Professional Documents
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RADIOLOGY
and
MEDICAL IMAGING
Ioana G.Lupescu
Course
Prof. Dr.Ioana Lupescu (Introduction to Imaging, Gastro-
intestinal +HBP region, pelvis, neuro)
Lecturer Dr.Razvan Capsa (thorax, CV)
Lecturer Dr.Mihai Lesaru (reno-urinary system)
Lecturer Dr.Mugur Grasu (MSK)
WS
Gr.145+146-S.L.Dr.R.Capsa (Amph B)
Gr.147+148- Dr.G.Popa ( Dem room-A)
Gr.149+150- Dr.Cristina Dumitrescu (Dem room-B)
Gr.151+152 -Dr.Cristina Nicolae (old MR-A)
Gr.153+154- Dr.A Dijmarescu (PACS-A)
Gr.155+156- Dr.R.Dumitru (Amph-A)
INTRODUCTION
into radio-imaging
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Simple to complex
Non-invasive
Accessible
Sufficient information's for a correct diagnosis
Minimally invasive therapy
Liver ultrasound
Radio-imaging
methods Thoracic X-ray
CT
X-ray (without and with contrast) MRI
Ultrasound
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Angiography
Hybrid imaging: PET-CT, PET-MR Angiography
PET-CT
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X RAY FILMS
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FLUOROSCOPY
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IMAGING
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Ultrasound Imaging
diagnosis; treatment
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Ultrasound
HYPERECHOIC (air,
stones)
HYPOECHOIC
ANECHOIC (fluids)
VASCULAR STUDIES
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Abdominal Ultrasound
Pediatric Ultrasound
Breast Ultrasound
Carotid Ultrasound Imaging
Obstetric Ultrasound -
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Scrotal Ultrasound
Thyroid Ultrasound
Vascular Ultrasound
Biopsy, Ultrasound-Guided
liver
gallbladder
kidneys
pancreas
spleen
Abdominal aorta and other blood vessels of the abdomen
abdominal pains
inflamed appendix
enlarged abdominal organ
stones in the gallbladder or kidney
aortic aneurym
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Angio-power Doppler
Air
Stone Lipoma
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Color Doppler
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Power Doppler
Cholangiocarcinoma
Portal cavernoma
HYPOECHOGENI C
FLUI D lesion
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HYPERECHOGENI C
Artifacts
Risks
For standard diagnostic ultrasound there are no known harmful effects on
humans.
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Patients who are obese are more difficult to image because tissue attenuates
(weakens) the sound waves as they pass deeper into the body.
What is CT Scanning
Computed tomography (CT)sometimes called CAT scanuses special x-ray
equipment to obtain image data from different angles around the body then uses
computer processing of the information to show a cross-section of body tissues
and organs.
CT imaging is particularly useful because it can show several types of tissue with
great clarity, including the mediastinum, lungs, vessels, head, spine and organs
like the liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys.
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CT -Lung window
CT-Bone window
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MIP CTA
Trauma
HYPERDENSE LESIONS
Haematoma
HYPERDENSE LESIONS
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Brain Trauma
HYPODENSE LESIONS-
Lacunar infarcts
Aortic dissection
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Polycystic Kidneys
HYPODENSE lesions
Liver fracture
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CT
A contrast agent (e.g., iodine-based ) may be
administered prior to CT scan to allow organs and
structures to be seen more easily. Contrast agents can be
administered through a vein (IV), by injection, or taken
orally.
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Diagnosis made with the assistance of CT can eliminate the need for
invasive exploratory surgery and surgical biopsy.
CT does involve exposure to radiation in the form of x-ray, but the benefit
of an accurate diagnosis far outweighs the risk. The effective radiation
dose from this procedure is about 10 mSv, which is about the same as
the average person receives from background radiation in three years.
See the Safety page for more information about radiation dose.
Nursing mothers should wait for 24 hours after contrast material (iodine)
injection before resuming breast feeding.
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What is MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses radiofrequency
waves and a strong magnetic field to provide remarkably
clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues.
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T2 weighted
CSF-
HYPERINTENSE
T1 weighted
CFS-
HYPOINTENSE
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T1 SE
T1 FSPGR
HYPERINTENSE
Abdominal aneurysm
MRA- MIP
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Portal
Cavernoma
Gadolinium
MR angiography
Brest MRI
MRI can help physicians evaluate the function as well as the structure of
many organs.
The detail makes MRI an invaluable tool in early diagnosis and evaluation of
tumors.
MRI contrast material is less likely to produce an allergic reaction than the
iodine-based materials used for conventional x-rays and CT scanning.
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Risks
MRI may not always distinguish between tumor tissue and edema fluid and
does not detect calcium when this is present within a tumor.
In most cases the examination is safe for patients with metal implants, with
the exception of a few types of implants, so patients should inform the
technician of an implant prior to the test.
Pancreatic pseudokyst
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NHL
Liver cirrhosis.
Duodenal diverticulum
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Cerebral malformation
Lacunar infarction
Intrasellar adenoma
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Vertebral TBC
Multiple sclerosis
MRI Contraindications
Absolute
- cardiac pacemaker
- metallic implants
- fat people (130 Kg)
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