djng !!Ill)' other PFQ\'isiull ol'tbis Artti;le. II PI:f'SOO in the tcmtQ.T)' of IbeUnited
SllItes whi:l i:s subject t.o the Jaws on coverage of the Unit~ Kmgdom by virtue of aD}' 01' the
Articb4 to (i CJflbts A}U'(lernetltand ViM sansfles the cootributiQCI oonoiuoos applicable to
sickness bene'lt wd~tbOSt laws sh.,U. for the purpose of~etmining JJis eriliUeou:ol to
im'alid:il}, b<:nc:f1t under ihose Eaws:
4:iI) 00 1TeiUedas ifbe wen: in Ihe territor)' of the Uni1c:d King<lom; and
(0) eacb day ofinc-.apacit)' fOT 'wor"k while in the: territory ofthc United States may,
y,'l\iCfc ~pprOPl'imC, be ~rcat(ld 115if it were a day for ilicb be had received
sickness benefit under tile laws of the Unit~ Kingdom.
17_ An>' restriction which would otherwise be applicable \r.f\det lbe laws of Ifre
Ul'liled in ihe nn.: of b<[Jefic plI}'Ubl~to persens who I'Il"Cnol ordinariJy resident
K ingdotn
in We territo), (If Ihe UElited Kingdom sbBtl not apply 10 persons in d\(! territor)' of the
Vnitoo States who are in receipt of ilJva[id~t}' benofit ull.der the laws 0f 1fle United
Kingdom by virtue of the provisions of this Agrecmcnt. .,

9, Article 21 pa.nt,b'lapb :z of the: Agreement shall be revised to read i1S follows:

. 2. If a disagreement cannot be resolved tbrougIJ n.cgotiation, the Competent

Authorities will endeavour to settjc be Wuedlrougb arbitratron, m<!distion, or ~r
mumnlly agreed procedure,".

Artkle2

Ihe ~ppU(J.li.()I; of !his SupplementiU)' Agreemc:nt sban Dol: result in an}' reduction in till:
amount of III benefit tc which entill~l'I. v.-~ e$l~t;lis!ted piwr IlO ll$ er:l(f)" intu force.

Artklc:3
This. S:uppJelnmt1irjl AgreeJnefJt s.balf emer lmo force Oil, lite tim day ot ~c: lfdrd month
foU.)whtl! tit lD~tnd, ill ...
bidt bQOIlJ GuVftJ1mcm13 shall bll\.<e i:nfonned ~I1.CO other by 1I
formal exchange of notes that the steps necessary under CheJr national statute!! to enable
'!be Supplementary Agr~1I1e:m: to take e.1fe.ct bayc been taken.
 SOCIAl. SEClJRn'Y (Ul\1TRD STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1997
fN Wll"NESS. WHEREOF. tfJe wldersigned. being duly authoriscd thereto by their
f~c[i'f\i!; Giwenlrnems, ha~ signed this Supplementary Agreement

CONE meltlpl rcate at I ,OiI\d 0 1'100 ti~i1Jane 19%,

FOR Tl-U:GOVI?:RNM""ENT OF THE fOR THE GOVERNMENT Of THE

tfNIIElJ 1U.NGDOM OF GREAT BRITAiN UN1TP'f}S.TATES OF AMERICA:
AND NORTfff.R~ IRELAND: TlJ1lOth}1 E.. Deal, WilliiJm Marsden, {Ministnr.
Embass}' of (he (Americes Director, FCO} United States of America)

SCHEDlJLE2 Arlkle2

SUPPLEMENT .\RY ADMINISTRATIVE AGREEMENT AMt.NDlN<i

THE ADMINISTRA TIVE ACREe~mN'r FOR 'fHE [M]l),F.fl..mNf ATTON
OF' HIE AGREEMENT ON S{)CJAL SECURITY BETWE"N' TH
GOV -RNM]~NT Of 'HI IJNtTED K1NQDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND NOR'n-tERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMIIN OF THE L. (TED
STA n: Of AMERlC ..\

'(he OO"'ernm~nt of the [ fiited iUllg,oom of Great 13tl~iJi and Nonhero Ireland and the Govermnent
of the Unired States of America;

III accordance wLt:h Article t5(I1) l)f lI1tC Agreement on Social Sc:curit} between the:
OO'l,'ettIDlem of ifl~ llmifOO KlrIgdvnt of Greil~ Br~Uljo and Nortbol'll lrclgnd 8.1".a the
Governraent of the Unjced Scares of America signed 00 their bella If at London on [3d1
f'ebn'.i.ll)' 1984 (ht:reif,lafier referred to as "the Agreement") as llR'W?l1dedl by the Supp~emcmar)'
A~-ment of Ibis. date;
Hil\le agreed to amend the Adminis[rnll\'c Agreement for tile impleRletUatiQIl of the
Agreemclill. as fol[.ow~;-

] _ Artii;)c: 2 paragraph 1 of ilhe ~\dministmti"'1: AgrC(!ll1cut :ittilltl be

rlwi~d It;)read <Il>fonows:
I. The liais:on agcmcil!8 rcWtl'(lcl to fIt Al'ric~ J 5 of dw Agreementshall be:
(a) f(lf tbe United States; the Srn;W)
Security Adfl:lilLi81rntjoo, [b) f'or 11l<:
United Kingdom,
(i) in tirr.at Britliin.
For all ool~t~I\~l!ncie8 cxcq:Jt Arncles 4 h-,. 6 Of [he Agreement and the provision of
United Kingdom il)SuJ8.llC<: T~C()Tds for Di!isbili1)' Beacfit,
Department of Social Scc-.urit)' Peasiens and Oversees Benefits
Dired(m~e. T}'il~i~w Park, WhilE.ey R.)ibd, &'lI(Jri Ne\\'c~gUe 1l~1(JI' Tyne,
Engtillid .~9S lOA;
For Mikles 4 co 6 of' the: Agreel'lll!fltt ;)nd 10 provide United Kit'l~dom insul'<iU~'e r-e(!oli'd~ tor
tlis.;biJir); Beneilt,
Contributions AgCrtC}f lntcmatimlill Scf\'Wes, Longbcnton, Newcastle upon 'Iyne, -=nglimd!
NE9211YX
{ij} ill Northern !reJand. Social Security Ag~y Overseas Bromb.
Commouweanbl+ouse, Castle Street, Bdmsr.. Northern Irelllnd BTl IDX
(Iii} in tbe Isle of I'tttm. Department of HIlth .lJl>dSoci:11 S('!C1Ilit}',
Murk wel[Jloll-.l;l.',.Mirlc[ Sf1;'I:(!I, fllJug)rlS, 1.le of M:sn I.M I 2RZ
{j\r) in Jersey. f.mp)oyment and Social Seenrlty Department Philip Le
FCllvre-Hotl:5. UJ Motte Strct'lt. St Heller, J'i.'flit;)' I Cbmmt:1 bJl!OO:'; J'E4 SPB

j ~ 1(\
 Sl 1997/l"18
SOCIAL SEClJRITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER ]997
(".) in GlJems~. Guernsey Social Security Atrthority, Edward T Wheadoo
Hou,,,e,l~ TNcbot, St Peter P(lft,. Gumlsey> Ch8110eJ Islands GY I 3WH..".

Z. Artkle 9' pa~~.fapl' I of the- Adflllinj5tnlGj\lQ ,o\~{~l~l'l' ""an bQ

revised by adding the foUo>wing,sentenee at the. end thereof
. Uo,,"-c-yer,the Agenci~s of the IWu Parties mEt)' agree: on OJ dJffi:nmt a1J~atiuD of
expenses for medkal examibatKlIls arranged under itti~~dpJJ. ft.

Artidill

l'hb. Supp'emerl~ary Admioi:;~ativc AsroemQnt shan enter inl6 force Oil the date of entry into
rtlfQ; (lfthe S\,lppt~mclltiVy Agrcem.cl1l~
orthi~ ~t-e i2mcnd~ng~hr:A~clDCl)t.

S\:mol~l~nt No, 44 rJul\' 981 The Law Rdalim! 10 Social Securitv 1:3.1 1
 SOCIAL SEClJRlTY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER ~997

S11~7/1118

PONE ar L(ltrldon on 6mhJiunl3 1996 in duplicate.

FOR THE GOVERNMENT 01;' THE FOR THE GOVnRNMENT Of' 'THE UNtTED
KINGDOM Of' GREA T BRITAIN UNITED STATES Of' AMERICA
AND NORTHERN rRELAND: Timothy E. Deal. W'Uiam Marsden. (Mini.s[eT.
Emba~,,}' of the
(Amcriws Dir.cct{.)r. FCO} tl{1i~~ S-tnret: of America,l

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Osder makes provision for thc rnodi:fic-.atioD of the Social Security Adntinistnrtion
A~i r992 ar~ th~ Sodal SL'lCuril)' Contritartioas and Bcneflts Acl 1992 so as [0 gi,c effect
to the Supplementary .l\greemenf 00 social ~l,Il'ity (wbidl is scr our in Scbcdulc i to this
Order) made between the Government of the United Kmgd'om M Gr~~1Bnlafn cmd
NQiTthem Ireland and the Government or (he UOlted Stilles of Amcf'r~, -r~
Su;p~Jemet1tar.y Agreement arr)~nd~ th Agri!Gmtmt on social security set out in: Schedule: J
to the Sl)ci~.ScCuri~1(United Smtcs: of Ammca:) Order 19M to Mice itJJt4l acceunt changes
['Ii Urlit~1 Kio@.d:c:m1!I~gisl;;ti(m, in p;UiJcLiW es l'elat.e!! tc imapac:ity benefit.

There are also set our in Scbedu~ 2 to ihls Onk'f 1J~'provis.oos (If a Sup~lC'lnCtl:taF)'
Adm.ini.>trati,,"'C Agreement amending ihe Admin:is.tmtivc Agrc~ set iUlr En Sc:~el,h,le 2
to lhe- Sodal Secwit}' {Uolted S,,-,oos of Amerle4J) ordl.'T ]984.

This Order docs not impose any costs on business.

SOCIAL SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1997

Suonlernent Na_ 44 !Jurv (}81 1'I'4?Law Rew.tint' to Social Seeuritv

212312017 image.png

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The first date wages or annuities were paid (Form SS-4, Line 15)

21.7.13.3.2.2 (02.12.2(}10)
Taxpayer Identification Number (Form 55-4, Line 7b or line 9a)

1. Use the information in the table below to determine the requirements for Taxpayer Identification Number (Form SS-4, Lines 7b or
9a) for domestic entities.

Caution:

Foreign individuals are not required to have an ITIN in orderto receive an EIN. See !RM 21.7.13.3.2.7 for additional information.

Entity Type Requirement

Corporation

Partnership
The SSNnTlN or EIN of the principal officer, general partner, member or owner (also known

UBOflJBT!PTOlBusiness
Trus~ or
as responsible party).

LLC

Sole Proprietor The SSN/ITIN of the owner

Estate The SSNffTIN of the decedent
Trust The SSNflTIN or EIN olthe grantor, owner, or trustor (also known as responsible party).

2. There will be rare occasions where the grantor, owner or trustor 01 a domestic trust/estate entitytjpe will not have an SSN or ITIN. In
these cases, secure the SSNflnN or EIN 01the party responsible for physically filing the Form 1041 and input it onto CC ESIGN as
the cross reference TIN. Following are some instances of when this may occur.

Grantor, owner or trustor may indicate Amish or Mennonite as the reason for not supplying an SSN or ITIN.

An infant is the decedent of an estate or grantor, owner or trustor of a trusl guardianship, receivership or custodianship that
has yet to receive an SSN.

Estate is being established for a woman who used her husband's SSN with an alpha character immediately after the last
digit of his SSN.

21.7,13.3.2.3 (10.01.2009)
Business Operational Date (Form 55-4, Line 11)

1. The Business Operational Date (BOD), which is the date the entity began dOing business, must be input onto CC ESIGN for every
EIN that is assigned. It is identified on line 11 of the Form SS-4 as "Date business started or acquired (month, day, year)." See IRM
21.7.13.5.

".""''''''~''''---------'''-.

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2123/2f)17 image.png

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~ ,wlW.irs.gov"rm"~rt211 orm} lv07ll13r.html

The first date wages or annuities were paid (Form 88-4, Line 15)

21.7.13.3.2.2 (02.12.2010)
Taxpayer Identification Number (Form 55-4, line 7b or line 9a)

1. Use the information in the table below to determine the requirements for Taxpayer Identification Number (Form 88-4. Lines 71Jor
9a) for domestic entities.

Caution:

Foreign individuals are not required to have an ITIN in order to receive an EIN. 8ee !RM 21113.3.2.7lor additional information.

Entity Type Requirement

Corporation

Partnership
The SSNnTlN or EIN olthe principal officer, general partner, member or owner (also known

UBOIUBTIPTOlBusiness
Trust cr
as responsible party).

LLC

Sole Proprietor The SSNIITIN olthe owner

Estate The SSNIITIN olthe decedent
Trust The SSNnTIN or EIN 01 the grantor, owner, or trustor (also known as responsible party).

2. There will be rare occasions where the grantor, owner or trustor of a domestic trust/estate entity type will not have an SSN or ITIN. In
these cases, secure the SSNJITINor EIN olthe party responsible for phy'sicallyfiling the Form 1041 and input it onto CC ESIGN as
the cross reference TIN. Following are some instances olwhen this may occur.

Grantor. owner or trustor may indicate Amish or Mennonite as the reason for not supplying an SSN or mN.

An infant is the decedent of an estate or grantor. owner Of trustor of a trust guardianship, receivership or custodianship that
has yetto receive an SSN.

Estate is being established for a woman who used her husband's SSN with an alpha character immediately aller the last
digit of his 88N.

21.7.13.3.2.3 (10.01.2009)
Business Operational Date (Form 55-4, line 11)

1. The Business Operational Date (BOD), which is the date the entity began doing business, must be input onto CC ESIGN for every
EIN that is assigned. It is identified on line 11 of the Form 88-4 as "Date business started or acquired (month. day, year)." See IRM
21.7.13.5.

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 ttlfPlIfNli~(f"lSily.l.IC8li'a.ifII(JM107.:.PItI{1fn&~.php?contetlt.87
Peg6Vt1

FEDERAL JUDGE. STATE$. IN COURT THAT HE OETS HIS ORDERS FROM ENGLAND

yOOii, SatUrdB)' Z{) June 211111 - 16:t5:.oo

folIDAALJUDGE STATES t COORTTNII.T loIlEGETS HIS ORDERS FROM ENGLAHD

DuriT1g tn., tJi;JIQf JaIllM od Silaron Pstterstln. (~6-!)7..cR-~1) WiI~1TI WOJytlIt JIJ$1iI;1l!,Judgl:: af file lJnifed SiiIII;!S Distrid CDurt
Te-xa~&I3n DiYiilloR
whenp~rrted 'Mtlt IaW'SUlleli:

For aU (J( 1IlO!ie wllQ did not bi:jie\.!e 1hat Jtte Um:ed Slats was ul'llJerGrEat Britain here- III Ia 81taigl1l ft'om lhe mol)1h 0( a F~f.8i!

JI.!!d!)& HO'oY flrllJch ml)ll) ey~f'lce 'df) Y'(tu l'leed?' ,o.fHOOCliII'I9$ I1J8V1tr biMilTt FI'RoIi'!.

Th8 R-8'i'dutiO/la/)' war was; a traw perpetrate!f on the Amllf'lcsn J)e(Jpfe. The wa(1) P'lfPOO4t wal> fQ wnCr.Ilitc ~r iJI'ld r:\'!c.ilj(e ~

Pf:tIJlle~$jcr ~ ~1ro1

.A'HFederal Jud!Jill6. Congres.smIIfl. us. Attorneys. Stale JUI1g8S, ~r;;. af1d ~ AttoITlillY1!- 4I1lO'I'l t/lis lPlQ !1m:irl ~QC B~it;"
~.

Their f~b is to-!l.eeplhe ~ in lime :arid to be fN1X1u~ slave \!itIid'll:tIey (The Btitf8tl AgeflIa) 811egf881lJy compensated lor. The
polioo <00>1101II;nowtitloJt C~~ won; for Gr8ilt Biit.aln 'Ihoy 1.OQ~~ ~ ~ $Q dr;m'! .al;tadtthcm.

t:l i~;irrJI:l. fQTeveryt'JIClIl1 ~ to k;nQl the TnAh. Utus,;;I1I w\:utr; tQgc(her in 19;JlD5ing 1he British Empe. PIeaMi t@oflllI: iIIld e"fnail
~ rere~ to e-.oet)! At'IOii'lt!)', Judge, ano Legisl~o! in )'<Jut area to li!!tlIteM 1'I0w tlley nave bealt Il'lIm8!lk~t PiaS!Ie get oot ),l)Ur

Ye<iOw Pages ai'ld Sl311 flWllQ ~Orta:i in )"CIOr are;li and alsolulllbi!l ~a!Se 0\Ief etlefy radIo Bfaow.' fX}66iIbIe. We h~ pdmeQ.
UlOlr!Mld!l Ofe'lldslce ~age!'l and mailed'."'~m acta!Ss, Am~ ~hitlpcave th~ ltIe Ul"liIe!I States. i!; ill 8JttiS:1I CcloJt'l. IiIla time 10
tomQ 1h9 6ntt61l b8CIi.So Ett!Jlallll.. We must'M)O; coge.mer beCaIU5e If. we 00 not we are 8110001000

V(lIUrFrl~d.

I:Ar,lIlt one tteed3 8t,i' fl,Jtttler hifOfI'll&1i01I,_

~ Augue.t 22., 199T~1J& ()CIn\elligeflC!9 ReVieW altiC18 uBJllllIln'S 'IWI~I&' Empfffl

V't!1~es The Dogs d Wan [End <l(lotlng]

wrote ...
O\:I(lCn el~h (:Q~rol.s;.oti Iti.I; ~1lCI~ U,S. S~ S~

THE ULTIMll.TE DELUSION

 Cestui Que Vie Act 1666
1666 CHAPTER 11 18 and 19 Cba 2

An Ad wr Redres$~of Incony@~ele$ bVwant of Proofe of Ihe O~ ()f Persona beyoM 1flf Sea~ or
abse(lllrl9 fhem:ieIVCI$, upon wh05e l.Ive$ E5tate1i doc depend"

"'1R,l;ilal ,""t C.-hi! q.. viBJI h~ go,. b8YOnd 90, i!lnd tMt R'V9f'1flont,. onnol "net qyt
,..halhe, lf1ey Ii!f9 ~"I,,",or dud"
Whfir~ di\le"~U'I'l:.~d$ or Manr\quf$8nd o1hetJhave Ofan~.,(f~$~1:6$ by L08tle for Mf! or more life Qt!' "'Eli.
or QlliI~ fOf ya~!j de'ermiflai;)h~ ~pon one or moll! liflt or liveliiAnd it hQlb eftSn happel!ied mat such p~t)I\

or f,leftlI.oi . Of WhOGDO ~ 'I~ R\utlh E: !Hto. I 111M2

btlcne Qr'OOt6d ha\lCll !;lOne beyond the SuI or toe

iJb~med .thamQelvea fOf WMY ye~elj; 1~ ~he1..~IiIC!m illild R~efSloner@ ~l'In~ ~nde om w~1her ~

plltlliOl1 Of Pfjmonli be ,aIiY!) er c!'eqd b(J'~IUic!(1; whereof suctllLe:5&Qr'a ilnd Revflpiiool:1t1jhlltO !:!a~rt hti!fd aut
Qf POfiReWooof lMlr l'eMfMnts for Ill3f1V ~8res :/I~81oil LM 1tytj!Supon whloh wen Eat&te~ deJ)end: ijre
dDrnl in rogar'ti thaI t~ lessQ1:'8. Il'I'Id Ra~fQicfl~ra wtl.en lhey hewe broUQht Action! for thtt rawvQI)' ~ their
TeJlftfll~nts hqye P.eefUt P"1t upon It to prove the deftlh or ,heir Te~nts, wne~ It is. A~~ tmPM9t~ for
them to (llsOOtJOf1n. tiaroe, For retlledy of which ml~lf~ tJDII frnquD"!I)'I1i5~nlfIQ to such Lt;$$OfS or
As"amicmQIli!,

AnnQQ1lqql;

dilorlal ~I\fllrmattoo
!~lII'ClYiAAicml Of (,1I;ll)1ri.~ionl '" 1,f1. r;J~11liI1 fQmI or 1Imi AQt t1!r~8betf'l ~ll!tndDd IIl'IQ mod.m reMtlJll! 11'1". Dl!1I~Mt

OU, ~OOl,l8 all(! bei!wi.

ModffiQlltion. ~, (n01 altwmg. l!nl1~

, I&l\GI1' ~Thb CM'lWQlltI v.Ae4 Hlfltr 9ivt11l by :

C2PrMEllbl~ ~!~ i'lll_" L,lnd~ JllIlltiiiJIi~ or :, ,
c3~lf!l wl>fdllo m 1n""lnlElAt r~d by'"
(t]Cestul que' \li8 remaining be1()nd Sea for Seven V.ars. together and no Proof 0( thelr Uv.es.
Judge in Action, tQ dl~t a Verdjcl as though Cestui que vie were dead.

If' SUCh person or ~t$Otl$ for Whostt life ()( lives such Estates have beene Of shiBll be granted 8S
aforesaid stJaJl 1"8ma1l'l8beyond tI10 Seas or iIfsewhere absent themselves ,ill this Rea/me W the space
of 5Ba'ifln yeares together and ODe SUfficient and evident proofs be made of the 11\10$ of such petI'$On

or persons respecbliely 10 any AdIon commenced for recovery of such Tenements by ~ l~f$ or-
ReverstolilefS in every suctl case Ihe person or perscns UPorJwhoee 6fe Qf 1iYe$ ~1,IChEstate dep.t;nded
shalf be aooount~ as naturally dead. And in every Adion ~ht far thE!' recoveJ)' of lhe said
Tenements b~ the LesSOfS Or Revel1irotw!rs. chelr "~lr8s or Asslgne!. Ole Judges before whom such
AcOOn shafl be brought shall dired the Jury '0 give their Verdict as if the ~ soe fe'~inin9 b~ond
the Seas 0( othetwi.se BQsenfing himselle were dead.

It... :I ~ " .. t " I I " I I 1 , ".. - '1

":1S H~ll!IIIb)I.'I-lk L~ ::~. '0:" !;~ '" ';>,[:-11

llf. ... ,......... " . E::
MnQllUorlil:

Am~mdmln,(Ti*tua1)
~;; I i f'91)e~d br :.1. IJ _ .,." ~ _" ~ '-:

Mf the supposed dead Man provo to De alive, them ClhelltIct Is revested. Acticm for mNn Profit;$
wfthlnterm

t Provid.,a alWJJyefijThai If $fI)' pellon or f t 3POf&0f1 or) P"'f1iOC~f5 l!ihall be evicted out dati)' laflds 0/
To_ncmentt by 1IfIrtuo, of !hl$ ~ and ati:erwards If such ~flQf'lQl ~8 IJP()f1 wtwq Ufe or IlwlIi
$uc:;t,6~'t or Emt" depend Bhall!~mt.t again" from bey(Jnd li18 S"~. cr $IuII1()n p~ In ,nv
Ac;tiQJ'I to bQ bftlug,ht for f1eOQvery of iN tame [.~'litC)l btl made, ;@~re ~ tie livelng; or to tlfMlJ been

II"~IMG11.the tlmoDf tht E\lletlcm That then and'rom thel'lc>of1:tf1h the Tonn.nt OJ L"s. v.ho was
~ of ~e ~ hi$ or n.eiJ E~~f1J Admjo.i~ or ~"" or may ~M"
$.1;$11 ~"~
h~ I~ and e!'IjQy 1M said Land$ Of Tenements in his Ot thDir rbnner _~. for end dtinliil10 ttleUfe
or LJvesor 80a Jong terme uthe HIid peirlon or p~ ijPQn MlQt.ft Uf~ or l.ivea th" ~d ~e or

~'(jte, ~pepd,shDlJ bt IlvCling, ,no jl30e ~hDlI~pan A.ciOOnQr AG1iOrntkt I){: bf'mM by him CJr n~m
aglil"M thet.a$$Ot$ ReverslOl'1er& Qt Tennant" .n po~n or O1Iier pel'lQt'ls f~"'ly wtlieh since-
3lit ~Imeof 1tJeU1io Eylc;tiQfll 'f'ecel\ledt'he Proffltt., of ~heAid "'"eft or T~~ "QQWr for d{lmli1~"

thtt fvll p~ ()f ~~ aaid Landi- Of enememt r~IY ~ rawfIiIlntetQtlt for ~d ~ tO$ time
trla.t I'1I!!>or ttley wort oiJ\Od or the $aid t-Ml(l$ 0' TenemerQ, i!!11dkept. or held out of the .me by' (he
iij[O J..elifiitn RevelliIQne.11iI Tennun"b or ot.f1er per&!)nEl who iJfter tI1e uild ~n nmeived ehli Ptv.ffllW
ot 1h4l$ rla t..anCJl or rertemef\1$ or any of tAotnr~vel)' U wf;1I m .ne aJJto w"en tb& ~Id poe110n-

cr pel'1l.(1f'l5 IJpon wflQIEI Life or LivM such E5tate Qf eliltatei did Qepend are or snaP be dearS at tl\e
timlit of bringinp of ehe EI~ Ao1i9n or AdiOn& as if Ins said partiDO or PQf$OnI, wtirtfU> 'net); tiVf;!ff'lg.)

~"n!'l~d ~ I'" Or~lmlt ~ In II ~1!IJl@r~~ $I;tlDdIlIe

::.V~rli!ntTOii!Olnj!: IttD toKt ootvc i . Thit SEetH~ f)/ fttq R~1m ill fQ(1R'': 0. ~I
[0, ro~r1! e:). ~I~liofi, In.I~ -br.lfll

(If T'rlnit'; eo ~. C.amttl!%l&I

 nm
CISTtlI QUE vm ACT, 1,'01
6, A~ th '11 (.fY!(!!fritI)
 b~ ,I . Jiti,.! ~~rl liI!!c ~n~ pb.;~ u .hl:> ;~U~ 1ob;,1:. diltlCl MrQ, gr
@~ S!I:l!
wnulll {i!!nq!i!.Q"\'L'J, ~b41 be< nr;tlll'lllil~d Il>)'Ihc r~T
(If plrlID pr~L'utl~
fiflGlt O)rrte~ ~1!i' 00 ~ , ~~I:i' "'J!'i! ~tJitf:<:;. .4'1'" lit ~ ~~~
lFU~f~DQ. 11f"*" I:vllsb4ll!l Dr QIM-r I'fT.!1}!!l ""lilJ n;flll11 qr ~~L 41.1
flfl~UQ~ :lil;liD jl'f!W1 JlliJf'ff>.!. '!'I'O~'I". ur\lllll)( P;'~lfl w OOIl"~ill\:iI Jill
i!J_ C::.u~J1,u[ GIll~'1 {I~ ~fo.r~' ~"l!h"afllll1i",in~r!! Whilr1!'!J retll!1'l, I~n
till I!\i!~ 111 Sill;'" ~\I!Jll~ IQl}Ilrs ~iJ nuu nnltlrn flli!\l PI e~ pt:llY hul!,
(;i"W~ 1'1 f:1~E=r Of "'lI\Y iJ ,llw of '11 - Ib: liNt! IflkiQf mgfJi:i# WI! nil
iXI' ~lIlib olt!Br Jf;~ ~ \1IQ\Kl:ule,1S ~~iJn ~ ~~~~ 19 ~ ~.-4 ~nd: ,l
il'H!1I bl1 IuwM 'iiI !flli)' 1'\lr~I.'IfI tQl~~llb: ~~ ,ith~lilh;: Of in!~~ In
nimAIIXIL'f ~ m,a~1lI'.\ or ",11",,..~e ~)p' Ihtl ~I~ or sU!;@ illr!ll~l
l1J!Mfi~J Wlllllil[l ilf 00 l.'Il~.l~f,'",,[IR ~e[Jle(J ~f<JreJi1id to e!rlDf
~pr;!'" i,"ll"~~!m" ~n!"fIi
W'IIl7:Ifl1l~ nllwf po.!~ IJ,'I!l~,"re~
~
~
. ~1~m~1l1'
!In} ~tuilliy clr-l!ll.

ill,
ii~" ~1!1i" Iflfrlll.l lfutr~"\1

lit! ivJ! o,If,li;r I!1\.; J\i;:1 In f~IAimo ~,., t"fJit lillI\;' dill< 11",,1 I'II'tt}rl~ """"
~r '!I!:''''!lJ tP \!OO [!)lllhb IllIMr 'r.<,,: '" .. mpf.Pf#.!l " Ib" l'tolllr~"1I! ~'OIJI1or
1\ !J.!tl~ -"Ii tl ",. Ilt~tt<i 1 "J~I',r1~ ;Ii"I.. IJt>l ,,, 1'J!>~ ~ r ~.J,l,1"1\(.
fl. IJ/.II(~I~, ,hj[ I!lt;; 5I!11O({r~ ~, . L, "11i"~-' I'li rli~I';" ;...4~1 \1.., 1\ ~ to
ttW.i'lf(, ~. I, !JI,I kf 411' lilt li'~. !,:0"'1A.~ '" ljljt_ l>tl.; $lfl'!tE!MIi
It. '''II"i~l1cr.tmn. '111''1' ~r~ "nl~ill"'lJI!,lins ~,,, ill "':R.in 'Clnh h. ,. nlll
r""".,II~ICI:- e L~1i'Ii 1111 JIIi ~Ili old I~", llf le," I, If!; f'iil'l. (1 ,.,r
(1-1\1'1) f \'~;
m. p, 1l.
'H!U~ ~" r.. Ill; >l'fl''.!p. ""~ }~" 4'1,,,,] U~~), If' Ch, 1,)11,6. Rr
',"W:'n l! ~D. \, SUII i'141 ~~ J"'~1to (I !!J!J, . II! ~ h. n, jH9, U 11e.l~lfn y~
IIr ""A~d'i. 3.4 c ~ It, P'1l.
'I~~ j- !! !Ii'r,<ll h!~ ",,,,","p;."~~ ~ I.,. lblr 't ",",un "h,. hO:I I'II'~ I',:n
h;I!'ol ..q' t,.r~. 'ritl!p!, Itt'. ~
IkI\1l. h'li fI" "'0:&111I", ,)",
wlm 1'11',"1 !""'''f~ """r '"i ,,,' if .h,< i.
It!; ..~ '~lIi . oHll\I .,1 W!~ 1111" \lfJ i1C rt.i.il

~. Kl,..
fr~'.""", loCr f'Jt."ff. r"f51 q;MlI. \ t_,t.:, Il!li rli~ I. 131 .>\11 IdL:xc ~j~.
k< ,I~ I' ~t.iI'I l1f. ~ \.O~ or en.:1!!Id. n! ri! p. ,H: r:~ .f>!'''~
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 Pope Apologizes For CathoUc Church's
"Offenses' Against Indigenous Peoples
'Ll hurnblyask forgiveness ...for crimes committed
against the native peoples during the so-called
conquest of America. II

SANTA CRUZ, aolivia (AP) ......Pppe Francis apo[09,I~d Th(Jjr6dayforthe tins

and !'offenses" committed by the Catholic Ctlurch agajnst indigenous peopl'e$
during the ccloniaHtra CQflQue~t of the Amerioa$.

H4story's first tatin American pope "humbly begged forgiveness during an

encounter in BQIMa with ind,igenQ\Js grouP$ and QtJrler activ.ists ,nd rn the
presence of BQUvia!$ first-ever indigenQUS pres4dent, evo Moralei.

Frane.l$ noted that l.tin A01.rlean chureh iei'dem jn the past had ao~nowlec:tg;&d
grave ains were commf,ttEtd against the native peoples of America In the n.ame of
Y

God." St. John Pau' H. for his part, aPQIQ9i~ed' to t~ e<mt;n nt's ind49 neu for
the "pair:"and suffering" ca~ dunng tJ1e500 yearaof the church'$ ptatenee on
the CQntlnont during a 1992 vi$it to the DQmrnioan ~8PUbUQ.

S'Ut Francis, went farther.

"I humbly ask forgiveneo$$, oot only' for file off~lft.sesof the ehurch hen:teW, but also
for CAfimes committed .agalnst the nauva peQQ~es during the se-eauee conquest of
America,'" he said to apptau:se and cheers from the C1owd,

Eaf1~r ~o~e day.Ffl\,,"C~ denounced the ''throwaway'' Qul'tureof today', lociety

thlt diecard$ anyone who Is unproductive as he cerebrated his. fifStpubUe Me"
in Bolivia.
The gQ"temrn<imt c.1eoLtar-ed;a national holiday so wo.ltem and studtmt& could
attend th~ Mass, which featured prayers in Guarani and AAmara, two of Bolivia's
indlgenQus languages. and an altar carved from WOQd by artisans of 1he
Chfq\.l,i~no poopfe,

In a,bf.en~lng of the native ~nd new the famously unpretentiQUS pope chg,n~ed
Into ni6 veetmeots for the Mus in ill ne_rby BlJrger King.

,$peakijng to the crowd in South America's poorest OQlmtry, Franoi$ ~eCfjed the
prevailing mentality of the wood economy where so many people are 'Idtscarded"
today - thepocr. the elderly, those who are ul'lproduotjve,

oftt i~ 9 mental,ity in which everything h9S a pnee, everything can be bought.

everythjng is negotiable. n he said, 'ItIis way of thinking has, room Qnly for iJ,
~Iect f@w~ whUe it difij~rd$ ~II thO" who are unproductive, I'

The day, however. u,reat;enftd to be overshadowed by Pf8sjdent evo Moralas'

Q()ntrover&iaf g,ift to Ftanci$ upon his arrivat a cr~cifix ca !'\ted' ~ntoa hammer and
fiickl~,
Both the VatfQn and the 80lMan govemrnent insisted Morales wasn't making a
he.retical er poUticaJstatement with the gift Tfwy ~id U10 CfQ"'! dl,lttbeQ tn.
~mmunJst crudfl~," had origr-naOybeen d8$lgned by a Jesuit adMl:t, the Rev.
ud& EspJnal. who was assassinated [n 1980 by $Ulpeded param4lilin dYring
the months that preceded a violent military COLIP in aoDvia. On Wednesday.
Francis, a fellow Jetuit, prayed at the site where Espi"aI'& body was dumpod.

"You can dispute the sig'ni1icance and use of the ~vmbol now, but the origin is
from Espinal and the senl$.Q Qf It was about an OPI" dialogue. nQt about a 8PQQific
ideotosy." said the Vatican spokesman, the R~v. Federico lombardI.

The BoiMan government insisted the gift ~~m't apo"~oal maneUWf of tlny sort.
but Wii a profound symbol that Moraleslhought the "pope of the poor- would
appreciate.

~That wa$ the intention of this g~ft.and it was not any sort of manlU\l8r .. It was
reafly from gre~t affection, a work designed by the very hands of l-uis EspinEi'."
CQmmunieatioos Minl&ter Marlanela PQOO told Patfia Nueva radio,

Associated Press wrfters Paota Aores and Carlos VaJdez contributed.

 H. Res. J94

In the House of Representauves, U..S.,

J'-I~V29. 2008.
Wheeeas millions of Africans and their descendants were
enslaved in the United States and the n American colonies
from 1619 through ] 865;
Whereas slavery in America resembled no other fonn of
involuntary servitude known in history as Africans. were
captured and sold at auction like inanimate objects or
animals'

Whereas Africans forced into slavery were brutalized,

humiliated, dehumanized, and subjected to the indignity of
being stripped of their names and heritage;

Whereasenslaved families were tom apart after having been

sold separately from one another:
Whereas the system of slavery and the visceral racism against
persons of African descent upon which it depended became
entrenched in the Nation's, social fabric;

Whereas slavery was not official! y abolished until the passage

of the ] 3tb Amendment to the United States Constitution in
1&65after the end of the Civil War;

from 246 years of slavery, African-

Whereas after emancipation
Americans soon saw the fleeting political, social, and
economic gains they made during Reconstruction
eviscerated by virulent racism, lynchings,
disenfranchisement, Black Codes, anti racial segrcgation
taws that imposed a rigid system of officially sanctioned
1 racial segregation in virtually all are-as of life;
 2

Whereas the system of de jure racial segregation known as

"Jim Crow," which arose in certain parts of the Nation
following the Civil War to create separate and unequal
societies for whites and African-Americans, was a direct
result of the racism against persons of African descent
engendered by slavery;
Whereas a century after the official end of slavery in America,
Federal action was required during the 1960$ to eliminate
the dejure and defacto system of Jim Crow throughout parts
of the Nation, though its vestiges still linger to this day;

Whereas African-Americans continue to suffer from the

complex interplay between slaver)' and Jim Crow =-loag
after both systems were fonnallyabolished--through
enormous damage and loss, both tangible and intangible,
including the loss of hwnan dignity, the frustration of
careersand professional lives, and the long-term loss of
income and opportunity;
Whereas the story of the enslavement and de jure segregation of
African-Americans and the debumanizing atrocities
committed against them should not: be purged from or
minimized in the telling of American history;
'Whereas on July 8, 2003. during a trip to Goree Island .. Senegal,
a former slave port, President George W'. Bush
acknowledged slavery's continuing legacy in American life
and the need to confront that legacy when he stated that
slavery "was ~ .. one of the greatest crimes of history . . .
The racial bigotry fed by slavery did not end with slavery
or with segregation. And many of the issues that still
trouble America have roots in the bitter experience of other
times. But however long the, journey, our destiny is set:
liberry and justice for all. ~':

-.IRF.S f't4 .:1'1

 3

Whereas President BiU Clinton also acknowledged the deep-

seated problems cause-d by the continuing legacy of racism
against African-Arnericens that began with slavery when he
initiated a national dialogue about race;
Whereas a genuine apology is an importantand necessary first
step in the prucess of racial reconciliation;

Whereas an apology for centuries of brutal dehumanization and

injustices cannot erase the past, but confession of the
wrongs committed can speed racial healing and
reconciliation and help Americans confront the ghosts of
their past;

Whereas the legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia has

recently taken the lead in adopting a resolution officially
expressing appropriate remorse for slavery and other State
legislatures have adopted or are considering similar
resolutions; and

Whereas it is important lor this country, which legally

recognized slavery through. its Constitution and its laws, to
make a formal apology for slavery and for its successor,
Jim Crow, so that it can move forward and seek
reconciliation, justice) and harmony for all of its citizens:
Now, therefore, be it

Resolved; That the House of Representatives~

('I) acknowledges that slavery is Incompatible with the

basic founding principles recognized in the Declaration of

Independence that all men are created equal;

(2) acknowledges the fundamental jnjustice, cruelty,
brutality, and inhumanity of slavery and Jim Crow;
 4

(3) apologizes to African Americans on behalf of the

people of the United States. for the wrongs committed
against them and their ancestors who suffered under
slavery and Jim Crow; and

(4) expresses it" commitment to rectify the lingering

consequences of the misdeeds committed against African
Americans under slavery and Jim Crow and to stop the
occurrence of human rights violations in the future.
Attest:

Clerk.
 Aros-rOUC LETTER
ISSUED, MOTU PROPRIO
OF THE SUPR f'1E f'ONTlFF
fRANCIS
ON THE JURISDIC ION Of JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES OF VATICAN crrr STAlE
IN CRIMINAL t>1AlllERS

In our times the common good is inc;re.c.Sif'1gly threatened by tr'ill\$natiooaJ organtze:d

erime~the im:p~r U$eQf' the markets and of the economy", as wf.dlas by ten'Qn$r'f'.,
It i$ theniore ne~rv for the tmemationalcommunity to adopt adequli}te legal
.nstrurnents, to prevent ~mrjCQtJntercrhnloal activities, by promoUng ~n~mltiQoaljUdicial
cooperation on cril'l'l~nal mat,wrs,
In ratifying numerous, International conventions in t:tIese areas,i!'1d acting aSm on behalf
of VCJtlcan Oty State, the Holy See "'as consta:ntly maintained that sucn Cl9reem~ are
effective means to prevent crimina' actMtles that threeten human dtgnityJ the common
good and peace.
With a vl~w t() Wllnewlng the Apostolic Seers commU;m~l'1tto c.ooperClW to these~ndi, by
meens of th~ ApostQtlc Letter ~~ MotuProprfol 1 C5tiib1ishthat;
1. The competent Jud5dal kJthorltj~ of Vatican City Slate shall a[$o exercise pena'
jurisdiction over:
a) (:rfme~lmmitted ag(;1insttne security, tllefimdament;al jnte~or the patrimony of
the HOly See;
b) (;rim~ referred to:
in VatIcan aey State law No, VIIll of !1 July 2013, )ntaJning StIppIementw Nms
on Criminal Law MJttel'$',
" fn Vatican City State UtIW NOr IX,r of 11 JulV ~O'lll' containing Amendme/Jt$ w the
CJimlnrlJlCctJe and the' CrIminal Proa!dure C~
when such Crimes are committed by the persons ref:erredl to In parag:raph 3 below, In
the exer.dse af tt1eJr funCtions,. '
c) qfW other ~tlme Whose prosecu.tion is required by an International agreement rnmed
by the Holy Soej if the ppcvator Is physlatlly prefient rn the territory of Vatican City
SWte Clnd ha$ not been extradtt:ed.
2" The crimes r~fbd to in, paragraph 1 are to be judged pyrsuant to tI1~criminal law 111
force In Vatican City State at the time of thelr cnmmiSSlol11 without prejudletl to the
9~J1lf pliO(;lpfe5 of th~ !egQI.$\I$ten'l ()fl t:ne temPOl'alilPpli~tkm Qf crliminal ~iW!j.
3. For 1fle purposes of Vatia:tn mmioal Jaw, the fot~owing persons are deemed "Public
omdills~
a) members., officials and personnel of the various organs of the Roman Curia and of the
Instib,Jtions connected to it
b) papallegaoos and diplomatic personnel of the Holy See.
c) those persons who serve as representatives, managers or d~rectors,as we" as
persons who even de facto manage or exerd.se control over the entitles dlrectly
dependent on the Holy See aod listed in the registry of canonIcal juridk:al: persons kept
by the Governorate of Vatican City State;

d) aoy other person holding AI') administrative or' judjdat mandate in the fioJy See,
permanent or temporary, paid or unpaldl irrespective of that person's seniority.
4. The jurisdiction referred to in paragraph 1 comprises also the administrative llabMity
of juridic31 persons arising from crimes, as regulated by Vatican City State laws.
5. When the same matters are prosecuted in other States, the provi$ions in fOrce in
Vatican City State on concurrent jurisdiction shall appJy.
6. The content of artiCle 23 of Law No. c:xD( of 21 November 1987, which approves
the JudiCial 0n:Ier of ViJtiatn aty StaiB'emains .n force.
Th~s I decide and establish, anything to the contrary notwithstanding.
I establish that this Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio win be promu5gated by its
publication in l'Osservatore Romano, entering Into force on 1 September 201:!.
Given in Rome/ i1t the ApostorIC Palace, on J~ July ZfI~3, the ff& of my I'ontifiate.

FRANCISCUS
 The Holy See

MESSAGE. OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS FOR TH ~ CI~L BRATION bF H, WORLD

DAY F CE

1 JANUARY 2015

, 0' ONG I~ SLAV S, au BRO 1'-1-RS AND SISTERS

1_At the beginning of 1his New Year, which we weJcome as God's gracious gfft to aD humanity. I
offer heartfelt wishes of peace to every man and woman, to ali the world's peoples and nations, to
heads of stateandgovemment. and to religious leaders. In doing so, I pray fOf an end to wars,
coofttcts and the great $uffertng caused by human agency. by epidemics past and present, and by
the devastatlon wrought by Natural di${isters. I pra especially' that, on the basis of our common
caning to cooperate with God and alJpeopre ,of good will for the advancement of harmony and
peace in the world. we may resist the temptatfon to act in a manner unworthy of Our humanity.

Listen~ng to God's plan for humanity

2. The theme I have chosen for this. years message is drawn. from Saint Paul's .Ietter to Philemon,
in which the Apostle asks his co-worker tD welcome Onesimus. fonnerly Phifemof'l's slave. now a
Christran and, therefore. according to Paul, worthy of being considered! a brother. The Apostie' of
the Gentiles writes: "Perhaps this is why he was parted fromyQu for a while, that you might have
him back for ever, no Ioogeras a ~ave but more than a slave, as a beloved brother' (w_ 15-16).
Onesimus became Philemon's brother when he became a Chrislran. Conve.rsion to Christ. the
begin~~g of a :Iifelived Chri~~an discipleship. thus constitutes ~ n~ birth (cf. 2 ~or ~~1~; 1 Pet
1;3) ~Ich generates. fraternity as the fundamental bond of farmly life end the basl$ of Ijfe In
society.

In 1he Book of Genesis (d. 1:27.-26). we read that God made man male and female. and 'blessed
them so that Uley could increase and multiply. He' made Adam and Eve parents who, in response
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they had the same origin, nature and dignity as their parents, who were created in the image and
likenes$ of God r '

I
Bul fraternity also embraces variety and d[fferenoes between broihers and sisters. ~en though
they are finked by birth and are of the same natura and dignity. As brothers and sisters. ttterefore,
a~.~pte are I" re~tio,nwlth others, from W0?"l they ,differ" but with whom the~ share the ~ame
r'
ongln f nature and degnity. t n thiS way"frat, emity constitutes the network of reiatiOO& S$ef1tiat for
the' bUJlding of the human family created by God.

Tragically. between tfle first creation recounted tn the BOOkof Genesis and the new birth In Chnst
whereby ~ieVEU'$ become brothel'$ af'!d ~.tt:.rc of the *ftnlt-bom among many brethren" (Rom
8:2~)! 1here ;isthe negative reality of sin, whrch often d'isrupts hum," fraternitY and eonstantJy
disfigul1J& the boa'lty and nobility of oyr being brothers and sisters in the one num'" famUy. 'f
WiI$ not onty that Cain QOuld not $tand Abel~ he kiUed him out of' envy and. in so do~, committed
the first fratrie~de, "Ca~n'$ murder of Abel *fS trag{e YAtness to his radical rejection of theIr
voea~1orlto be brothers. The~r stOry (~, Gen 4:1-16) brings out the difficult task to' which alll1'l!efll
andwomoo are ~Lled" to live as (lne, each faldot) eare of the other' ,{2j

This was also the case Wilh Noah and his ch:lldren (d. Gen 9: 18...27). Ham's disrespect for his
father Noah drove Noah to curse hfs insolent son and to bless the others, those wh9 honoured
him. This created an inequality between brothers born of the same womb.

In theaccount of the origins of the human family, the sin of estrangement from God~from the
father figure and from the brother, becomes an expression of the refusal of communion. It gives
rise to a culture of ensfavemellt (cf. Gen9:2527), with aU its consequences extending from
9.eneration to fJeneration.:t~et::!i()n~f oth~rs,th~r mistreatment, vlolations of their dig,nity .and ,
fundamentat nghts. and tlnstitutionalized: Inequality. Hence, the need for constant conversion to the
Covenant, fulfilled by Jesus sacrmce on the cross, in the confrdence that -Where sin increased,
grace abounded all the more ... through Jesus Christ" (Rom 5:20~21}. Christ, the ~Ioved Son,(ct.
Mt 3:17), came to reveal the Father's .ove for humanity_ Whoever' hears the Gospel and responds
to the call to conversion becomes Jesus' "brother, sister and mother" (Mt 12:50), and thus an
adopted son of his Father (ct Eph 1~5). .

One does not become a Christian. a child of the Father and a brother or sister in Christ. as the
result of an authorj~tive divine decree, without the exercise of personal freedom: in a word,
without being freel:y converted to Christ. Becoming a ch~d of God is oe(;$$$arity linked to
conversion: "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you. in the name of Jesus Christ for the
forgiveness of your sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Splrit (Acts 2:38). AU those
U

who responded in faith and with their lives to Peter's preaching entered into the fraternity of the
first Christian community (ct. 1 Pet 2:17; Acts 1:15-16'16:3,15:,23); Jews and Greeks. slaves and
free (cf. 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28). Differing origins and social status did not diminish anyone's
dignity or exetude anyone from belonging to the People of God. The Chrtstian oommunity is thus
a pla.ce of communion liv$d in 1he love shared among brothers and sisters (ct. Rom 12:10; 1
Thess 4~9:Heb 13;1; 1 Pet 1:22; 2 Pet 1:7).

AMof thta ,how$ now the GQOdNews of ;Jesua Christ. in whom God makea *ell th~ngl' new" (Rev
21:5),CJ is also capebte of redeeming human relationships" ine1uding those ~i1lraves and
masterst by shedding I1ghton what bOth have in common: adoptive sooshipand the bond of
brothefh()Qcj in Chn,It. ,Jesus himse:1f gld to h~ d.'Qiple,;: ii';No long, or, do I ~U yO. U, .em,' nts., for the
8eMnl does not know wt'tttt his ma:stef is dong; but I have called you friends, for ~1I1natl have
heard from my Fa1her I M'V'f;! maQe known to you" (In 15;15). I

The mSJlyfaces of sfavery yesterday and today

3. From time immemorial. different societies have known the Dhenomenon of man's subiuoa,tion
 3
generally accepted and reg,ulated by Iaw- This l'egisJation dictated who was born free and who was
born into sfa.very, as, wefl as the cond.tions whereby a freeborn person could lose hlS Of her
freedom or regain it In other words, the law itself admitted that some people were able or required
to be oonsidered the property of other people, at their free dispo~tiOf1. A stave could be bought
and sord, given away or acqu,red, as if he or she were a commercial product

today, aft the ree:;ult of a growth in our awareness, sli,tvery. Hen as a crime against humanlty,W-
has. been formally abo~&hed throughout the world. The right Q( eB.ChpOfSon ",at to be kept tfl'i a
,tate of slavery er servitude has ~ fecogniled In intematiooa' law as rnYI~abJe-

Yet. even though the intematlonal community has adopted numerous agreements aimed at ending
slavery in aJl its fonns. and has launched various $trategl&$ to combat this phenomenon, millions

of peop'e today - ctdldren. women and men of aUages - are deprived of freedom and are forced
to live In conditions akin to slavery,

f; think of the many men and women labourers, induding minors, subjugated in different sectors.
whether formally or infOf1'J1ally.in domestic or 8grieuUuraJ workplaces. or in the manufacturing Of"
mining industry; whether jn countries where labour regulations fail to comply with intEmlationaf
nonns and minimum standards, or, equalJy illegaJiy, in countries which lack legal protection fO(
workers' rights.

I,thin,k also of the Livingconditions of many migrants who, in their dramatic odyssey, experience
hunger, are deprived of freedom, robbed of their possessions, Of undergo physi<:al and sexual
abuse. In a particular way, I think of those among them who. upon arriing at their destination after
a gruelling journey marked by fear and insecurity, are detained in at times knnumane condttions. I
think of those among them. who for different social. political and economic reasons, are fofced to
rive clandestinely. My thoughts also turn to those who, in order to remain within the law, agree to
disgracefullMng and working conditions, espeCially in those cases where the laws of a nation
create Of perm~fa strueterat dependency of migrant workers on their empfoyel'$, as, for example,
when the IBgality of 1heir residency is made dependent on their labour conttact. Yes. I am thinking
of "slave labour'"'_

I think also of persons forced into prostltutlon, many of whom are minors, as welJ as maJe'and
female Sex $laves. I think of women forced roto mamage, those sold for arranged marriages and
thC$e bequ$athed to retatives of 1heir deceased husbands. without any right to give or Withhold'
their consent. '

Nor call I fail to think of all those persons, minors and adults alike, who are made objects of
trafficking, for the sale of organs, for recruitment as sotd1ers. for beggJng, for ilfegaJ activUies
such
as the production and sate ofnarcotics; or for dreg uised forms of cross-border adoption.

FfnaUy, I tninl( of all those kidnapp$d and held cap~rveby terrorist groups, subjected to their
purposes as combatants, or, a.bove all in the case of young girls and women, to be used as sex
slaves, Many of these disappear whUe others are sold severa/limes over, tortured. mutilated or
t

kjIJed.

so.~e feeper causes of slavery . i

4. Today. as in the past. sfavery is rooted in a notion of the human person which allO'Ws h,im Of h r
to be treated as an object. Whenever sin eerruptstbe human heart and distances- us from our
Creator and our neighbours. the latter are no longer regarded as beings of eq~al dignity, as
brothers or sisters shanng a common
rf""n-."."-- __~. rh ..-i __ _ ..__
human~ty.
r1O_.
..-h,...,,'_...
buth rather
ri."' .. .......-....-
....
as obJe($- Whether
+_ .
ii_
by coercton or
+k-.
ii .
likeness of God are deprived of their freedom. sotd and reduced to being the propeny of others.
They are treated as means to an end,

Alongside this deeper cause - the rejection of another person's humanlty - there are other causes
whioh help to explain contemporary forms of Silavery. Amongithese, I think In the first place of
poverty underdeveropment
p and exclus[on, especially when combined With a lack of access to
education or scarce, even non-existent, employment opportuni:ties, Not infrequentt;-o the victims
~ ,

human tra,ffic~ing and slavery are people who rook for a way' out of a situation of extreme poverty;
taken ~nby f~l$e promises of employme, ,rhi, they often end. up j~ fue, hands of criminal! networks
WhiCh ,orgamze human trafficking. These networks are skilled In uSing modem means of
communication as a way of luring young men and women in various parts of theworid.

An,ather C\lue of ,~aYefV ie ~rrU'ption 0f1the part of peopl., willing to do anytn,lng tor fin~ngial
gain. Slave l$bQu,rand human trafficldng often requim the oomplfeity of ~ntermediarie., be they law
enforcement pef&onnel, state offldals1 or civil and miUtary ~n$titUtjons. "1"his, OQ.OIJ!I VihOfil montty,
and not the human p~n.p f$ at the centre of an economic sY'tem, Yes, the p.,,,,on, made in tr",e
image of God and charged with dominion over aUcreation, must be at the centre of every social or
economic &yst~. When the person is replaced by mammon, a $ubverejon ofvarues oeeUI'9'".{.5J

Further causes of slavery include armed conflicts, violence criminaf act~vity and terrorism. Many r

people are kjdnapped in order to be sofd enJisted as ccmbatants, or ::;.exuatly expioited, while
I

otbers are forced to emigrate, leaving everything behfnd: their country, home, property, and even
members of their family. They are drWeI1 to seek an alternative to these tetrlble conditions even at
the risk of their personal dignity and their very lives; they risk berng drawn rnto that vicious circle
which makes them prey to misery. corruption and their baneful consequences.

A shared commitment to endpng s.~!wery

5. Often, when considering the reality of human traffioldng, illegal traffICking' of migrants and othef
acknowjedged or unacknOwledged forms of slavery, one has the impression that they occur within
a context of general Indifference.

Sadly, this is largely true. Yet I would like to mention the enormous and often sUent efforts which
have been made for man years by religious congregations, especia1fy women's congregations,
to provide support to victims, These institutes work 'n very difficult situations, dominated at times
by viofence. as they work to break the invisible chains binding victims to traffickers and exploiters.
Those chains am made up of a series of links, each cosnpoeed of cle'ler psychologjcat ploys which
make the victims dependent onlhe.r explolters. This is accomplished by bla,ckmad and threats
made a9a~nst them and their loved ones, but also by concrete acts $ueh as the confiscation of
th~r identity documents and physical violence. The activity of religious congregations is. carried
out ffl three main areas: in offering essistanoe to victims, -in working for their psychological and
educatiOnal rehabilitation, and in efforts to reintegrate 1hem into the sodety where they live or from
Whtch they have come.

This immense task, which calls for courage, patience and perseverance, deserves the
appreciation of the whole Church and society. Yet, of User!. it is not s.ufficient to end the =scourgeof
the explOitation of human persons, There is.also need for a threefold commitment on the
instltu~onallevel: to preventk>n, to VI, 'cUm protection and to the legal prosecution of perpetrators.
Moreover. sin~e crirninat organizations emptoy gliobaJnetworks to achieve lhei'r goals, efforts to
eljmin~te this phenomenon also demand a common and. indeed. a globar effort on the part of
varlous sectors of society.

States must ensure that thefr own tegl~ation truly respects the dirgnity of the human person in thf!
f t'nlro ~",f1n"
"" ~Q'3ce> . alT'lnJ,..,urru: 't
. ."r1nnti..,.., tho ...,.., ,a .
"" ,..,f #0 hn.r= ~ ..
h i:>;r "C"C'OD .. rf H..
",".1"" ,..;
 5
person. uphold fundamental rights and restore those tights when they have been violated, Such
laws~houfd also provide for the rehabilitation of victims, ensure their personal safety, and include
effective means of enforcement which leave no room for corruption or impunity, The role of
women in society must also be recogniZed, not least through 'niliatives in the sectors of culture
and social communiccrnons.

Intergovemmental organizations. in keeping with the principle of subsidrarlty. are' caned to

coordinate inmatives for combating the transnationa1 netwot1(s of organized crime which oversee
the, trafficking of persons and the iltegal1rafficking of migrants. Cooperation is cleariy needed at a
number of revels, 1nvO'JvfngnatKJnal and intemational institutions, agencies of civil society and the
worfd oH;jnance,

8usinene$OO have a duty to ensure dignified working conditions and adequate $8lario for their
emploYl'es1 but they must also be v,'ignaot that foons Of,"$~bJugatton. Of "yman tmffick,mg <to not find
their way Into the distr1butbt"l chain, Together wlth the 80Qfai responatbillty of ousiMie$$e$,. there 45
al80 the $Odaf fe15PQnsibility of consumers, Every peraon ought to have the awa ness that
"PYfonasing ~s always a mCK'ai- and not $itnpty 8n economic - act-,m

Organi~ations incivU SQcjety. fO( the4r part. have the task of awakenlng ccnseiences and
promoting whatever steps are necessary for combating. and uprootiog the cuJture of ensJavement

In reQent years. the Moly See. attentive to the pain of the victims of traff~ing and the voiQe of the
ntl~giou5 congregations whreh assist them on their path to freedom" ha$ iocreased ia ;appeat$ to
the tntema1ional CQrnmunily for ~f&tion and collaboration bet\Yeen differentagencieG in
pYtting it" onatQ thi\; $COurge.tal MOoting& ~ave al8Q been organized to d~ attEJfltion to the
phenomenon of human trafficking and to facilitate cooperation between venous agenclQ$.
including e~rts from the univerSities and intemaUonaJ orgaF1fmtions" police forces from migrants'
CQ~ntrie8of origin, trans~ Of dutination. and representatives of ecct8~a' groups which woriCwith
vjctlms, It is mv nope 'that these effort$ win continue to expend in yeafS to come,

Gklba,l~z"ng fraternity ~not slavery or indifference

6, III h~f "PfOCiamatiQn of the trutn ofChrist's love in society" ,iW, the Church constantly engages in
dllrit~te activ~tfes tns.plred by' the truth of the human per6on:-She, f:ISi cha:rged with Ghowing to ,n
the path toconVEJ($fon. Wfl4chenables ~s to d'tange the way we see. our nelghbours. to recognIze
in every other person 8, ,tnother or sfstef in our human mmny. and to acknowtedge hl& or her
intffnt4c digrnty Iin truth and freedom. Thi$ call be dearly se,en fmm tnestory of Josephine Bakhita.
the $aint origfnsUy from Ute Darfur reg-~onin' &dan who ~S Iddnapped by "av.tniffi~~fS and
loid to brutal mS6ter$ when she was n4ne years old, SU.b$$quently - as a result ofpajnfut
expeliences - she bocame a "frn daughter of'God" tha;nk~ to h~r fa;th. Uved in f(t!ltQiow
'oonsecraijon and in setVioe to others, especially the most lowt}t and helplaM. Thi. sajnt,who lived
at the turn of 100 twentieth century, .seven tod$V an exempfe(V wJt".f' of nopei.iQl fOf 1he many
viotirnSQf 1h~very: $he oan support the efforts of all those committed to flg~ng ag~"1tthils "~i
wound on the body of contempofary society., a scoorge upon the body of Christ", Wl

J n the light of aJjthis, I in\tite evefYOfle in accordance with his or her speCific role and!
I

responsibifities~ to practice acts of fratern[ty towards those kept in a state of enslavement Let us
ask ourselves, as indMduals and as communities. whether we fee~ chalfenged when, ill our dar.ly
Uves, we meet or deal with persons who could be victims of human traffickjng, or when we are
temptek:l to select [terns which may well have been produced by exp~oiting others. Some of us. out
of indifferenoo, Of financial reasons1 or because we are caught up in our daUy concerns, ctoa6 our
eyes to this. others, however, decide to do someth.ing' about ft, to jam civic associations Of to
practice smaB. everyday gestures - wh.Ch have so much menU -such as offeflng a kind word. a
grmog or ~ smile. These cost IJS nothing but they can offer hope. open doors, and change the
life of another person who lives darniestinety. they can also change our own lives with respect to
this reality_
We olJ.9ht to (e<:ogni~ that . ~re faCing globa~ phenomenon whfc;h exceeds the competence of
anyone oommunity or Qountty. III order to eliminate, it, we need a mobiHzation compaFab~ in .Ite
tou,et of~, phenomenon ftsetf. For this reason I:urgentiy aPf)eal to aft mon ,nd women of good
will, and aU those rwtar or far. 'neludlng the highest levels of civlJ inst4tut10f1$, who witnes. the
sco'Ufge of contemporary 61avery, nono become aQCQmplices to this evil. not to tum away.from the
$lJffennge of our brother1S~nd "stere, our ~Iow humsn beings, who are deprived of their freedom
and' dignity,hmead, may we have the courage to touch the suffering 'flestl of' Chri&t.U2J reveafed
'" tho faoe. of thQ$Q coYntkm persons whom he ealls '1he ~a$t of these, my br.thren" (Mt 25,;40,
45).

We know tl'\a.tGod wUla$t< each of us: What did you do for your brother? (cr. Gen 4:9-10). Th@
g'lobalizatiooof indifference r which today burdens the lives of so many of our brothers and sisters,
reqelres aU of us to forge a new worldwide soljdarily and fraternity ,capable of giVing them new
hope and he4ping them to advance with courage amid the problems of our time and the new
hQri~Qn$which they disolose and which God places in our hands.

From the Vatican, 8 December 2014

FRANCISCUS

ill ...
NQ.1,

[31 Cf. Apo&tolicexhortatiOn Evangeiii Gaucflum. 11,

mL....Cf. PONTlf~CAl COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE. Vocation of the Business
Leader. A RettectlOI1, 2013,

191 BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical letter CaritUj, iIlV~fjtat.e"5,

LlO.L...Thruugtl U1tJ kflQWJeQge of thia hoJJl' ~ waa 'redeemed'. no lo~r $ ahllve, but ~ ffee
ehilOO~God,_She u "def'$tood ~8t. Paul ~eant when he ~minded the Ephe6 n~ that ~revtou&Jy
they wlIfft wtthaut hOJJe and without God In the world -. without hOllO' beQa\lM wJthout Gocf'
(BENHOtICT XVI, Eneycllcal Lett&t S~e Salvi, 3).
~,,"",-Cf. Apostolic Exhortation Evpng~liiGaLJdlum. 24 and 270.

. COPYftght - Ubrerla Editrioe Vatlcana

 -167 -

AGIRES. 2888 (XLVI-O/16)

AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

(Adopted at the third plenary session, held on June 15,2016)

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY,

RECALLING the contents of resolution AG/RES. 2867 (XLIV-OIJ4), "Draft American

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples," as well as all the previous resolutions on this issue;

RECALLING also the "Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples in the
Americas," document AGIDEC. 79 (XLIV-O/14), which reaffirms that progress in promoting and
effectively protecting the rights of the indigenous peoples of the Americas is a priority for the
Organization of American States;

RECOGNIZING the valuable support provided by the member states, observer states, the
organs, agencies, and entities of the Organization of American States for the process within the
Working Group to Prepare the Draft American Declaration on the Rights ofIndigenous Peoples;

RECOGNIZING as well the important participation of indigenous peoples of the Americas in

the process of preparing this Declaration; and

TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the significant contribution that the indigenous peoples of the
Americas have made to humanity,

RESOLVES:

To adopt the following Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples'!!';!!

1. The United Statesremains committedto addressingthe urgent issues of concern to indigenouspeoples

acrossthe Americas,includingcombatingsocietaldiscriminationagainst indigenouspeoplesand...
2. Canada reiterates its commitment to a renewed relationship with its Indigenous peoples, based on
recognitionof rights,respect, co-operationand partnership.Canadais now fully engaged,...