FOOD

Food does much more that satisfy your appetite. It provides nutrients that the body uses
for growth and health. There are five types of nutrients that fall into two broad categories:
macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients, which are required in large amounts,
include carbohydrates, proteins and fats. In contrast, micronutrients are required in small
amounts and include vitamins and minerals. A sixth category includes water, which is
essential to life.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have become the chief enemy to many dieters. Yet they are essential
macronutrients, since they fuel the brain and muscles. They also contain the fiber the gut
needs to properly function. Simple carbohydrates contain one or two sugars, while complex
carbohydrates are made of three or more linked sugars. Both types deliver 4 calories per
gram, but complex carbohydrates take longer to digest than simple carbohydrates and
promote satiety. Plant-based foods and whole grains are good sources of complex
carbohydrates, while simple carbohydrates abound in fruits, table sugar, honey and sweetened
processed foods.
Proteins

Proteins give structure to all cells. They also help repair tissues and fight infection. When
consumption exceeds the body's needs, protein can serve as an energy source, delivering 4
calories per gram. Twenty amino acids constitute the building blocks of proteins. Of these,
nine are essential amino acids, which must come from the diet. In contrast, the body can
make the remaining non-essential amino acids if the need arises. Animal products and
legumes are good protein sources.
Fats
Like carbohydrates and proteins, fats supply energy to fuel the processes that keep your
body alive. In contrast, however, they pack 9 calories per gram. They generally fall in one of
four categories, based on their chemical structure: monounsaturated, polyunsaturated,
saturated and trans fats. Trans fats are man-made and considered the unhealthiest because
they raise bad LDL cholesterol and lower good HDL cholesterol. Saturated fats usually come
from animal fats and tend to raise bad cholesterol, while fish oil and vegetable fats are
typically unsaturated and help lower bad cholesterol.
Vitamins
Vitamins are complex organic substances that team up with proteins called enzymes, to
help chemical reactions take place in the body. From reactions required for food absorption to
bone building and reproduction, they are involved. The Linus Pauling Institute describes 13
vitamins that the body requires for health and proper development. They vary in their specific
roles and are either water-soluble, such as vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins, or fat-
soluble, such as vitamins A, D, E or K. Fruits and vegetables are among the richest sources of
most vitamins.
Minerals
 Minerals give structure to your bones, teeth and nails. Like vitamins, they assist enzymes
in many body processes. Unlike vitamins, however, they are inorganic substances that come
from the soil, rocks and water and are absorbed by plants. Major minerals often have
recommended daily values above 250 milligrams, according to the American Dietetic
Association. Examples include calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. In contrast, the body
needs smaller amounts of trace minerals, usually less than 20 milligrams. Examples of trace
minerals include fluoride, chromium, iodine, iron, chromium and zinc. Good mineral sources
include milk, leafy vegetables and meat.
Water

Every cell and nearly all life-sustaining body processes require water to function, and the
American Dietetic Association estimates that it accounts for 45 to 75 percent of body weight.
The average adult loses 2.5 quarts or more of water daily through perspiration, urination,
bowel movements and breathing, For optimal hydration, the Institute of Medicine
recommends an average intake of 3.7 liters for adult males and 2.7 liters for women, which
should come from food and beverages.

Source : http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/5-classifications-nutrients-5646.html
 Types of Novels and Which One You Should Write
The publishing world tends to classify fiction as either commercial, meaning it's built
to make money, or as literary, meaning that it's a work of art. There's no reason why art can't
also make money, but things often don't work out that way. That's why we talk about starving
artists, and that's why commercial fiction and literary fiction are treated as separate
categories. Guess which one big publishers prefer.
Commercial fiction
Commercial fiction is divided into many genres, or categories. This kind of classification
helps readers find the types of novels they like to read. For example, readers who are mainly
interested in love stories can go straight to "Romance" section of the bookstore. Each genre
also has its own traditions. If you're interested in writing in a particular genre, it's important
to read a lot of books in that genre in order to learn more about it and understand what
readers will expect.
Some major genres:
Mysteries - A mystery is about a crime, usually a murder, and the process of discovering who
committed it. The hero(ine) is usually a detective or an amateur doing detective work
Science fiction - Science fiction is fiction that imagines possible alternatives to reality. It is
reality + "What-if." For example: What if the world ended? What if there were life on other
planets? The imaginary part of science fiction is based on known scientific facts. For
example, if there is time travel in a science fiction book, it would be done with technology,
not by waving a magic wand.
Fantasy - Like science fiction, fantasy is about imaginary worlds. But the imaginary part of
fantasy novels usually involves magic, where the imaginary part of science fiction involves
science or technology.
Westerns - Westerns normally take place in the Western U.S. (although sometimes in other
locations), most often during the 19th century. Common elements include cowboys, ranchers,
the difficulties of frontier life, frontier justice, and conflicts between natives and settlers.
Horror - Horror fiction gets its name because it is focused on creating emotions of terror and
dread in the reader. Horror fiction often accomplish this through the use of scary supernatural
elements or gore, but, according to the Horror Writers Association, these elements are not
required.
Thrillers - Like horror, a thriller gets its name because of the feeling it creates in the reader.
Thrillers are designed to make the reader's pulse race, to keep him or her turning pages. Often
thrillers are about a crime that is going to be committed or a disaster that is going to happen...
if the hero(ine) doesn't prevent it.
Romance - Romance fiction is about love and passion. Normally, the focus is on two
characters who fall in love but have problems or obstacles keeping them apart, and there is a
happy ending.
Historical - Historical novels are set in a past time period, normally at least fifty years before
they were written. They combine a made-up story with realistic details of that time period.
Read more about writing historical fiction here.
These are many other fiction genres in addition to these! And each genre has sub-genres, or
sub-categories. For example, the romance genre includes historical romances, erotic
romances, young adult romances, and more.
Literary fiction

Literary fiction is generally lumped all together in bookstores as "General Fiction" or

"Literature." Because the first priority of literary authors is creating works of art, while
selling books is only a second consideration, literary authors are less likely to think in terms
of writing a specific genre or category of novel and following the customs of that genre.
Some literary authors today write in a realistic way about the daily lives of ordinary people,
what is known as contemporary realism. Some choose to introduce an element of magic or a
spirit world in an otherwise realistic story, what is known as magical realism. Others create
works of art that incorporate the traditions of commercial fiction genres such as mysteries and
science fiction. A number of literary authors also innovate with non-traditional approaches to
story-telling, such as breaking up the order of events in the story, offering several alternative
endings, or treating the reader as a character in the book. In this type of novel, the main point
often isn't just the story itself, but also the way the story is told.

Which one should you write?

Here's my advice:
If your main goal is to make money, I'd recommend copywriting instead of fiction writing.
If goal is to publish a novel and become as rich as J.K. Rowling, then I'd say, write whatever
you want and play the lottery.
Otherwise, my advice is to write whatever you like to read. You will be better at it, will
understand your readers (because you are one of them!), and you'll have a lot more fun.
Whatever type of novel you choose, sharpen your basic writing skills to create the best fiction
you can. Normally, this means creating characters your readers care about, scenes your
readers can practically see, hear, feel, and smell, and a story that takes them on an exciting
ride from Point A to Point B. CWN's online fiction course will help you work on all of these
areas -- plus, it's free.

Source : http://www.creative-writing-now.com/types-of-novels.html