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Single-Layer Single-Patch Dual-Band and Triple-Band patch, two band notches can be introduced and a triple-band antenna
Patch Antennas results.
In [4], this new method was applied to the cases when the original
Wing Chi Mok, Sai Hoi Wong, Kwai Man Luk, and Kai Fong Lee broadband antennas was (1) a L-probe fed patch; (2) a M-probe fed
patch; (3) coax-fed stacked patches; and (4) aperture coupled stacked
patches. All these cases involve either relatively complicated feeds or
AbstractRecently, it was shown that a dual- or triple-band patch an- more than one layer or more than one patch.
tenna can be designed by cutting U-slots in the patch of a broadband an- In this communication, we apply the method to the case when the
tenna, and the method was applied to the L-probe fed patch, the M-probe original broadband antenna is a coax-fed U-slot patch. This design has
fed patch, coax-fed stacked patches, and aperture coupled stacked patches.
All these cases involve either a rather complicated feed, or more than one the advantages of simplicity of the feed as well as having only one layer
patch, or more than one layer. In this communication, this method is ap- and only one patch.
plied to a broadband U-slot patch antenna. When one additional U-slot
patch is cut in the patch, a dual-band antenna results. When two additional II. SIMULATION RESULTS
U-slot patches are cut in the patch, a triple-band antenna results. The ad-
vantages of the resultant configurations are (1) the feed is simple and (2) the We first show simulation results to illustrate the main features of the
structures remain single-layer and single-patch. Both simulation and mea- method. Experimental results are presented in Section III.
surement results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this design. The first step in the design is to come up with the U-slot which pro-
Index TermsDual-band antennas, multi-band antennas, patch an- vides the broadband characteristics, using existing information avail-
tennas. able in the literature [5], [6]. For the U-slots that provide the notches,
the total lengths of the slots are about half the wavelengths of the re-
spective notch frequencies, which was established in [3]. The locations
I. INTRODUCTION of these U-slots do not affect the notch frequencies, and are chosen to
In some applications in wireless communications, it is desirable to give the best impedance matches arrived at by using the simulation
design a patch antenna covering two or three frequency bands which software Mentor Graphics IE3D.
are close to each other. For example, a base station antenna may be Following the above procedure, we arrive at the geometry of the
required to simultaneously provide wireless access services for both broadband U-slot patch antenna shown in Fig. 1(a), with the dimen-
WCDMA (1.92 2.17 GHz) and WiMAX (2.50 2.69 GHz), while sions given in Table I, Antenna 1a. Air is used as the substrate, with
rejecting most of the frequencies between the two bands. The ratio of the patch supported by the probe. Simulation results of reflection coef-
the center frequencies in this example is 1.27. If the antenna is to cover ficient and gain of this antenna are given by the solid curves in Fig. 2
the middle band of WiMAX (3.33.7 GHz) as well, a triple band an- and Fig. 3 respectively. This antenna has an impedance bandwidth of
tenna is desirable. The frequency ratios in this second example are 1.27 about 33%.
and 1.71. A second U-slot is now cut on the patch (Fig. 1(b)). The purpose
For dual-band patch antennas with small frequency ratios, an effec- of this U-slot is not for broadbanding purposes, but to introduce a
tive design is that of stacked patches, first reported by Long and Walton band notch within the broadband antenna. With dimensions of the an-
[1]. By adjusting the relative sizes of the upper and lower circular discs, tenna shown in Table I, Antenna 1b, simulation results of reflection
a dual band antenna with frequency ratios ranging from 1.11 to 1.18 coefficient and gain are given by the starred curves in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
was demonstrated. The radiation at the two bands are of the same linear respectively. Note that several of the dimensions of the first slot has
polarization and the patterns are similar. been slightly modified. The antenna is now a dual-band antenna, with
The stacked patch design can be extended to more than two bands. a band from 3.75 GHz to 4.05 GHz and another band from 5.0 GHz to
In [2], a five band patch antenna was demonstrated using five stacked 5.75 GHz. The ratio of the two center frequencies is 1.38. Simulation
patches. The frequency ratios of successive bands to the first band were: radiation patterns of the broadband antenna (one U-slot) and the dual-
1.113, 1.195, 1.280, 1.4. band antenna (two U-slots) are given in Figs. 4 and 5 respectively.
Recently, a new approach to designing dual and triple band patch an- Next, a third U-slot is cut on the patch (Fig. 1(c)). The purpose of this
tenna with small frequency ratios was introduced [3], [4]. The method U-slot is to introduce a second band notch within the broad band. With
starts with a broadband antenna. When a suitably located U-slot of the dimensions of the antenna shown in Table I, Antenna 1c, simulation
appropriate dimensions is cut in the patch, it introduces a band notch results of reflection coefficient and gain are given by the dashed curves
at a frequency within the original broadband. The broadband antenna in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively. The antenna is now a triple-band an-
is turned into a dual-band antenna. When a second U-slot is cut in the tenna: 3.53.75 GHz, 4.855.2 GHz, 5.55.7 GHz.
The center frequency ratios are and .
Simulation radiation patterns are shown in Fig. 6.
Manuscript received August 15, 2012; revised March 10, 2013; accepted
April 19, 2013. Date of publication May 16, 2013; date of current version July
The results of Fig. 3 verify the relationship that the total lengths of
31, 2013. the notch slots are about half the wavelengths of the respective notch
W. C. Mok, S. H. Wong, and K. M. Luk are with the Department of Electronic frequencies. Our results (not shown for brevity) also show that the fre-
Engineering, City University of Hong Kong. quency ratios are insensitive to the widths of these slots. However, we
K. F. Lee is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, The University
have not yet been able to obtain design formulas relating the frequency
of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA (e-mail: leek@olemiss.edu).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this communication are avail- ratios to the various dimensions. This is due to the complicated interac-
able online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. tions between the slots. An extensive data base obtained from numer-
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2013.2260516 ical solutions of these structures is needed to obtain design formulas,
Fig. 5. Simulated radiation patterns of the dual band antenna: (a) 3.8 GHz and
(b) 5.2 GHz. ( H-Co, H-x, E-Co, E-x).
Fig. 9. Measured radiation patterns of antenna 1(b): (a) 3.8 GHz and (b) 5.2
Fig. 6. Simulated radiation patterns of the triple-band antenna: (a) 3.7 GHz, GHz. (H: , , E: , Co-pol: blue lines
(b) 4.95 GHz and (c) 5.5 GHz ( H-Co, H-x, E-Co, E-x). and X-pol: red lines).
4344 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 61, NO. 8, AUGUST 2013
REFERENCES
[1] S. A. Long and W. D. Walton, A dual-frequency stacked microstrip
circular-disc antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. AP 27, no.
3, pp. 270273, 1979.
[2] J. Anguera, G. Font, C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, Multifre-
Fig. 10. Measured radiation patterns of antenna 1(c): (a) 3.7 GHz, (b) 4.95 GHz quency microstrip patch antenna using multiple stacked elements,
and (c) 5.55 GHz. ( , , , Co-pol: blue IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 123124,
lines and X-pol: red lines). 2003.
[3] K. F. Lee, S. L. S. Yang, and A. Kishk, Dual- and multi-band U-slot
patch antennas, IEEE Antennas Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 7, pp.
645648, 2008.
[4] K. F. Lee, K. M. Luk, K. M. Mak, and S. L. S. Yang, On the use of
U-slots in the design of dual-and triple-band patch antennas, IEEE
Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 53, pp. 6074, Jun. 2011.
[5] S. Weigand, G. H. Huff, K. H. Pan, and J. T. Bernhard, Analysis and
design of broad-band single-layer rectangular U-slot microstrip patch
antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 457468,
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[6] K. F. Lee and K. M. Luk, Microstrip Patch Antennas. London, U.K.:
Imperial College Express, 2010, ch. 10.
Fig. 11. Measured and simulated gains of antennas 1(b) and 1(c).
used in the simulation are slightly different from the actual values of
antenna. Some of the discrepancies could also be attributed to the tol-
erances associated with the fabrication process, as well as to measure-
ment errors.