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1. Convergent (subduction)
2. Divergent (rifts, mid-oceanic ridges)
3. Transform (offset mid-oceanic ridges)
Basin classification
Extension
EaES 350-13 11
EaES 350-13 13
Plate Tectonics & Sedimentation
Properties of crust and upper mantle beneath the Rio Grande. Pure shear model is
probable explanation, with a "taffy-like" thinning of the lower crust and the upper crust
faulting in many places to produce the rift valley. This contrasts to "simple shear"
model wherein a single, large detachment fault controls continental rifting.
Red Sea-Ocean Beginning
Deep axial trough, broad
shallow shelf
Miocene (5-25mya) evaporites
(over 4km thick) below shelf
Evaporties probably overlie
thin, stretched continental crust
Evaporite deposition end 5
mya- connection to Indian sea
established
Open ocean water led to
flourishing plankton
Biogenic seds give way laterally
to thin terrigenous clays, sands,
gravels from eroding flanks
Stephen A. Nelson
Intracratonic Basin
Intracratonic Basins
Sedimentary basins
Collision
Transtension
EaES 350-13 65
Woods Hole
EaES 350-13 68
Basins form through Tectonic Subsidence
Accommodation Space
Sea-Level Change
Tectonic Uplift / Subsidence
Very little of a typical
underformed basin is
accessible by surface sampling
/ mapping
Seismic Reflection Imaging
Ninian Fault Block, North Sea
vertical exageration x3 to x4
12 km
A
B
Sistem progradasi pengendapan deltaik Lower Kutai Basin (Allen et al., 1998)
A B
a.
b.
Distributary Channel pada Model
Pengendapan Coal Swamp A cross section
B
di Delta Plain, Lower Kutai Basin (a)
(Allen et al., 1998) and Sangatta Deltaik (b)
76
Levee deposits Channel deposits Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Sangata Seam
Splay deposits Channel deposits Overbank deposits
(swamp)
77