12 Copper and iron are transition elements.

All the transition elements are metals.

(a) Write down the name or symbol of one other transition element.

Use the Periodic Table on the back page to help.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) One physical property of metals is that they have high tensile strength.

Write about other physical properties of metals.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 4]
14 Sodium is an alkali metal.

It is in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

(a) Write down the name or symbol of one other alkali metal.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Look at the diagram.

It shows how sodium is stored in a bottle.

oil

sodium

The sodium is covered with oil. The oil stops sodium reacting with

water. Write down one other reason why sodium must be stored under

oil.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) Sodium reacts with cold water.

 A colourless gas and an alkaline solution are made.

Look at the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

(i) What is the name of the colourless gas made?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What is the name of the alkaline solution made?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]
13 Sodium is an alkali metal.

It is in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Sodium is stored under oil because it reacts with water.

oil

sodium

(a) Sodium reacts with cold water.

A colourless gas and an alkaline solution are made.

Look at the balanced symbol equation for this reaction.

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

(i) What is the name of the colourless gas made?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What is the name of the alkaline solution made?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Francium, Fr, is another alkali metal.

It is at the bottom of Group 1 in the Periodic Table.

It is highly radioactive and so is difficult to investigate in a laboratory.

Predict how francium will react with cold water.

Include in your answer

experimental observations
names of products
a balanced symbol equation.

...................................................................................................................................................
 ...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 5]
11 This question is about the elements in the Periodic Table.

Look at the diagram. It shows part of the Periodic Table.

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca

Answer the questions.

Choose your answers from the symbols shown on this Periodic Table.

Each symbol can be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) Write the symbols of two elements in the same period.

........................... and .............................. [1]

(b) Write the symbols of two elements in the same group.

........................... and .............................. [1]

(c) Write the symbol for an element with an atom with seven electrons in its outer shell.

........................... [1]

[Total: 3]

13 This question is about the elements in Group 7.

These elements are called the halogens.

(a) Look at the table. It shows information about some of the halogens.

element atomic number density in g / dm3 melting point in C atomic radius in pm

chlorine 17 1.56 101 99

bromine 35 2.93 7 114

iodine 53 4.93 114 133

(i) Write the name of one other element that is a halogen.

 .................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Look at the table.

How does the density change as the atomic number increases?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Chlorine is used to make pesticides.

Write down one other use of chlorine.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) The reactivity of the halogens changes as the atomic number increases.

Describe how.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(d) Look at the table. It shows information about two isotopes of chlorine.

isotope 1 isotope 2

atomic number 17 17

mass number 35 37

number of protons 17 17

number of neutrons 18 20

What is an isotope? Use information from the table to help you.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total /5]
14 This question is about alkali metals and their compounds.

(a) Hannah decides to test some metal compounds.

She uses a flame test.

Look at the diagram. It shows how Hannah does a flame test.

flame test
wire

flame test flame test

wire wire

hydrochloric metal
acid compound bunsen
burner
 Look at Hannahs results.

metal compound colour of flame

potassium chloride lilac

sodium chloride

compound A red

(i) Sodium chloride contains sodium.

What is the colour of the flame when Hannah tests sodium chloride?

Write your answer in the table. [1] (ii)

Compound A contains a metal.

Which metal?

.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Potassium chloride is made of particles.

One particle has the formula K+ and the other Cl .

Which of these particles is a cation? Explain why.

............................................................................................................................................ [1] (c)

Potassium reacts with water to make a colourless gas.

Donna thinks the gas is hydrogen.

Describe how Donna can test this gas to see if it is hydrogen.

test ............................................................................................................................................ result

.........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 5]

5 The halogens are a group of diatomic non-metals showing a trend in colour, state and reactivity.

(a) In this description, what is the meaning of

(i) diatomic, [1]

(ii) state? [1]

(b) The table gives some information about some of the halogens.
 melting point boiling point state at room
element colour
/ oC / oC temperature

chlorine -101 -35 green

bromine -7 +59

iodine +114 grey-black

(i) Complete the last column in the table to show the state of each of the halogens at
room temperature. [2]

(ii) State the colour of bromine.

[1]

(iii) Suggest a value for the boiling point of iodine.

[1]

(c) Complete the word equation for the reaction of chlorine with potassium iodide.

chlorine + potassium iodide +

[2]

(d) (i) Draw a diagram to show the electronic structure of a chlorine molecule.
Show only the outer electrons.

[2]

(ii) State a use of chlorine.

[1]

(e) The structures of some substances containing halogens are shown below.

Na+ Cl Na+ Cl

Cl Na+ Cl Na+
F
+
Na Cl +
Na Cl F Br
Br Br H Cl F
 A B C D

(i) Which one of these structures, A, B, C or D, shows an element?

[1]

(ii) Which one of these structures forms hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water?

[1]

(iii) Complete the following sentence.

Structure B conducts electricity when it is molten because

[2]

(f) Astatine, At, is below iodine in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

(i) In which Period of the Periodic Table is astatine?

[1]

(ii) How many protons does astatine have in its nucleus?

[1]

(iii) Astatine has many isotopes.

What do you understand by the term isotopes?

[1]

(iv) The most common isotope of astatine has a nucleon number (mass number) of
210.
Calculate the number of neutrons in this isotope of astatine.

[1]

1 Three of the halogens in Group VII are:

chlorine bromine iodine

(a) (i) How does their colour change down the Group?

[1]

(ii) How does their physical state (solid, liquid or gas) change down the Group?
 [1]

(iii) Predict the colour and physical state of fluorine.

colour

physical state [2]

(b) Describe how you could distinguish between aqueous potassium bromide and aqueous
potassium iodide.

test

result with bromide

result with iodide [3]

(c) 0.015 moles of iodine react with 0.045 moles of chlorine to form 0.030 moles of a single
product. Complete the equation.

I2 + Cl2 [2]

(d) Traces of chlorine can be separated from bromine vapour by diffusion.

Which gas would diffuse the faster and why?

[2]

4 The first three elements in Group IV are

carbon,
silicon,
germanium.

(a) The element germanium has a diamond-type structure. Describe the structure of
germanium. A diagram is acceptable.

[2]

(b) Unlike diamond, graphite is soft and is a good conductor of electricity.

(i) Explain why graphite has these properties.

(ii)

G
 ive a use of graphite that depends on one of these properties.

property

[3]

use [1]

(c) Carbon dioxide and silicon(IV) oxide have similar formulae but different types of
structure.

(i) Give the formulae of these oxides.

[1]

(ii) How are their structures different?

[2]

(d) All these elements form compounds with hydrogen called hydrides. The saturated
hydrides of carbon are the alkanes. Predict the formula of the hydride of germanium
which contains two germanium atoms.

[1]

6 The halogens are a group of elements showing trends in colour, state and reaction with other halide
ions.

(a) Complete the word equation for the reaction of chlorine with aqueous potassium
bromide.

chlorine + potassium bromide + [2]

(b) Explain why an aqueous solution of iodine does not react with potassium chloride.

[1]

(c) The table shows the properties of some halogens.

halogen state at room colour boiling point / C density of solid /

-3
temperature g cm

fluorine gas yellow 1.51

chlorine green 35 1.56

bromine liquid red-brown 59

iodine solid 184 4.93

 (i) Complete the missing spaces in the table. [2]

(ii) Suggest values for

the boiling point of fluorine,

the density of bromine. [2]

(d) How many electrons does an atom of fluorine have

(i) in total,

(ii) in its outer shell? [2]

(e) State a use for chlorine.

[1]

[Total: 10]

4 Use your copy of the periodic table to help you answer these questions.

(a) Predict the formula of each of the following compounds.

(i) barium oxide [1]

(ii) boron oxide [1]

(b) Give the formula of the following ions.

(i) sulphide [1]

(ii) gallium [1]

(c) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons in one molecule of
the covalent compound nitrogen trichloride.

Use x to represent an electron from a nitrogen atom.

Use o to represent an electron from a chlorine atom. [3]

(d) Potassium and vanadium are elements in Period IV.

 (i) State two differences in their physical properties.
[2]

(ii) Give two differences in their chemical properties.

[2]

(e) Fluorine and astatine are halogens. Use your knowledge of the other halogens to predict the
following:

(i) The physical state of fluorine at r.t.p.

The physical state of astatine at r.t.p. [2]

(ii) Two similarities in their chemical properties

[2]

[Total 15]

1 Chlorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

When chlorine reacts with a solution of potassium bromide, the solution turns a
reddish brown colour. [1]

(i) Write a word equation for this reaction.

[2]

(ii) Explain why iodine does not react with a solution of potassium bromide.

[1]

(f) When chlorine reacts with sodium to form sodium chloride, energy is released.

(i) State the name given to a reaction which releases energy.

[1]

(ii) What type of bonding is present in sodium chloride?

[1]
(iii) Explain what happens in terms of electron transfer when a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine
atom.

[2]