ANALISIS

STATISTIKA

Materi 4
Sebaran Penarikan Contoh
(Sampling Distribution)
 DEFINITIONS
Parameter:
A numerical feature of a population.

Statistic:
A numerical value of the sample observations.

Sampling Distribution:
The probability distribution of a statistic.
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEAN

Population mean =
Population standard deviation =

The sample mean :

X1 X 2 ... X n
X
n
The distribution of the sample mean
based on a random sample of size n:

E( X ) X
2
2
Var ( X ) X
n

sd ( X ) X
n
 X is normal when sampling from a
normal population

In random sampling from a normal

population with mean and standard
deviation , the sample mean X has the
normal distribution with mean and
standard deviation
n
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
Whatever the population, the distribution
of X is approximately normal when n is
large.
In random sampling from an arbitrary
population with mean and standard
deviation , when n is large, the sample
mean X is approximately normal with
mean and standard deviation
n
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
Consequently,
X
Z is approximately N(0,1)

n
Examples:
1. Consider a population with mean 82 and
standard deviation 12.
a. If a random sample of size 64 is selected,
what is the probability that the sample
mean will lie between 80.8 and 83.2 ?
b. With a random sample of size 100, what is
the probability that the sample mean will lie
between 80.8 and 83.2 ?
 Examples:
a. = 82 and = 12. since n = 64 is large, the
central limit theorem tell us that the distribution of X
is approximately normal with mean = = 82 and
standard deviation = = 12 = 1.5
n 64
X X 82
Z
1.5
n
P(80.8 X 83.2) P( 0.8 Z 0.8)
0.7881 0.2119 0.5762
Examples:
b. = 82, = 12 and n = 100.
X X 82
Z
1.2
n
80.8 82 83.2 82
P(80.8 X 83.2) P( Z )
1.2 1.2
P( 1.0 Z 1.0)
0.8413 0.1587 0.6826
Examples:
2. Suppose that the population distribution of the
gripping strengths of industrial workers is known
to have a mean of 110 and standard deviation
of 10. For a random sample of 75 workers, what
is the probability that the sample mean gripping
strength will be:
a. Between 109 and 112?
b. Greater than 111 ?
Examples:
a. = 110, = 10, and n = 75.
X X 110 X 110
Z
10 1.155
n 75
109 110 112 110
P(109 X 112) P( Z )
1.155 1.155
P( 0.866 Z 1.732)
0.958 0.193 0.765
Examples:
b. = 110, = 10, and n = 75.
111 110
P( X 111) P( Z )
1.155
P(Z 0.866) 1 P(Z 0.866)

1 0.807 0.193
Exercises:
1. The amount of sulfur in the daily emissions from
a power plant has a normal distribution with
mean of 134 pounds and a standard deviation of
22 pounds. For a random sample of 5 days, find
the probability that the average of sulfur
emissions will exceed 140 pounds.
Exercises:
2. Pengeluaran rumah tangga per bulan untuk
konsumsi di suatu kecamatan diketahui
menyebar normal dengan nilaitengah 750 ribu
rupiah dan simpangan baku 100 ribu rupiah.
a. Berapa persen rumah tangga yang pengeluaran per bulan
untuk konsumsinya antara 700 ribu rupiah dan 800 ribu
rupiah?
b. Jika diambil 10 rumah tangga sebagai contoh, berapa
peluang rata-rata pengeluaran per bulan untuk
konsumsinya antara 700 ribu rupiah dan 800 ribu rupiah?
c. Jika diambil 30 rumah tangga sebagai contoh, berapa
peluang rata-rata pengeluaran per bulan untuk
konsumsinya antara 700 ribu rupiah dan 800 ribu rupiah?
Sampling Distribution: Summary
Misalkan contoh diambil dari populasi normal
Sebaran dari rata-rata contoh
Jika 2 diketahui maka rataan contoh menyebar
N( , 2/n)
Jika 2 tidak diketahui maka (rataan contoh- )/(s/ n)
menyebar t-student dengan derajat bebas n-1
Sebaran dari (n-1)s2/ 2
(n-1)s2/ 2 menyebar khi-kuadrat dengan derajat bebas
n-1
Sebaran dari (n1-1)s12/(n2-1)s22
(n1-1)s12/(n2-1)s22 menyebar F dengan derajat bebas
pembilang (n1-1) dan derajat bebas penyebut (n2-1)
Critical Values of the t-Distribution
df t0.100 t0.050 t0.025 t0.010 t0.005 df
1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 1
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 2
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 3
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 4
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5
6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 6
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 27
28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 28
29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 29
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
Inf 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 Inf