FIQH MUAMMALAH

TASK ABOUT INHERITANCE AND SALE IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Name : Irfa Wulandari

NIM : 20150420203
Department: Accounting
Faculty : Economics, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

1. Is Islamic inheritance law still relevant to be applied in Indonesian muslim society? Explain
your answer!
Actually, studying and applying the law of inheritance is important and should to be applied.
As has been written in Surah An-Nisa: 11-12, which reads:
11) Allah instructs you concerning your children - for the male a portion equal to that of two
females. But if there are (only) daughters, two or more, then for them two thirds of what
he left. And if there is only one, then for her is half. And for the parents, to each one of
them is a sixth of what is left, if he has a child. But if he does not have a child and his
parents (alone) inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he has brothers
and sisters, then for his mother is a sixth after (fulfilling) any will he has made or
(payment of) any debt. Your parents or your children - you do not know which of them
are nearer to you in benefit. An obligation from Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing,
All-Wise
12) And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a
child, then for you is a fourth of what they leave, after (fulfilling) any will they have
made and (payment) of any debt. And for them (women) is a fourth of what you leave, if
you have no child. But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave
after (fulfilling) any will you have made and (payment) of any debt. And if a man or
woman whose wealth is to be inherited has no parent or child but has a brother or sister,
then for each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, then they share a
third after (fulfilling) any will that may have been made and (payment) of any debt
without being harmful. An ordinance from Allah. And Allah is All-Hearing, All
Forbearing.
But todays, the law of inheritance had a lot left. This is due to several reasons, those are:
a. Mankind away from the science of inheritance
b. For some people, Science inheritance is too complicated to learn
c. Still the priority customs prevailing in the society rather than Islamic law
d. Prioritize deal than Islamic law
e. The notion that an injustice occurred in the determination of the section between women
and men are different, so degrading position of women
f. Etc
So I think, as a undergraduate student, and we have been studied about calculation of
inheritance, we should apply first to our family. In the other hand, we also should inform its
knowledge because all of knowledge are useful when it is gave to other people.
2. Muamalah in Islamic jurisprudence based on some principles. Explain the principle of
muamalah! Whats your opinion about online shopping? Give the solution how to avoid from
usury in many aspect!
a. Basically all forms muamalah is permissible.
, ) ((
"Basically (origin) on everything (on the issue mu'amalah) was mubah, unless there is proof that
shows on more meaning."
b. Mumalalah done on a voluntary basis, without containing the elements of coercion.
.
29 :-
"O ye who believe, do not eat each other neighbor's property with a false way, except by way of
commerce that applies to consensual among you. And do not kill yourselves gentlemen, verily
Allah is all-merciful to you. "(QS. An-Nisa ': 29)
c. Tenets done on the basis of bringing the benefits and avoid disadvantages in society.
- .
"From Ubadah bin Saamit; that the Messenger of Allah sets should not be doing anyway
kemudharatan and should not reply kemudharatan ". (HR. Ahmad and Ibn Majah)
d. In principle fiqhiyah also mentioned;

"Mudharat must be eliminated"
e. Tenets conducted by maintaining the values of justice, avoid elements of persecution in
taking a chance.
f. 279 :- .
"So if you do not do (of war), then know that Allah and His Messenger will fight you. And if you
repent (from taking usury), then you staple your treasure; You do not persecute and not (also) be
persecuted ". (QS. Al-Baqarah: 279)

In my opinion, buying and selling online had legal kosher and forbidden. It can be measured
from the clarity and the submission of the sale of its purchasing. Online shop can be said kosher
because:
1. The object of the sale-purchasing kosher
2. The object is known by both parties
3. The clear of deal
4. Transaction of buying and selling is not done on coercion
5. If the goods do not conform, the buyer can return for the damage has not occurred so as not to
harm both parties.

In the other side, the law of sale may be forbidden, if:

1. The forbidden of object transaction

2. The object is unknown by either party
3. The unclear of deal
4. Transactions carried out forcibly and contains an element of coercion
3. A deceased man leaving a property Rp 48.000.000,00. He left a wife, a father and mother, 2
sons and 1 daughter. Determine the result of the distribution of the property to any heirs!
N PART
STATUS OBTAINS PERCENTAGE NOMINAL
O *5
 1 Father 1/6 8 40 16.67% Rp 8,000,000
2 Mother 1/6 8 40 16.67% Rp 8,000,000
3 Wife 1/8 6 30 12.50% Rp 6,000,000
4 Son Rest 52 21.67% Rp 10,400,000
5 Son Rest 26 52 21.67% Rp 10,400,000
6 Daughter Rest 26 10.83% Rp 5,200,000
TOTAL 48 240 100.00% Rp 48,000,000
*calculation by at-tashil app would attach behind this page
4. An employee gets income every month Rp 12.000.000. he spends about Rp 5.000.000 for
family needed every month. How much zakat must be spent by that employee after reaching
one year?
Income (annually) Rp 144,000,000
Family needed Rp 60,000,000
Amount should be calculated to zakat Rp 84,000,000
Multiplied by 2.5%
Amount should be lend to zakat (annually) Rp 2,100,000
 REFERENCE :

1. https://www.facebook.com/yukbelajarfaroidh/posts/1543342589252767
2. http://tuntunanislam.com/prinsip-dasar-fiqih-muamalah/
3. http://www.emuslim.com/wordforword/juz4/04-103-109pdf.pdf