Reading Skill (AA)

TATA CARA MENTERJEMAHKAN
‘THE ENGINEERING TEXT BOOKS’
Oleh:
ABRIANTO AKUAN
JURUSAN TEKNIK METALURGI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI
BANDUNG
2007
TATA CARA MENTERJEMAHKAN
‘THE ENGINEERING TEXT BOOKS’
Target: Reading skill of English text books (Keahlian Membaca).

Requirements:
1. Vocabulary (Kosa Kata).
2. English noun phrase (Susunan Kelompok Kata).
3. Sentences patterns (Susunan Kalimat).
Text
Paragraph P P
Sentence
S S S S S
S S S
W W
Word W
W W W W
W
……..etc
Example:
--------------S-------------- ......P... --------------O----------------
The famous metal industry employs some experience expert from
4 3 2 1 5 6 8 7 9
---------------
west Germany.
11 10
Industri logam terkenal itu memperkerjakan beberapa tenaga ahli

dari Jerman Barat.
--------S---------- …..P….. --------------O---------------------
Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 1

Teknik Metalurgi-UNJANI
The metal industry produces printing machines of high quality.
3 2 1 4 6 5 7 9 8
Industri logam itu menghasilkan mesin-mesin cetak yang

berkualitas tinggi.
A. ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE.
Definition: Noun phrase/clusters adalah kelompok kata yang kata

intinya atau kata yang diterangkannya adalah kata
benda.
Example:
M..M ....H… …..…….M………..

A new book in the library …..
1 3 2 4 6 5
Sebuah buku baru di perpustakaan itu…….
Note: H = Head word (kata yang diterangkan/kata intinya)

M = Modifier (kata penerang/kata yang menerangkan)
A-I. Position of noun modifier.
Letak noun modifier atau letak kata yang menerangkan

kata benda dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu: front position
modifier (modifier yang letaknya didepan kata benda dan back
position modifier (modifier yang letaknya dibelakang kata benda
(noun).

Example :
M.....M…....M…. ….H……… ………..….M………………………

D…..Adj……Adj… ....N……… …….prep-group………………
A terrible natural disaster after the second word war …..
1 4 3 2 5 9 8 7 6
..…front modifier….….I…………..back modifier…………….
Suatu bencana alam (yang) mengerikan setelah perang dunia

kedua itu…….
A-I.1. Noun Cluster with Front Position Modifier.
Kelompok kata (kata intinya adalah kata benda) dengan

modifier yang letaknya didepan ini meliputi: Determinant (D),
Noun (N), Verb(V), dan Adjective (Adj).
Example :
----------------- M --------------------- H
M……….M…………….M……………….M…… N
1. An outstanding Indonesian metallurgical engineering …..
1 5 4 3 2
Seorang insinyur metalurgi Indonesia (yang) terkemuka…
D-1 N
2. Several experienced metal industry managers ......
1 5 4 3 2
Beberapa manajer industri logam (yang) berpengalaman…
D-2 N
3. The difficult English test items .....
5 4 3 2 1
Soal-soal bahasa Inggris (yang) sulit itu…….

D-2 N
4. This well planned political activity …..
5 4 3 2 1
Kegiatan politik yang direncanakan dengan baik ini……
Langkah-langkah penomoran (penerjemahan):

1. Tentukan Determinannya (D-1 atau D-2), jika menggunakan D-
1 maka determinan tersebut diterjemahkan sebagai nomor 1
dan selanjutnya ke head word kemudian mengurut ke kiri.
2. Jika menggunakan D-2 maka Head word diterjemahkan dengan
nomor 1 selanjutnya penomoran urut ke modifiernya disebelah
head word.
English Determinant:
D-1: D-2:
A :sebuah, seorang, suatu The :itu / ini

An
That :itu
A little :sedikit Those
A few
This :ini
Some :beberapa These
Several
Many :banyak
Much
A lot of
A number of :sejumlah
Each :masing-masing
Every :setiap
All :semua
Cardinal numbers (1,2,3,…)

Example:
N
1. The dangerous chemical industry pollution …...
5 4 3 2 1
Polusi industri kimia (yang) berbahaya itu…..
2. A new foreign language teaching method .....

1 6 5 4 3 2
Sebuah metoda mengajar bahasa asing (yang) baru…..
Exercise:
1. A famous old metal worker .....

2. The back painted new industry building …..
3. Some popular western rock music singers …..
4. A number of high quality casting machines …..
5. Some pure quality building materials …..
6. Five ambitious metallurgy department students …..
Noun Cluster with Intensifier:
Intensifier elements:
 Rather : Agak
 Very : Sangat
 Too : Terlalu
 Most : Paling
Noun cluster yang mengandung unsur intensifier, maka nomor
terjemahan meloncat ke unsur intensifier dulu kemudian
dilanjutkan pada kata selanjutnya seperti pembahasan
sebelumnya.

Example:
N
1. A rather expensive thick metallurgy book …..
1 5 6 4 3 2
Sebuah buku metalurgi tebal (yang) agak mahal…..
2. A number of very expensive luxurious cars …..

1 4 5 3 2
Sejumlah mobil-mobil mewah (yang) sangat mahal…..
3. The too difficult oral English test questions .....

7 5 6 4 3 2 1
Pertanyaan-pertanyaan test Inggris lisan (yang) terlalu sulit

itu…..
4. The most critical chemical industry problem …..

6 4 5 3 2 1
Masalah industri kimia (yang) paling kritis itu…..
5. The most terrible bloody natural disaster .....

6 4 5 3 2 1
Bencana alam berdarah (yang) paling mengerikan itu…..
6. These too complex modern data processing .....

6 4 5 3 2 1
Pemprosesan data modern (yang) terlalu rumit ini…..
7. Several very dangerous planned political activity …..

1 5 6 4 3 2
Beberapa kegiatan politik yang direncanakan (terencana)

sangat berbahaya…..
8. A number of rather high quality war cars .....

1 5 6 4 3 2
Sejumlah kendaraan-kendaraan perang berkualitas agak

tinggi…..

Exercise:
1. A number of very difficult mathematic test items .....
2. The most economical modern public transportation means …..
3. Some rather popular young Indonesian film stars …..
4. The too complicated car industry process …..
5. The most outstanding textile industry manager …..
6. Some very brilliant Indonesian metallurgist candidates …..
A-I.2. Noun Cluster with Back Position Modifier.
Kelompok kata (kata intinya adalah kata benda) dengan

modifier yang letaknya dibelakang ini, terdiri atas: Preposition
Group (Prep-Group), Participle Group (Part-Group), dan
Subardinator Group (S-Group).
A-I.2.1. Noun Cluster with Preposition Group.

Preposition Group (Prep-Group) adalah kelompok kata yang
dimulai dengan preposisi atau kata depan. Kata depan tersebut
diterjemahkan dengan penomoran lanjutan sebagai jembatan
(penghubung).
Example:
H ------ M ---------
N ---Prep-Group----
1. Some diligent student in the big library …..
1 3 2 4 7 6 5
Beberapa mahasiswa rajin di perpustakaan (yang) besar

itu…..
N ------Prep-Group-----
2. The metal industry development after the great war …..
4 3 2 1 5 8 7 6
Perkembangan industri logam setelah perang besar itu…..

3. An educational activity without a good preparation .....
1 3 2 4 5 7 6
Suatu kegiatan pendidikan tanpa suatu persiapan (yang)

baik…..
English Prepositions:
In : di, dalam, pada

On : diatas, pada
At : di, pada
To : ke, kepada, untuk, buat
Of : dari,... (lebih banyak tidak -
diterjemahkan)
For : untuk, buat, bagi
From : dari
Below : dibawah
Under : dibawah
Behind : dibelakang
By : oleh, dengan
Beyond : diluar, melebihi
With : dengan
Without : tanpa
After : setelah, sesudah
Before : sebelum
Between : diantara (dua)
Among : diantara (minimal tiga)
Through : melalui
Near : dekat
Into : kedalam
Beside : disamping
Inside : didalam, dekat, kecuali
Outside : diluar
In front of : didepan
About : tentang, mengenai
Together with : bersama
Round : mengelilingi
Towards : menuju (kedepan)
Backward : menuju (kebelakang)
Across : seberang
Over : atas
Off : keluar
Out of : luar
Up : diatas
Above : diatas, lebih dari
Instead of : dari pada

Exercise:
1. The most difficult items in that final examination .....

2. A number of foreign experts with very high salary …..
3. The bloody great war after the long political conflict …..
4. A set of very high quality electronic tools from an industrial
country …..
5. Several growing chemical industries near a very large
industrial area …..
6. Many complicated English test items beyond the general
student ability …..
A-I.2.2. Noun Cluster with Participle Group.

Participle Group (Part-Group) adalah kelompok kata yang
dimulai dengan participle (bentuk lampau). Participle terdiri atas:
Verb+ing (present participle) dan Verb+ed2/en (past participle).
Selanjutnya participle tersebut diterjemahkan dengan penomoran
lanjutan sebagai jembatan (penghubung) dan antara head word
(noun) dengan participle harus ditambahkan kata ‘yang’.
Example:
H ------------------- M----------------------
N -----Part-Group--------- -Prep-Group-
1. The big metal industry producing high quality cars for export…
4 3 2 1 5 8 7 6 9 10
Industri logam besar ‘yang’ menghasilkan mobil-mobil

berkualitas tinggi untuk ekspor…..

N ---Part-Group----- --Prep-Group--
2. Some brilliant students finishing their study in a short time …..
1 3 2 4 6 5 7 8 10 9
Beberapa siswa cerdas ’yang’ menyelesaikan studinya dalam

suatu waktu singkat…..
3. Two atomic bombs destroying two big city in East Asia .....
1 3 2 4 7 6 5 8 10 9
Dua buah bom atom yang menghancurkan dua buah kota

besar di Asia Timur…..
3 2 1 4 5 9 8 7
4. The brave journalist coming back from the dangerous battle
6 10 14 13 12 11
field in the middle east countries …...
Wartawan pemberani yang pulang dari medan perang

berbahaya di negara-negara timur tengah…..
1 4 5 3 2 6 7 9 8
5. A very dangerous modern disease killing a lot of young victims
10 11 13 12
in some developed counties .....
Suatu penyakit modern sangat berbahaya yang membunuh

banyak korban muda di beberapa negara-negara
berkembang…..
1 3 2 4 6 5 7 8
6. A number of metallurgical student finishing their study in an
10 9 11 13 12
outstanding university having adequate facility …...
Sejumlah siswa metalurgi yang menyelesaikan studinya di

suatu universitas terkemuka yang memiliki fasilitas cukup
memadai…..

1 4 3 2 5 7 8
7. A set of automatic electronic tools controlling very complex
6 9 10 12 11 13 15 14
process happening in metal industry producing racing cars .....
Seperangkat alat-alat elektronik otomatis yang mengontrol

proses sangat rumit yang terjadi di sebuah industri logam
yang memproduksi mobil-mobil balap…..
- 2 1 3 - 5 4 6 7
8. The wise manager of the growing industry employing a lot of
9 8 10 12 11
skillful workers of academy graduates .....
Manajer bijaksana dari industri yang sedang berkembang yang

memperkerjakan sejumlah pekerja-pekerja ahli lulusan
akademi…..
Exercise:
1. A number of metal industries established before the first world
war by some expert holding university certificates .....
2. Several metallurgical engineers employed by the famous

foreign company giving very high salary for their expertise …..
3. The complex industrial process controlled by a new computer

performing a very high accuracy in its work …..
4. A number of expert holding university certificates given by

outstanding university approved by national board of
education…
5. Some very vital projects finished in a short time by a team of

very experienced engineers having excellent reputation …..
6. A number of broken machines repaired by some skillful

technicians paid with high salary by the company …..
7. The modern casting method developed by an outstanding

professor metallurgy giving lectures in some university
completed with adequate fasility …..

A-I.2.3. Noun Cluster with Subordinator Group.
Subordinator Group (S-Group) adalah kelompok kata yang
dimulai dengan subordinator. English subordinator terdiri atas :
‘Who’ (preceded by person), ‘That’ (preceded by person or non
person) dan ‘Which’ (preceded by non person). Selanjutnya
subordinator tersebut diterjemahkan dengan penomoran lanjutan
sebagai jembatan (penghubung) dan diterjemahkan dengan arti
‘yang’.
Example :
H ----------------- M-------------------
N -----------S-Group--------------------
1. The famous metallurgist who creates the new casting method
- 2 1 3 4 - 7 6 5
--Prep-Group--
know by the world …..
8 9 11 10
Ahli metalurgi terkenal ‘yang’ menciptakan metode

pengecoran baru yang diketahui dunia itu…..
N ---S-Group------- ----Prep-Group-------
- 2 1 3 4 5 6 - 8
2. The brilliant students that get scholarship from the foreign
------------ ----------Part-Group--------
company operating in our country …..
7 9 10 12 11
Beberapa siswa cerdas ’yang’ mendapatkan beasiswa dari

perusahaan asing yang beroperasi di Negara kita…..
1 3 2 4 5 7 6 8
3. Some metal industries that produce industrial product needed
by several Asian countries .....
9 10 12 11
Beberapa industri logam yang menghasilkan produk industri

yang diperlukan oleh beberapa Negara-negara Asia…..

Exercise:
1. A number of petroleum companies which employ a lot of

engineer having valuable experience in their field .....
2. The most critical problem caused by some chemical industries

that discard their waste to the big river by the people living
nearby the river …..
3. The famous university completed with excellent library by wide

experienced librarians who hold university degree …..
4. A number of scientist who follow a yearly meeting discussing

the problem of metal industry faced by some car industry
managers …..
5. Several educational activities prepared before the long holiday

by a number of very creative students of an outstanding
university …..
6. The complex process happening in the electronic industry that

produces electronic tools of very high quality exported to
neighboring countries …..
Langkah-langkah menentukan Head word:

Penandaan awal dari noun clusters (prep-group, part-group, s-
group) dimulai dari ujung kalimat kea rah kiri, maka kata sebelum
back position modifier terakhir itu adalah head word. Disebelah
kiri head word adalah noun cluster yang posisinya didepan (front
position modifier).

B. BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS.
B-I. Pattern I: Subject + Predicate

Subject, unsurnya: Noun atau Noun Cluster dan predicate,
unsurnya: Intransitive Verb (tak memerlukan object) serta
diantara subject-predicate, dilarang diterjemahkan ada kata
‘yang’.
Example:
S P
- 2 1 3 4 8 7 6 5 9
1. The steel rods exposed into the damp open air corrode.
Batang-batang baja yang dibiarkan diudara terbuka yang

lembab itu, berkarat.
2. Some blocks of iron heated in the blast furnace of the metal

industry melt.
Beberapa blok besi yang dipanaskan dalam tanur tinggi

industri logam itu, meleleh.
3. The great war destroying a lot of vital building in that country

ends.
Perang besar yang menghancurkan bangunan-bangunan vital

(penting) dinegara itu, berakhir.
4. The yearly seminar conducted by some experts on metallurgy

develops
Seminar tahunan yang diselenggarakan oleh beberapa ahli

dalam metalurgi, berkembang.

B-II. Pattern II: Subject + Predicate + Object
Example:
- 2 1 3 4 6 7 5
1. The famous university completed with very excellent facility
8 9 10 12 11 13 14 15
produces graduate having high quality needed by every
17 16
modern industry.
Universitas terkenal yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas (yang)

sangat hebat, menghasilkan lulusan yang mempunyai mutu
tinggi yang diperlukan oleh setiap industri modern.
2. Some small industries operating in the industrial area near this

big city get support from the international bank centred in the
U.S.
Beberapa industri kecil yang beroperasi di daerah industri

dekat kota besar ini memperoleh bantuan dari bank
internasional yang berpusat di A.S.
B-III. Pattern III: Subject + Predicate + Adverb

Example:
1 2 3 - 5 4 6 8 7 9
1. John who is the best student winning academic award studies
Regularly.
10
John yang merupakan mahasiswa yang memenangkan

hadiah/penghargaan akademik, belajar secara teratur.
- 2 1 3 4 - 7 6 5
2. The skillful workers working in the famous foreign company
work hard.
8 9
Para pekerja trampil yang bekerja di perusahaan asing

terkenal, bekerja dengan giat/keras.

B-IV. Pattern IV: Subject (Noun/Noun Cluster)+Predicate
[Verb+Complement (Prep-Group)]
Example:
----------------------- S -------------------- --------------

------------------------ N/NC ------------------ --V-- --------
1. Several experts working in this metal industry come from an-
1 2 3 4 7 6 5 8 9 10
--- P -----------------------------
---Complement (Prep-Goup)-----
industrial country in west Europe.
12 11 13 15 14
Beberapa tenaga ahli yang bekerja di industri logam ini datang

(berasal) dari sebuah Negara industri di eropa barat.
2. A lot of people who hold university certificates work in some-

1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9
foreign company located in Bandung.
11 10 12 13 14
Banyak orang yang memegang (mempunyai) ijasah universitas

bekerja pada beberapa perusahaan asing yang bertempat di
Bandung.
3. Metal industries in our country concentrate on the production of

cast iron for export.
Industri-industri logam di Negara kita berkonsentrasi pada

pembuatan besi cor untuk ekspor.
4. A lot of students studying in some university in Bandung come

from some provinces which are far from this beautiful city.
Banyak mahasiswa yang bekerja di beberapa universitas di

Bandung berasal dari beberapa propinsi yang jauh dari kota
cantik ini.
5. Some Indonesian students who are financed by the world bank

go to an outstanding college of technology located in Michigan.
Beberapa mahasiswa Indonesia yang dibiayai oleh bank dunia

pergi ke sebuah perguruan tinggi terkenal bidang teknologi
yang bertempat di Michigan.

B-V. Pattern V: Subject (Noun/Noun Cluster)+Predicate
[Verb+Direct Object (Noun/Noun Cluster)+
Object Complement (Noun/Noun Cluster/
Adjective)]
Example:
---- S --- ------------ P ---------------

--N/NC-- ---V--- --DO-- ----OC-----
1. The class appoints Robert as chairman.
2 1 3 4 5 6
Kelas itu mengangkat Robert sebagai ketua.
2. A lot of experienced mechanical engineers consider the

1 4 3 2 5 8
engineering material expensive.
7 6 9
Banyak insinyur mesin berpengalaman menganggap bahan

teknik itu mahal.
3. People call the students of this academy good industrialist

1 2 - 3 4 6 5 9 8
candidates.
7
Orang menamakan para mahasiswa dari akademi ini para

calon industriawan.
4. The wise manager of the publishing company makes the

workers of that company satisfied.
Manajer bijaksana dari perusahaan penerbitan itu membuat

para pekerja perusahaan itu puas.
5. The consumer of electronic goods in Indonesia consider the

product of Gobel company excellent industrial product.
Para konsumen barang-barang elektronik di Indonesia

menganggap produk perusahaan Gobel, produk-produk yang
sangat bagus.

6. The senior metallurgist that has a lot of experience teaches
some new metal workers having no experience modern casting
method practiced in many countries.
Ahli metalurgi senior yang mempunyai banyak pengalaman,

mengajar beberapa pekerja logam baru yang tidak memiliki
pengalaman metoda pengecoran modern yang diterapkan di
banyak negara.
7. The famous professor of mathematics in that famous university

show the students that study in the big library some new
books of statistics.
Profesor terkenal dalam bidang matematika di universitas

termasyur menunjukkan para mahasiswa yang belajar di
perpustakaan besar beberapa buku baru dalam bidang
statistik.
8. The wise manager of the company established last year makes

the skillful workers working in that big company diligent.
Manajer bijaksana perusahaan yang didirikan tahun lalu

membuat para pekerja terampil yang bekerja di perusahaan
besar itu, rajin.
9. I give you advise.
Saya memberi mu nasehat.

B-VI. Pattern VI: Subject (Noun/Noun Cluster)+Predicate
[Linking Verb+Subject Complement
(Noun/Noun Cluster)]
Example:
1. Machines are tools.
1 2 3
Mesin adalah alat.
2. The printing machines imported from Japan are tools that have
- 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a great role for publishing company.
10 12 11 13 15 14
Mesin-mesin cetak yang diimpor dari Jepang adalah alat-alat

yang mempunyai suatu peranan yang besar bagi perusahaan-
perusahaan penerbitan.
3. John become a joker.

1 2 3 4
John menjadi seorang pelawak
4. John who is a university graduate remain the best joker until

1 2 3 4 6 5 7 - 9 8 10
this year.
12 11
John yang seorang lulusan universitas tetap menjadi pelawak

terbaik hingga tahun ini.
5. The material used to make house hold tools is a corrosion

resistant metal.
Bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat alat-alat rumah tangga
adalah suatu logam yang tahan karat.
6. John who is the chairman of that student organization is the

best student respected by his friends.
John yang ketua dari organisasi mahasiswa itu adalah
mahasiswa terbaik yang dihormati oleh teman-tamannya.
7. Tom who has graduated from the metallurgy engineering

departent become the manager of the big metal industry in
this city.
Tom yang telah lulus dari jurusan teknik metalurgi menjadi
manajer industri logam di kota ini.

B-VII. Pattern VIIA: Subject (Noun/Noun Cluster)+Predicate
[Linking Verb+Subject Complement
(Adjective)]
Example:
1. John become clever.

1 2 3
John menjadi pandai.
2. John who studies seriously become clever.

1 2 3 4 5 6
John yang belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh menjadi pandai.
3. The racing cars coated with stainless steel are strong.

- 2 1 3 4 6 5 7 8
Mobil-mobil balap yang dilapisi dengan baja tahan karat adalah
kuat.
4. The students who passed the final exam seem happy.

- 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8
Para mahasiswa yang lulus ujian akhir itu nampak bahagia.
5. The man that got a traffic accident turns pale.

Orang yang mendapatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas itu berubah
pucat.
6. The white bread with a lot of butter tastes nice.

Roti putih dengan banyak mentega terasa enak.
7. Some applicants that have follwed the interview for good

vacancies seem pesimistic.
Beberapa pelamar yang telah mengikuti wawancara untuk
lowongan kerja yang bagus nampak pesimis.

B-VIII. Pattern VIIB: Subject (Noun/Noun Cluster)+Predicate
[Linking Verb+(Adverb/Prep-Group)]
Example:
1. Tom is here.
1 2 3
Tom disini.
2. Tom who won the scholarship last year is in West Germany

1 2 3 - 4 6 5 7 8 10 9
now.
11
Tom yang memenangkan beasiswa tahun lalu (adalah) di

Jerman Barat sekarang.
3. The machines which are broken remain in the workshop.

- 1 2 (3) 4 5 6 8 7
Mesin-mesin yang rusak tetap ada di bengkel itu.
4. Several personel staff of the big steel industry giving interview

1 3 2 4 - 7 6 5 8 9
are here now.
10 11 12
Beberapa staf personil dari industri baja besar yang

memberikan wawancara ada disini sekarang.
5. The engineering material used in some industries producing

- 2 1 3 4 5 6 7
cars is from an Asia country that has a very large iron mining
8 9 10 11 13 12 14 15 16 20 21 19 18
area.
17
Bahan teknik yang digunakan dibeberapa industri yang

menghasilkan mobil adalah dari sebuah Negara Asia yang
memiliki suatu daerah pertambangan besi yang sangat luas.

Tentukan pola kalimat berikut:
1. Some blocks of iron heated until 1000oCentigrade expand.

Beberapa balok besi yang dipanaskan, memuai.
2. The new industry supported by the government produces

industrial products that have high quality.
Industri baru yang dibantu oleh pemerintah memproduksi
produk-produk (hasil-hasil) industri yang mempunyai kualitas
tinggi.
3. The yearly conference that discusses metal industry

development ends.
Konferensi tahunan yang membicarakan perkembangan
industri logam, berakhir.
4. A set of electronic tools used in the big industry producing

drilling machines of high quality function well.
Satu set alat-alat elektronik yang digunakan pada industri
besar yang memproduksi mesin-mesin bor berkualitas tinggi
berfungsi dengan baik.
5. The chief director of the publishing company observes the

factory product exported to African countries.
Direktur pimpinan dari perusahaan penerbitan memperhatikan
hasil pabrik yang diekspor ke Negara-negara Afrika.
6. The monthly scientific seminar conducted by the student of

industrial engineering department in this college runs well.
Seminar ilmiah bulanan yang diselenggarakan oleh mahasiswa
dari jurusan teknik industri di sekolah tinggi ini berjalan
dengan baik.
7. One of the basic needs for the development of steel industry is

engineering materials that have high quality.
Satu dari keperluan-keperluan dasar untuk perkembangan
industri logam adalah bahan-bahan teknik yang mempunyai
kualitas tinggi.
8. Some metal casting industries which employ a lot of workers

get support from the famous industrial country in Europe.
Beberapa industri pengecoran logam yang memperkerjakan
banyak pekerja memperoleh bantuan dari negara industri
terkenal di Eropa.

9. The price of essential commodities exported to some Asian
countries having big population increases.
Harga dari barang dagangan dasar yang diekspor ke babarapa
negara Asia yang mempunyai penduduk besar, bertambah.
10. The melting metal heated in the blast furnace flows into the
mould cavities.
Logam (yang) meleleh yang dipanaskan dalam tanur tinggi
mengalir ke dalam lubang-lubang cetakan.
11. A number of metal sheets exposed into the damp open air
corrode.
Sejumlah lembaran logam yang dibiarkan di udara terbuka
(yang) lembab itu, berkarat.
12. The most outstanding popular singer from West Europe is in

our country now.
Penyanyi popular paling terkemuka dari Eropa Barat ada di
Negara kita sekarang.
13. A lot of young people who are brilliant go to some famous

colleges of economics in the United States.
Banyak orang muda yang pandai pergi ke beberapa sekolah
tinggi terkenal dalam bidang ekonomi di Amerika Serikat.
14. Water pollution caused by industrial waste disposed from

chemical industries needs serious attention from all sides.
Pencemaran air yang disebabkan oleh limbah industri yang
dibuang dari industri kimia memerlukan perhatian yang serius
dari semua pihak.
15. Many young graduates of this academy work in some foreign

companies operating in that industrial area.
Banyak lulusan muda dari akademi bekerja di beberapa
perusahaan asing yang beroperasi di daerah industri itu.
16. The yearly conference that discusses the difficult industrial

problems faced by Asian countries developing chemical
industries end.
Konferensi tahuanan yang membicarakan masalah-masalah
industri (yang) sulit yang dihadapi oleh Negara-negara Asia
yang mengembangkan industri-industri kimia, berakhir.

17. The wise director of the growing university gives the new
students having very high spirit a directing speech on how to
study in university.
Direktur bijaksana dari universitas yang sedang tumbuh itu
memberi para mahasiswa baru yang mempunyai semangat
sangat tinggi suatu pidato petunjuk bagaimana cara belajar di
universitas.
18. Modern computer is the most helpul tool for people who work
in statistics for industrial development.
Komputer moderen merupakan alat paling berguna untuk
orang yang bekerja dengan statistik bagi perkembangan
industri.
19. Computer that have high capacity play a very important role
in many fields of work.
Komputer yang mempunyai kapasitas tinggi memainkan suatu
peranan sangat penting di banyak lapangan-lapangan
pekerjaan.
20. Indonesian people consider industrial product produced by the

biggest automotive industry in our country.
Orang Indonesia menganggap produk industri yang dihasilkan
oleh industri otomotif terbesar di negara kita.

Terjemahkanlah:
COMPUTER
Computers are electronic machines for processing data.

Data are pieces of items of information that have been properly
prepared so that the machine can work with them. Processing
means: handling or manipulating the material that has been
presented to the machine in such ways as performing calculations,
classifying information or making comparisons. A computer is
made of millions of electronic devices that can store the data or
switch them though complex circuits with different functions at
incredible speeds.
In only a short time, computer profoundly changed the way
in which many kinds of work are done. Indeed, they have created
whole new areas of work that did not exist prior to their
development. We have all heard of computers plotting the course
of rockets, preparing bank statements, predicting elections,
forecasting weather and so forth. Computers do many tasks for
use that would be extremely difficult if we did not have them.
Computers take routine tasks and do them in a fraction of the
time it would take a man or even a team of men to do them.
Many people imagine that a computer is very large adding
machine. Certainly a computer can function in that way, but this is
a very restricted view of the nature of a computer. The message
of a familiar advertisement is that machine should work, but men
should think. This is the basic philosophy of computer science,
even in the advanced states of computer technology.
Despite the scientific basis of computers, many people are
awed by the way they function. This is probably due to the fact
that computers perform very complex operations in very a very
short time seconds or even fractions of a second. In the modern
world, people are often impressed with speed.
Devices such as traffic lights and telephones are a part of
modern life. In a sense they are computers too. All computers
have several features in common, regardless of make or design.
Information is presented to the machine, the machine acts on it,
and a result is then returned. The pieces of information, or data,
that are presented to the machine are called the input. The
internal operations of the machine are called processing. The
result that is returned is called the output.

WELDING
There are a number of methods of joining metal articles

together, depending on type of metal and the strength of the joint
which is required. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light
articles of steel, copper or brass, but the strength of a soldered
joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded.
These methods of joining metal are normally adopted for strong
permanent joints.
The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal
together is known as pressure welding. The end of metal are
heated to a white heat for iron, the welding temperature should be
about 1300oC in a flame. At this temperature the metal becomes
plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the
joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the
surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld.
Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to high temperature causes
oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces.
For this reason, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding
heat, the flux melts, and the oxide particles are dissolved in it
together with any other impurities which may be present. The
metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux squeezed out
from the centre of the weld. A number of different types of weld
may be used, but for fairly thick bars of metal, a V-shaped weld
should normally be employed. It is rather stronger than the
ordinary butt weld.
The heat for fusion welding is generated in several ways,
depending on the sort of metal which is being welded and on its
shape. An extremely hot flame can be produced from an oxy-
acetylene torch. For certain welds an electric arc is used. In this
method, an electric current is passed across two electrodes, and
the metal surfaces are frequently they are metallic. The work itself
constitutes one of then and the other is an insulated filler rod. An
arc is struck between the two, and the heat which is generated
melts the melts the metal at the weld. A different method is
usually employed for welding sheets or plates of metal together.
This is known as spot welding. Two sheets or plates are placed
together with a slight overlap, and a current is passed between
the electrodes. At welding temperature, a strong pressure is
applied to the metal sheets. The oxide film, and any impurities
which are trapped between the sheets, are squeezed out, and the
weld is made.


Reading Skill (AA)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Reading Skill (AA)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TATA CARA MENTERJEMAHKAN

‘THE ENGINEERING TEXT BOOKS’

JURUSAN TEKNIK METALURGI

Target: Reading skill of English text books (Keahlian Membaca).

Industri logam terkenal itu memperkerjakan beberapa tenaga ahli

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 1

Industri logam itu menghasilkan mesin-mesin cetak yang

A. ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE.

Definition: Noun phrase/clusters adalah kelompok kata yang kata

M..M ....H… …..…….M………..

Sebuah buku baru di perpustakaan itu…….

Note: H = Head word (kata yang diterangkan/kata intinya)

A-I. Position of noun modifier.

Letak noun modifier atau letak kata yang menerangkan

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 2

M.....M…....M…. ….H……… ………..….M………………………

Suatu bencana alam (yang) mengerikan setelah perang dunia

A-I.1. Noun Cluster with Front Position Modifier.

Kelompok kata (kata intinya adalah kata benda) dengan

Seorang insinyur metalurgi Indonesia (yang) terkemuka…

Beberapa manajer industri logam (yang) berpengalaman…

Soal-soal bahasa Inggris (yang) sulit itu…….

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 3

Kegiatan politik yang direncanakan dengan baik ini……

Langkah-langkah penomoran (penerjemahan):

A :sebuah, seorang, suatu The :itu / ini

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 4

Polusi industri kimia (yang) berbahaya itu…..

2. A new foreign language teaching method .....

Sebuah metoda mengajar bahasa asing (yang) baru…..

1. A famous old metal worker .....

Noun Cluster with Intensifier:

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 5

Sebuah buku metalurgi tebal (yang) agak mahal…..

2. A number of very expensive luxurious cars …..

Sejumlah mobil-mobil mewah (yang) sangat mahal…..

3. The too difficult oral English test questions .....

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan test Inggris lisan (yang) terlalu sulit

4. The most critical chemical industry problem …..

Masalah industri kimia (yang) paling kritis itu…..

5. The most terrible bloody natural disaster .....

Bencana alam berdarah (yang) paling mengerikan itu…..

6. These too complex modern data processing .....

Pemprosesan data modern (yang) terlalu rumit ini…..

7. Several very dangerous planned political activity …..

Beberapa kegiatan politik yang direncanakan (terencana)

8. A number of rather high quality war cars .....

Sejumlah kendaraan-kendaraan perang berkualitas agak

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 6

A-I.2. Noun Cluster with Back Position Modifier.

Kelompok kata (kata intinya adalah kata benda) dengan

A-I.2.1. Noun Cluster with Preposition Group.

Beberapa mahasiswa rajin di perpustakaan (yang) besar

Perkembangan industri logam setelah perang besar itu…..

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 7

Suatu kegiatan pendidikan tanpa suatu persiapan (yang)

In : di, dalam, pada

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 8

1. The most difficult items in that final examination .....

A-I.2.2. Noun Cluster with Participle Group.

Industri logam besar ‘yang’ menghasilkan mobil-mobil

Copyright © 2007 by Abrianto Akuan 9

Beberapa siswa cerdas ’yang’ menyelesaikan studinya dalam

Dua buah bom atom yang menghancurkan dua buah kota