2016 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence & Communication Technology
Control Analysis of PMSG based Wind
Energy Conversion System using Buck-Boost
Converter
Khushboo Arora Rachit Patel
ABES Institute of Technology ABES Institute of Technology
arora.khushi19@gmail.com rachit05081gece@gmail.com
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze wind
energy conversion system (WECS) using permanent
magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The
configuration consists of a Permanent magnet
synchronous generator incorporated with certain
power electronic circuits feeding to a three phase
load. Wind power control is done with the help of
Buck boost converter connected across the dc link so
as to keep constant voltage supply. Proposed scheme
gives a low cost and high quality power conversion
solution for variable speed WECS. The simulation
under different loading conditions is thus carried on
MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Key-Words: Permanent magnet synchronous generator,
Hybrid System, buck-boost converter.
I. Introduction
Wind energy is one of the most emerging
technologies in the field of renewable energy.
There had been much advancement in this field yet
there are certain parameters to be controlled. These
days the focus is towards non-renewable resources
i.e. solar or wind due to environmental barriers of
conventional resources. Renewable resources are
environmentally clean and eco-friendly. Earlier,
wind power generation was negligible as compared
to conventional plants due to the lack of wind
turbine (WT) technology but now with new
developments there has been an exponential growth
in the wind power. In the recent decade, Wind
energy generation has been increased up to a
remarkable milestone in gross power generation
around the globe. The total installation of wind
power capacity reaches to 305.4 GW around the
world with 14107 wind farms. India has grown its
installation up to 20.15 GW at the end of year
2013[1]. The total wind farms are grown to 443 in
India.
The advancements in this area have
unfolded many technological barriers so as to
commercialize the technology. Also, there are a
978-1-5090-0210-8/16 $31.00 2016 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/CICT.2016.84
Sapna Katiyar
ABES Institute of Technology
sapna_katiyar@yahoo.com
number of options available for the selection of
wind power installation, of which one is Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based
wind turbine system. The ac power produced can
be controlled by various power electronic circuits
according to varying load conditions. Such circuits
may be ac voltage controller, rectifiers and for dc
powered loads chopper are mostly employed. In
this system the generated power is converted to dc
by rectifier and then fed to buck boost chopper. The
buck boost chopper is controlled by PWM
technique which produces variable dc output
voltage.
II. Wind technology
Turbine blades are aerodynamically optimized to
capture the maximum power from the wind in
normal operation with a wind speed in the range of
about 3 to 15 m/s. In order to avoid damage to the
turbine at a high wind speed of approximately 15 to
25 m/s, aerodynamic power control of the turbine is
required [2].
Power in air flow: Pair= 0.5A 3
Where Pair is power in air flow,
is air density, Kg/ m3
is velocity of wind. (m/s)
A is area swept by blade. (m2)
Fig. 1 Power speed variation of wind energy system.
Power Coefficient: CP = P wind turbine /Pair
Where, Pwind turbine is power of wind turbine.
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 Tip speed ratio:= r / plus DC-DC boost stage and convertor in back to
Where, = rotational speed of rotor. (Radian/sec) back conversion.
r = blade length (m)
= upwind speed (m/s) IV. BUCK BOOST CONVERTERS

Beta limit: the turbine can never extract more than
59.3% of power of air (Pair). Also CP ranges from
25 to 40 %.
CP & are dimensionless and so can be used to
describe the performance of any size of wind
turbine rotor. Also maximum power coefficient is
only achieved at a single wind speed [3]. Hence
one argument for operating a wind turbine at
variable rotation speed is that it is possible to
operate at maximum CP over a range of wind
speeds.
III. PMSG Configuration
A non-inverting buck-boost converter is essentially
a cascaded combination of a buck converter
followed by a boost converter, where a single
inductor-capacitor is used for both. This converter
does not invert the polarities of the output voltage
in relation to the polarities of the input [2].
Basically it requires the use of two active
switches and is designed by combining a buck
converter and boost converter, both designed in the
same topology such that this converter can work as
Buck-only, Boost-only or Buck-Boost converter.
The input voltage source is connected in parallel
with diode , MOSFET Switch-2 load capacitor, C
as indicated in Fig. 3 MOSFET Switch-1 is
connected between the input voltage source and
diode . The inductor is connected between  and
MOSFET Switch-2, while  is connected between
MOSFET Switch-2 and the output or load capacitor
[4].

Fig. 2 Full Capacity converter configuration for wind energy

system.

The performance of the wind energy systems can

be enhanced with the use of full capacity power
convertor. Fig. 2 shows a system in which the
generator is connected to grid via a full-capacity
convertor system. Squirrel cage induction
Fig. 3 Two switch non-inverting buck-boost converter
generators, wound rotor synchronous generators,
and permanent magnet synchronous generators
A. Operation of Non-Inverting Buck-Boost
(PMSG) have all found application in this type of
configuration with a power of ratio up to several Converter
megawatts. The power rating of the convertor is In this topology the converter will be
normally the same as that of the generator. With the operated either in buck mode or boost mode
use of the power convertor, the generator is fully depending upon the load condition. In buck-only
decoupled from the grid, and can operate in full
mode, MOSFET Switch-1, with the diode  .
speed range. This also enables the system to
MOSFET Switch-2 is turned OFF and diode D2 is
perform reactive power compensation and smooth
always ON. MOSFET Switch-1 and  form the
the grid connection [6]. The main drawback is a
buck switching leg. Fig. 4 shows the converter
more complex system with increased costs.
operating at buck mode [5].
It is noted that the wind energy system can operate
without the need for a gearbox if a low speed
synchronous generator with a large no of poles is
used. The elimination of the gearbox includes the
efficiency of the system and reduces initial costs
and maintenance [7]. However a low speed
generator has a substantial larger diameter to
accommodate the larger no. of poles on the
perimeter, which may lead to an increase in
generator and installation costs. Some of the most Fig. 4 Converter operating at buck mode
common convertor topologies used for this type of
WECS include two-level voltage source convertor
When the converter is operated at boost
in back to back configuration, diode bridge rectifier
mode then, the MOSFET Switch-1 remains close.

396
 In boost-only mode MOSFET Switch-2 is used as a The inductor of the converter can be found as
switch and  acts as the diode in the boost
(  ) .
regulator. MOSFET Switch-1 is always ON and L= =
( 
 )  .
 is turned OFF. MOSFET Switch-2 and  form
the boost switching leg. Fig. 5 shows the circuit So L=317 H. This is the minimum inductor value
diagram of the buck- boost converter operating at for the converter. We choose 600 H as inductance.
boost mode. The output capacitance can be found from the
following equation.

(" ) 2.37 0.6

! = =
(# " ) 20 10$ 0.2

Considering,  = Output ripple voltage = 0.2

Fig. 5 Converter operating at boost mode
In buck-boost mode the MOSFET Switch-1
and MOSFET Switch-2 are simultaneously ON
during the switching cycle or ON time, while 
and  are simultaneously ON during the opposite
switching cycle or OFF time. This means that when
MOSFET Switch-1 and MOSFET Switch-2 are
turned ON, the inductor is getting charged, so 
and  are turned OFF. Vice versa when  ,  are
ON, the inductor is charging the load capacitor, so
MOSFET Switch-1 and MOSFET Switch-2 are
turned OFF.
V, ! = 355uF.
For this experiment we choose L=600H and
C=470F.
C. Flow Chart of PWM Controlling
During the varying wind speed, the wind
variation occurs during this operation. To control
the wind variation, PWM is used for steady state
operation [5].
A PWM controlling method controls the
two switches of buck-boost converter.

B. Design of Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter

The design of non-inverting buck-boost converter
is same as the inverting buck-boost converter. The
converter is designed considering the data below,

 = Output voltage = 17.2V

 = Diode forward drop = 0.525V


 = Minimum input voltage=12V

 = Average output current = 2.37A

f= switching frequency=20 KHz

The calculation starts with the calculation of duty

cycle.

The duty cycle can be calculated as: Fig. 6 Flow Chart of PWM Controlling
  
D= [27] A controlling technique is represented by a
    
flow chart as shown in fig. 4.4, the values of 
 ,
So duty cycle, D = 0.6  & %& are to be compared. If the value of %&
Ripple Current in the inductor: is less than 
 than it will go for buck mode but if
Vref is greater than 
 than it will go for boost
 = 0.8 +  mode. We can see this process in single flow chart
in fig. 7 & fig. 8.

Where,  = Average Inductor current = = 1A
 i) Buck Mode-
 = 1.8

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Fig. 7 Buck Mode Condition
In this Buck mode condition, the values
of  , 
 , %& will be compared. If the value of
&%%%'
*,- 
/ than it will compare with triangular
carrier wave to generate PWM for pulse-1of
mosfet-1(mosfet-2 keeps off during this time).
ii) Boost Mode-
Fig. 8 Boost Mode Condition
D. PWM Controlling Model
After buck & boost modes, a controlling
model is thus designed by taking some blocks as
triangular pulse, PI controller, relational operator &
a constant block as shown in fig. 9.
Fig. 9 PWM Controller
From fig. 9, it represents two modes (buck &
boost). If input voltage is high, it will subtract
output voltage from reference voltage and pass to
the relational operator & finally go for buck-boost
modes. If the value of constant is 1 than it shows
buck mode. If the value of constant is 0, it shows
boost mode condition.
V. MODELING & SIMULATION
A PMSG has been used to provide the variable
voltage and variable frequency at output which is
further fed to the Buck-Boost converter for
improvement in its performance in the terms of
smoothing or constant output. The simulation of
this topology has been carried out in MATLAB/
Simulink for its analysis. The fig. 10 shows the
Simulink model of PMSG feeding a resistive load
through a Buck-Boost converter. The Buck-Boost
converter employs PWM controlling technique for
providing the three phase balanced output voltage
and frequency with fixed dc or inverter output.
Fig. 10 MATLAB Simulation model
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
is fed from a wind turbine where the wind energy is
converted into mechanical energy which energizes
the generator to produce electrical energy. This
generator has three phase distributed winding on
the stator and a permanent magnet pole on the rotor.
The voltage and current is supplied through stator
winding. The power lter (Rf ,Lf ,Cf) located at the
input of the converter mitigates the high-frequency
components of the Rectifier input currents,
generating almost sinusoidal source currents and
avoiding the generation of over voltages thus
smoothing the waveform.
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 Scope 1 is attached to measure speed of rotor in
rad/s. It also displays the graph of stator current in
phase A and electromagnetic torque. Three phase
stator voltages and currents are displayed by scope
2. The phase voltage and current of the stator is
observed from the scope 3 and 4, respectively. The
output of three-phase generator is fed to the Buck-
Boost Converter. The output of PMSG is AC and
the Buck-Boost convertor is a DC to DC convertor.
Scope 5 is attached to measure the converter
controlled dc output and also display input of the Fig. 14 PMSG Active & Reactive Power
converter. Output current of converter output, 3-
phase inverter output voltage and inverter output
voltage are observed from the Scope 6, 7, 8
respectively.

VI. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Fig. 15 Three Phase PMSG Voltage & Current

Fig. 11 Wind Speed 10 m/s

Fig. 16 Buck-Boost Input Current

Fig. 12 Rotor Speed

Fig. 17 Buck-Boost Output Voltage

Fig. 13 Load Torque & Electromagnetic Torque

Fig. 18 Buck-Boost Output Current

399
 Fig. 19 Three Phase Inverter Voltage & Current

Fig. 20 Inverter Active & Reactive Power

Table:1 Analyzed values at different wind speed.

S. No. Parameters Time run Time run Time run Time run
1 Sec. 1 Sec. 1 Sec. 2 Sec.
1 Constant of PWM 220 220 220 220
(Buck-boost )
2 Wind speed(m/s) 10 12 15 15
3 Load torque (N-m) 31.2 31.8 33.5 34.1
4 Electromagnetic- Torque (N-m) 28-36 29 - 35 30-36 31-37
5 Rotor speed (rad/sec) 149 154 164 175.7
6 Active power (Watt) 4750 5000 5500 6100
7 Reactive power (VAR) -257 -300 -380 -442
8 Voltage o/p of pmsg and i/p of rectifier (line-line) (Volts) 1060 1100 1140 1200
9 Current o/p of pmsg and i/p of rectifier (Amps) 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.7
10 Voltage o/p of rectfier and i/p of buck boost (Volts) 350-625 450 - 614 470-720 470-750
11 Current o/p of rectfier and i/p of buck boost (Amps) 2 to -4 2 to -4 1.6 to -4.3 1.6 to -4.3
12 Voltage o/p of buck boost and i/p of inverter (Volts) 215.2 215.2 215.7 215.7
5.25 - 5.25 - 5.25 - 5.25 -
13 Current o/p of buck boost and i/p of inverter (Amps)
8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25
14 Voltage o/p of inverter i/p to 3 phase load(Amps) 205 205 205 205
15 Current o/p of inverter i/p to 3 phase load(Amps) 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2
16 Active power to load (Watt) 1500 1500 1500 1500
17 Reactive power to load (VAR) 860 860 860 860

400
 Buck-Boost Output Voltage
Buck-Boost Output Voltage
400 600

350
500
300

250 400
Voltage E

> Voltage
200
300
150

100 200

50

100
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time T
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
> Time
Fig. 21 Graph of DC voltage output of buck boost when Vref.
Constant is 400
Fig. 22 Graph of DC voltage output of buck boost when Vref.
Constant is 600
As the wind speed increases, the overall system
working conditions improves thus increasing
operating electrical power, voltage/ current
parameters accordingly. The model is subjected to DC voltage (y-axis) vs Vref Constant
run for 1 second though the system reaches almost (x-axis)
steady state &thus at this steady state the 500
magnitudes of system parameters are observed.
400
As shown in the table, PMSG output power 300
increases with increment in wind speed, thus voltage
200
increasing the torque produced by machine. Further
PMSG output voltage increases accordingly as 100
1060 for 10 m/sec; 1100 for 12 m/sec; 1140 m/sec 0
for 15 m/sec. Correspondingly the current is also 0 500 1000
controlled. As the power passes through rectifier,
the peak value of output voltage also increases
significantly as 625 to 720 for 10 to 15 m/s of wind Fig. 23 Graph between DC voltage output of buck boost and
Vref. Constant (in PWM Block)
speed respectively.
In this way the output voltage of the buck boost is
The dc voltage is fed to a buck boost converter,
controlled. Accordingly the power fed to 3 phase is
which further controls dc voltage at output. The
varied as per need of load.
PWM firing pulse generator is employed for
controlling the dc power. The model is subjected to VII. CONCLUSION
constant reference voltage magnitude (Vref) of 220
in PWM as per the results stated in above table. In this paper, a novel control scheme for wind
Conceptually if this ON time of buck boost (in energy system was used. Control scheme was
terms of reference voltage in model) is developed for maintaining maximum converter
increased/varied the dc output of buck boost can be efficiency and extracting the maximum power.
increased / varied. The duty cycle of the buck boost Constant dc voltage is found to be improved by the
converter is increased in order to increase charging use of the PWM controlling techniques. Simulation
time of inductor. As the charging time of inductor and experimental results obtained verified the
would be high, the output voltage peak would be proposed control strategy. Thus non-conventional
high. Further the output voltage of dc buck boost is energy resources have made the domain much
fed to 3 phase load via inverter. The variation of more practical and efficient.
Vref and buck boost output voltage is shown in table
as:-
Table 2: Variation of voltage. VIII. REFERENCES
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3 600 422 Volts

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