Statistics and Probability

Date: July 28, 2010

Topic: Probability and Counting Techniques

Probability

Counting Techniques

Fundamental Principle of Counting (FPC)

2 techniques of counting

1. Permutation
2. Combination

Problems related to permutation / combination

Probability

Probable – “Chance”

50% - Can Happen

50% - Cannot Happen

A Study of random and nondeterministic events/conditions.

“Experiments” outcome

 Toss a coin
o Head
o Tail
 Picking a card
o 52 playing cards
 Rolling a die/dice

Experiment Outcomes Sample Space (S)

1. Toss a coin Head S = {H,T} or 2 outcomes
Tail S=2
2. Toass a die 123456 S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
S=6
3. Pick a card deck of 52 52 playing cards S = 52
cards

3 types of Probability
 Statistics and Probability
Date: July 28, 2010
Topic: Probability and Counting Techniques

 Subjective Probability
o Personal
o Guesses, instincts, intuition
 Empirical Probability
o Based on previous knowledge, events, etc.
 Classical Approach to Probability
o E = event E
n ( E) no . of outcomes ∈E
o P ( E )= =
n ( S ) total no . of outcomes of S
o Find the prob that a no.2 i s picked form a roll of a die
o E = event that a No.2 is picked.
o P(E)=1/6 or 0
o Find the prob. That a face card is jacked from a deck of 52 playing cards.
o E = events that a face card is picked.
n(E)
o P ( E )=
n( S)
12
o ¿
52
o E=event that a numbered card is picked
n(E) 40
o P ( E )= = ∨0.
n( S) 52