# Short Term

1 VDSL Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line

2 coaxial cable

3 DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

4 nuts5 areas

5 Dark Fiber

6 LLU Local loop unbundling

7 FTTx

8 G.fast

9 Vectoring

10 PON passive optical network (PON)

11 AON vs PON Active Optical Network vs Passive

12 OLT optical line termination

13 DSLAM digital subscriber line access multiplexer

14 FTTH vs. DOCSIS vs. VDSL

15 EMI Electromagnetic Interference

Difference between coaxial cable, twised pair, microwave

16
and fiber optics

17 ILEC Incumbent local exchange carrier

18 CLEC competitive local exchange carrier

19 ONT Optical Network Terminal

20 MSO multi-system operator

21 Ethenet vs Fiber
22 DSLAM digital subscriber line access multiplexer

23 BTOP Broadband Technology Opportunities Program

NETWORK
24 Network Group
GRP

25 FDT Fiber Distribution Terminal

26 FDH Fiber Distribution Hub

27 Patch Cord

28 FlexNAP FlexNAP Terminal Distribution System

29 MSTs MultiPort Terminal

30 Optitap(Connector for Drop Cable)

31 Competitor Senko

32 ISDN Integrated Services for Digital Network

33 WAN wide area network

34 Frame relay

35 SONET Synchronous Optical Networking

36 SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

37 WDM Wavelength-division multiplexing

38 DWDM Dense WDM

39 COLO colocation centre

40 HAVC heating, ventilating, and air conditioning

41 BAS Building Automation System

42 PoE Power Over Ethernet

43 MDF Main Distribution Frame

44 IDF intermediate distribution frame

45 Hybrid Colo

46 CRAN Cloud RAN(Radia Access Network)

47 Het Net Heterogeneous network

48 LAN vs WAN vs WLAN

49 LAN WLAN Design

50 FITL Fiber in the Loop

51 Interoffice loop feeder

52 HFC Hybrid Fiber-coaxial cable

53 DSH Synchronous digital hiearachy

54 SONET Synchronous optical network

55 OM1,OM2,OM3

56 OTT over-the-top content (OTT)

57 4K resolution 4K resolution

ICIC (Inter-cell interference coordination)eICIC

58 ICIC
(enhanced Inter-cell interference coordination)

59 SI & VAR System integrator & Value-added reseller

60 ND&I Network design & installation

61 Bandwidth vs speed

62 MVNO Mobile virtual network operator

63 WDM wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM

64 SAN Switch storage-area network (SAN) switch

65 VAM TE Value Added Module

 Switch ManagSwitch Management platform (Core VSM)
66 VSM
ement platform (Core VSM)

67 IDC Insulation Displacement Connector(IDC) Jacks

68 Co-ops Electric cooperatives

69 PBX (Private Branch Exchange)

70 UC Unified Communication

71 10G BASE T

stands for Coordinated Multipoint Transmission

72 CoMP
(telecommunications)

73 MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output

74 C- RAN Cloud-RAN, Centralized-RAN

75 TCO total cost of ownership

76 NFV Network function virtualization

77 VNF Virtualized network functions

78 NFVI Network function virtualization infrastructure

Network functions virtualization management and

79 NFV-MANO
orchestration architectural framework

FCA Free Carrier

DDP Delivery Duty Paid

LPWAN Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN)

NB-IOT

CAT_M

MNVO Mobile virtual network operator

aDefinition
digital subscriber line (DSL) technology providing data transmission faster than ADSL over a single flat untwisted or
twisted pair of copper wires (up to 52 Mbit/s downstream and 16 Mbit/s upstream),[2] and on coaxial cable (up to 85
Mbit/s down- and upstream)[3] using the frequency band from 25 kHz to 12 MHz.[4] These rates mean that VDSL is
capable of supporting applications such as high-definition television, as well as telephone services (voice over IP) and
general Internet access, over a single connection. VDSL is deployed over existing wiring used for analog telephone
Coaxial cable,
service and or coax (pronounced
lower-speed 'ko.ks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular
DSL connections.
insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.
an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-speed data transfer to an existing cable
TV (CATV) system. It is employed by many cable television operators to provide Internet access (see cable Internet)
over their existing hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) infrastructure.
which are areas where population density is often more than 500 inhabitants per km
A dark fibre or unlit fibre is an unused optical fibre, available for use in fibre-optic communication.

The term dark fibre was originally used when referring to the potential network capacity of telecommunication
Local loop unbundling
infrastructure, but now (LLU or LLUB)
also refers to the isincreasingly
the regulatory process
common of allowing
practice multiple
of leasing fibretelecommunications operators to
optic cables from a network
use connections from the telephone exchange to the customer's premises. The physical
service provider, or, generally, to the fibre installations not owned or controlled by traditional carriers. wire connection between the
local exchange and the customer is known as a "local loop", and is owned by the incumbent local exchange carrier (also
referred to as the "ILEC", "local exchange", or in the United States either a "Baby Bell" or an independent telephone
Fiber to theTo
company). x (FTTX)
increaseiscompetition,
a generic term forproviders
other any broadband network
are granted architecture
unbundled using optical fiber to provide all or part
access.
of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications. The term is a generalization for several configurations of fiber
deployment, ranging from FTTN (fiber to the neighborhood) to FTTD (fiber to the desktop).
G.fast must be capable of ultra-high speeds, which entails extending the frequency spectrum. A wider frequency band
Vectoring
results in aishigher
a transmission
access speed.method VDSL2that employs
currentlythe coordination
works on 17 MHz of line
or 30signals
MHz, for reduction
while of crosstalk
G.fast will work onlevels
106 MHzand or
improvement
even 212 MHz. ofOf
performance.
course, the Itfrequency
is based on the concept
spectrum cannot ofbe
noise cancellation,
extended much like noise-cancelling headphones.
infinitely
One way ofG.993.5
The ITU-T providing fiber to "Self-FEXT
standard, the home is through a Gigabit
cancellation Passive
(vectoring) forOptical
use withNetwork,
VDSL2ortransceivers"
GPON (pronounced 'djee-
(2010), also known
pon').
as G.vector, describes vectoring for VDSL2. The scope of Recommendation ITU-T G.993.5 is specifically limited to the
GPON
self-FEXTis a (far-end
point-to-multipoint access mechanism.
crosstalk) cancellation Its main characteristic
in the downstream and upstream is the use of passive
directions. The farsplitters in the (FEXT)
end crosstalk fiber
distribution
generated by a group of near-end transceivers and interfering with the far-end transceivers of that same group is and
Passive network,
optical enabling
networks, or one
PONs, single
have feeding
some fiber
distinct from the
advantages. provider's
They're central office
efficient, in to
that serve
each multiple
fiber optichomes
strand can
small
serve businesses.
up to 32 users. PONs have a low building cost relative to active optical networks
cancelled. This cancellation takes place between VDSL2 transceivers, not necessarily of the same profile.[4][5] along with lower maintenance
GPON has a downstream
costs. Because there are few capacity
moving of or
2.488 Gb/s and
electrical parts,anthere's
upstream capacity
simply of 1.244
less that can goGbp/s
wrong that
inisa PON.
shared among users.
Encryption is used to keep each user's data secured and private from other users.
Passive optical networks also have some disadvantages. They have less range than an active optical network, Although there are other technologies
meaning
that could provide fiber to the home, passive optical networks (PONs) like GPON are generally
subscribers must be geographically closer to the central source of the data. PONs also make it difficult to isolate considered the strongest
a failure
candidate
when theyfor widespread
occur. deployments.
Also, because the bandwidth in a PON is not dedicated to individual subscribers, data transmission
speed
opticalmay
lineslow downisduring
terminal, peak
a device usageserves
which timesas inthe
an effect
serviceknown
provideras latency.
endpointLatency quickly
of a passive degrades
optical services such as
network.
audio and video, which need a smooth rate to maintain quality.
network
A coaxialdevice, often located
cable consists in telephone
of a copper exchanges,
wire core covered that
by anconnects multiple
insulating customer
material digital
and a layer of subscriber
conductingline (DSL)over
material
interfaces to a high-speed digital communications channel using multiplexing techniques
that.
This is generally used for CATV (cable TV) and broadband Internet. This has high bandwidth. This requires repeaters.
Cable: Coax Cable not copper wire
A twisted pair consists of two copper wires twisted around each other (each has its own insulation around it) like a
double helix.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is a term used to designate interference in a electrical device or cable caused by
This
another electricalused
is generally forortelephone
device cable. wires. Their bandwidth is not as high as coaxial cables. This also requires repeaters.
This is not affected too much by EMI due to the outer conducting layer which acts as a shield.

Microwaves are high frequency radio waves used mainly for long distance communication and Satellite communication.
This requires repeaters too. This is not susceptible to EMI in the sense that any interfering signal on the transmission
An
pathincumbent local
has no effect onexchange carrier (ILEC),
what is received. Howeveris aiflocal
theretelephone company
is an interfering in theaimed
source United States
at the that was
receiver, theindata
existence
can be at
all
the time This
garbled. of theisbreakup
as fast asofyou
AT&T
caninto the Regional
go with radio waves.Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs)
A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States, is a telecommunications provider company
(sometimes
Fiber optics called a "carrier")
uses light competing over
waves transmitted with optical
other, already established
fibers for carriers They
communication. (generally
have the
veryincumbent local
high bandwidth.
exchange
Repeaters carrier (ILEC)).
are required. However as compared to the first two modes listed above, the repeaters required are lesser.
This mode of communication is least susceptible to EMI. This is the fastest of the lot. However the speed is limited by
Optical Network Terminal (ONT) is a type of NID used with fiber-to-the-premises applications.
the electronic circuits that receive and decode the signals.
A multiple-system operator or multi-system operator (MSO) is an operator of multiple cable or direct-broadcast satellite
television systems

Ethenet is just copper

A digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM, often pronounced dee-slam) is a network device, often located in
telephone exchanges, that connects multiple customer digital subscriber line (DSL) interfaces to a high-speed digital
communications channel using multiplexing techniques.[1]

Network Group' is just an arbitrary name for a level in the network hierarchy between vertical (e.g., Access Networks)
and the lowest-level network types (e.g., FTTH SFU Passed)
3:47 PM

A patch cable or patch cord or patch lead is an electrical or optical cable used to connect ("patch-in") one electronic or
optical device to another for signal routing. Devices of different types (e.g., a switch connected to a computer, or a
switch to a router) are connected with patch cords.
Particularly suited to Greenfield FTTH deployments, Corning
The
Zoom OptiSheath MultiPort Terminal is designed for use in outside plant fiber access networks. This innovative terminal
provides
OptiTapsealed environmental
1F, OptiTap protection
to OptiTap, andGel-Free
Toneable, fast, easyCable
incremental connection
Assembly, of subscriber
Single-mode dropftcables while
(OS2), 150
increasing deployment velocity. Its more
Part Number: 434301EB1TR150F-P

As an industry leader in optical connectivity products, Corning designs and manufactures the ROC drop cable
assembly with factory-terminated,
Japanese Optical environmentally sealed and hardened connectors to reduce the cost and time of drop
Component manufacturer
cable
set of deployment.
communicationCorning OptiTap
standards connector design
for simultaneous digitalprovides superior
transmission durability
of voice, video,and reliability
data, in the
and other drop segment
network services
of the network. This new assembly also offers significant improvements in cable management.
over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red
book.[1] Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services
available for data.
A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links
across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines
is a standardized wide area network technology that specifies the physical and logical link layers of digital
telecommunications channels using a packet switching methodology. Originally designed for transport across Integrated
Services Digital Network (ISDN) infrastructure, it may be used today in the context of many other network interfaces.
are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or
highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or
highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a number
of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e., colors) of laser light.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) refers originally to optical signals multiplexed within the 1550 nm
band so as to leverage the capabilities (and cost) of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which are effective for
wavelengths
A colocation between
centre orapproximately 15251565
colocation center nm (C
(also spelled band), or 15701610
co-location, collocation,nm (L or
colo, band).
coloc) is a type of data centre
where equipment, space, and bandwidth are available for rental to retail customers. Colocation facilities provide space,
power, cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipment of other firmsand connect
them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providerswith a minimum of cost and complexity.
HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its
goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality
Building automation is the goal that a Building Management System or a (more recent terminology) Building
Automation System (BAS) attempts to achieve. Both are examples of a distributed control system - the computer
networking
Power over of electronic
Ethernet devices
or PoE designed
describes to monitor
any of and control the
several standardized mechanical,
or ad-hoc systemssecurity,
whichfire
passand flood safety,
electrical powerlighting
along
(especially emergency lighting), HVAC and humidity control and ventilation systems in a building.[1
with data on Ethernet cabling. This allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electrical power to devices
such as wireless access points or IP cameras. Unlike standards such as Universal Serial Bus which also power devices
over the data cables,
In telephony, PoE allows long
a main distribution framecable
(MDF lengths. Power
or main may
frame) is be carried
a signal on the same
distribution conductors
frame as the data,
for connecting or it may
equipment
be carried on dedicated conductors in the same cable.
(inside plant) to cables and subscriber carrier equipment (outside plant). The MDF is a termination point within the local
telephone exchange where exchange equipment and terminations of local loops are connected by jumper wires at the
MDF
An intermediate distribution frame (IDF) is a distribution frame in a central office or customer premises, which cross-
connects the user cable media to individual user line circuits and may serve as a distribution point for multipair cables
from the main distribution frame (MDF) or combined distribution frame (CDF) to individual cables connected to
The hybrid in
equipment colo offers
areas customers
remote options
from these in how they provision four key infrastructure components: The main utility
frames.
(switch gear and utility service), the generator plant, the UPS plant and the cooling plant. This approach was developed
C-RAN,
to addressi.e. Cloud-RAN,
users that didntsometimes
want to bealso referred
a colo as Centralized-RAN,
customer, allowing them theis option
a new to
cellular network
own and architecture
control the piecesfor the
they
future mobile
want, even network
with their infrastructure. It was first introduced by China Mobile Research Institute in April 2010 in Beijing,
money.
China.[1] Simply speaking, C-RAN is a centralized, cloud computing based new radio access network (commonly known
A
as heterogeneous
cellular network)network is a network
architecture connecting
that can computers
support 2G, 3G, 4G and other
system devices
and future with different
wireless operating systems
communication and/or
standards. Its
protocols. For example, local area networks (LANs) that connect Microsoft Windows and Linux based
name comes from the four 'C's in the main characters of C-RAN system, which are "Clean, Centralized processing, personal
computers
Collaborativewithradio,
Apple Macintosh
and real-timecomputers
Cloud Radio areAccess
heterogeneous.[1][2]
Network".[2] The word heterogeneous network is also used in
wireless networks using different access technologies. For example, a wireless network which provides a service
LAN = Local
through Area LAN
a wireless Networkand (computers in your the
is able to maintain house networked
service together) to a cellular network is called a wireless
when switching
WLAN = Wireless
heterogeneous network.Local Area Network (computers in your house networked together without a cable)
WAN = Wide Area Network (eg. connection to your ISP)

In broadcasting, over-the-top content (OTT) refers to delivery of audio, video, and other media over the Internet without
Multi-mode optical
the involvement of afiber, OM3/OM4 support
multiple-system operator40G/100G ethernet
in the control or distribution of the content. The Internet provider may be
aware of the contents of the Internet Protocol packets but is not responsible for, nor able to control, the viewing abilities,
copyrights, and/or other redistribution of the content. This model contrasts with the purchasing or rental of video or
audio content from an Internet service provider (ISP), such as pay television video on demand or an IPTV video service,
likeresolution,
4K AT&T U-Verse. OTT in
also called particular
4K2K, refersrefers to content
to a display devicethatorarrives from
content a third
having party, such
horizontal as Amazon
resolution Instant
on the orderVideo,
of 4,000
Dramatize,Several
pixels.[1] DramaFever, Crackle,exist
4K resolutions HBO,inHulu, myTV,
the fields NetD, Netflix,
of digital televisionNow
andTV, Qello,
digital RPI TV, Viewster,
cinematography. In theWhereverTV,
movie or
WWE Network,
projection andDigital
industry, is delivered
Cinemato an end-user(DCI)
Initiatives device, leaving
is the the ISP
dominant 4Konly the role of transporting IP packets.
standard.
eICIC introduces concept of "Almost blank subframe" (ABS). ABS subframes do not send any traffic channels and are
mostly control channel frames with very low power. If macro cell configure ABS subframes then UEs connected to
pico/femto cells can send their data during such ABS frames and avoid interference from macro cell (see the figure)

bandwith is not speed

A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), or mobile other licensed operator (MOLO) is a wireless communications
services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which the MVNO provides services to its
customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator to obtain bulk access to network
services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing
support
In systems,
fiber-optic marketing andwavelength-division
communications, sales personnel or it multiplexing
may employ the services
(WDM) is aof a mobile virtual
technology network enabler
which multiplexes a number
(MVNE).[1]
of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e., colors) of laser light. This
technique enables bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber, as well as multiplication of capacity.

including splitter and WDM, but the rationale behind this are different. Splitter has same signal,but WDM has difference
wavelength signal.
What Is An Electric Cooperative?

are private, not-for-profit businesses governed by their consumers (known as consumer-members). Two federal
requirements for all co-ops, including electric co-ops, are democratic governance and operation at cost. Specifically,
10GBASE-T[edit]
every consumer-member can vote to choose local boards that oversee the co-op, and the co-op must, with few
10GBASE-T, or IEEE 802.3an-2006, is a standard released in 2006 to provide 10 Gbit/s connections over unshielded or
exceptions, return to consumer-members revenue above what is needed for operation. Under this structure, electric co-
shielded
A twisted Branch
pair cables, over distances up to 100 metres telephone
(330 ft).[31] Categoryto6a theis Public
required to reachTelephone
the full
opsPBX (Private
provide Exchange)
economic benefits is a local
to their system that connects
communities extensions
rather than distant stockholders. Switched
distance
Networkof 100
and metres internal
provides (330 ft) communication
and category 6 may for areach a distance
business. An IPof 55 metres
PBX is a PBX (180
with ft)Internet
depending on theconnectivity
Protocol quality of
installation,
and may determined
provide onlyaudio,
additional after re-testing
video, or to 500 MHz.
instant 10GBASE-T
messaging cable infrastructure
communication utilizing the can
TCP/IPalsoprotocol
be used for
The majority
Unified of co-ops distribute
Communications (UC) electricity
isupgrade
a marketing to buzzword
consumersdescribing
through low-voltage
the integrationresidential lines that
oftoreal-time, cover more than 75
enterprise,
1000BASE-T
stack.VoIP allowing
gateways can a be
gradual
combined with from 1000BASE-T
traditional using autonegotiation
PBX functionality to allow select which
businesses to use speed
their to use. Due to
percent of
communication the nations
services land
suchmass.
as Many
instant of these
messaging distribution
(chat), co-ops,
presence as theyre
information, called,
voice have joined
(including to create co-ops
IP telephony), that
mobility
additional
managed encoding
intranet to overhead,
help reduce 10GBASE-T
long distance hasexpenses
a slightly higher
and take latency
advantage in comparison
of the benefits to most
of a other
single 10GBASE
network for voice
provide
features them with generation and transmission services. Distribution co-ops also buy power from investor-owned
data (including
variants,
and
utilities,
in the range
(converged
public
extension
powernetwork).
systems,
mobility
2 to 4 microseconds
An IP PBX
federal
andcompared
single
may
hydropower
number
also provide
power
reach),
to 1 to 12
CTI audio, web &
microseconds
features.An
marketing IPvideo
on PBX
administrations
conferencing,
1000BASE-T.[32][33]
can
and exist fixed-mobile
As ofhardware
as a physical
the Tennessee
2010
Valley call
convergence
10GBASE-T
device (FMC),desktop
silicon
or in software. is sharing,
available from data sharing
several (including
manufacturers web connected
[34][35][36][37] electronic
with claimedinteractive
power whiteboards),
dissipation of 34 W
Authority.
control and widths
speech of recognition with non-real-time communication services such as to unified
at structure 40 nm, and with 28 nm in development, power will continue decline.[38]
messaging
10GBASE-T (integrated voicemail,
uses the IEC 60603-7 e-mail,
8P8CSMS and fax).
(commonly UC isasnot
known necessarily
RJ45) connectors a single product,
already widely butused
a setwith
of products
Ethernet.that
provides a consistent unified user-interface and user-experience across multiple devices
Transmission characteristics are now specified to 500 MHz. To reach this frequency Category 6A or better balanced and media-types. [1]

twisted pair cables specified in ISO/IEC 11801 amendment 2 or ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 are needed to carry 10GBASE-T up
to distances
stands of 100 m. Category
for Coordinated Multipoint 6 cables can carry
Transmission 10GBASE-T for shorter distances when qualified according to the
(telecommunications)
guidelines in ISO TR 24750 or TIA-155-A.
The 802.3an standard specifies the wire-level modulation for 10GBASE-T to be Tomlinson-Harashima precoded (THP)
At one time in wireless
pulse-amplitude the term
modulation withMIMO
16 discrete referred
levelsto(PAM-16),
the mainlyencoded
theoretical
in a use of multiple antennas
two-dimensional at both pattern
checkerboard the transmit
known as DSQ128 sent on the line at 800 Msymbols/sec.[39][40] Prior to precoding, forward error correction (FEC)
coding is(Cloud-RAN),
C-RAN performed using a [2048,1723]2
sometimes referredlow-density parity-check iscode
to as Centralized-RAN, on 1723architecture
a proposed bits, with the forparity
futurecheck
cellularmatrix
construction based on a generalized ReedSolomon [32,2,31] code over GF(26).[40] Another 1536 bits are uncoded.
networks
Within each 1723+1536 block, there are 1+50+8+1 signaling and error detection bits and 3200 data bits (and occupying
320 ns on the line). By contrast PAM-5 is the modulation technique used in 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet.

In computer science, network function virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses the technologies
of IT virtualization to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain
together, to create communication services.
1. Virtualized network functions (VNFs) are software implementations of network functions that can be deployed on a
network function virtualization infrastructure (NFVI).
2. Network function virtualization infrastructure (NFVI) is the totality of all hardware and software components that
build the environment where VNFs are deployed. The NFV infrastructure can span several locations. The network
providing
3. Networkconnectivity between these
functions virtualization locations isand
management regarded as part of
orchestration the NFV infrastructure.
architectural framework (NFV-MANO Architectural
Framework) is the collection of all functional blocks, data repositories used by these blocks, and reference points and
interfaces through which these functional blocks exchange information for the purpose of managing and orchestrating
NFVI and VNFs
Shipping Price Terminology

Shipping Price Terminology - with a mark up based on Free carrier price

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) or Low-Power Network (LPN) is a type of wireless telecommunication
network designed to allow long range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as
sensors operated on a battery.[1][2]
Narrow-Band IOT (NB-IOT) is a technology being standardized by the 3GPP standards body. This technology is a
narrowband radio technology specially designed for the Internet of Things (IoT), hence its name. Special focus of this
standard are on indoor coverage, low cost, long battery life and large number of devices. This technology can be
deployed in GSM and LTE spectrum.[1][2][3][4]

A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), or mobile other licensed operator (MOLO), is a wireless communications
services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which the MVNO provides services to its
customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator to obtain bulk access to network
services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently.
Extended Reading Link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-high-bit-rate_digital_subscriber_line

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS

ABI Research

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fibre

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local-loop_unbundling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x

http://www.huawei.com/ilink/us/solutions/broader-smarter/morematerial-b/HW_278065

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-high-bit-rate_digital_subscriber_line_2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_optical_network

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-to-the-home2.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_line_termination

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line_access_multiplexer

http://seekingalpha.com/article/123734-ftth-vs-docsis-vs-vdslhttp://htcplus.net/fyi/fyi-fibervscoax.pdfhttp://fiberforall.org/fiber-vs-cable-vs-d

http://www.telecomabc.com/e/emi.html

,http://www.ehow.com/about_5517261_coaxial-vs-twisted-pair-cable.html,https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070710081543

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent_local_exchange_carrier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_local_exchange_carrier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_device

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-system_operator

http://www.businessbee.com/resources/news/operations-buzz/buzzbattle-ethernet-vs-fiber-basics/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line_access_multiplexer

https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=BTOP

http://www.broadbandsoho.com/FTTx_Tutorial.htm

http://www.broadbandsoho.com/FTTx_Tutorial.htm

http://www.corning.com/opcomm/emea/en/applications/ftth/FlexNap.aspx

http://catalog.corning.com/opcomm/en-US/catalog/MasterProduct.aspx?cid=&pid=21181

http://catalog.corning.com/opcomm/en-US/catalog/ProductDetails.aspx?cid=&pid=20688&vid=25525

http://www.senko.com/corporate/senko-group-history.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_Relay

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-division_multiplexing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-division_multiplexing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colocation_centre

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31ml_ngJZs4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_distribution_frame
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_distribution_frame

http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/04/04/the-evolution-of-datasite-marietta-company-building-out-colo-space/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-RAN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous_network

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-lan-wan-wireless-routers-73466.html

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Medium_Enterprise_Design_Profile/MEDP/chap4.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiber

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-top_content

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution

http://4g-lte-world.blogspot.com/2012/06/icic-and-eicic.html

http://www.starhub.com/personal/support/broadband/home-broadband/broadband-101/bandwidth-vs-speed.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_virtual_network_operator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength-division_multiplexing

http://www.computerweekly.com/podcast/SAN-switching-How-to-configure-a-SAN-switch

http://www.te.com/en/industries/telecom-networks-north-america/browse-products/fiber-infrastructure/splitters-and-
vams/wwdm-modules.html
http://www.nreca.coop/about-electric-cooperatives/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_PBX

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_communications

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Gigabit_Ethernet

http://www.acronymfinder.com/Coordinated-Multipoint-Transmission-(telecommunications)-(CoMP).html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-RAN

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_function_virtualization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_function_virtualization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_function_virtualization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_function_virtualization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoterms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoterms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPWAN

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_virtual_network_operator
# Short Term Definition
Extended Reading Link
1 ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
 Short Full Property Distance

Full length but up

UTP Unshield Twisted Pair Copper
to 10G

Coax Cable <5m

100 ~ 500 M
MM Multi Mode Fiber Fiber depending on
speed
more popular,
unlimited
SM Single Mode Fiber Fiber
bandwidth and
distance
AOC Active Optical Cable Fiber <5m

Remark
CX4 Small Form-Factor Pluggable Module 5m
UTP 100m
AOC Multiple parralleled optical fiber with permenant attached wi
MM 10G LC connector
40G 4/10G Channels MPO Connec4 transmit, 4 receiv
100G 10/10G Channels MPO Connec10 transmit, 10 rece
SM 1 pair, long reach LC Connect1 Transmit , 1 recei
CWDM: Cross Wavelength Devision Multiplexing
 Pro Cons 1G 10G
more power
consumption,
Cheaper, Cat 5E Cat 6A
Cat 8 above
cross talking
CX Cx-4, SFP+

cheaper transceiver, expensive

OM2/3/4 OM3/4
lower power consumption cabling
expensive
cheaper cabling transerver than OS1/2 OS1/2
MM
No Testing
SFP+
required

Speed
4 small coax cables
Cat 6A is best choice Up to 10G
No Testing required

MPO connector has 12-pin whole. So 4 will not be used

MPO connector has 36-pin 4w* 25G in development
Great simplified cable management
 40G 100G Usage

Cat 8(short length but

? EoR - connect racks
more power)

CR4 CR10, CR4

For 40G/100G,More
OM3/4, parallel 8 fibers OM3/4 parallel 20 fibers power loss with MPO
Connector

OS1/2 CWDM OS1/2 CWDM better for 40G/100G

swithes, servers that

QSFP+/SFP+ CXP
use SFP recepticals