Liquid Penetrant Te Questions & An The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.Copyright © 2010 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing. ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. (ASNT) is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information herein, Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do. not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the expressed prior written permission of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. IRRSP, NDT Handbook, The NDT Technician and www.asnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc, ACCP, ASNT, Level If Study Guide, Motertals Evaluation, Nondestructve Testing Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and NDE ate registered trademarks of The American Society for Nondestuctive Testing, In. @ first printing 1996 second printing with revisions 02/03, third printing 08/06 fourth printing with corrections 03/09 ‘Second edition first printing 1/11 Errata, if available for this printing, may be obtained from ASNT’s web site, www.asnt.org, ISBN-13: 978-1-S7117-214-3 Printed in the United States of America Published by: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Ine. 1711 Asfingate Lane Columbus, OH 43228-0518 www.asntorg Edited by: Cynthia M. Leeman, Educational Materials Supervisor Assisted by: Bob Conklin, Educational Materials Editor ‘Tim Jones, Senior Manager of Publications ASNT Mission Statement ASNT exists 0 create a safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nondestructive esting.® Contents Acknowledgments Recommended References Reference Usage Level 1 Questions Level II Questions Level Ilf Questions vi 17 27z Acknowledgments ASNT wishes to thank those who essisted with the update of this edition of the Supplement to Recommended to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method. The following contributors assisted with the review of this book including updating old questions, writing new questions, updating references: Gina Caudill Karl Fogleman William Milan David Moore Ron Oravec Luis Payano Robert Plumstead Sam RobinsonRecommended References Liquid Penetrant Testing Method The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book. The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book. A* Tracy, Noct A, technical editor, Pattick 0. Moore, editor, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, third edition: Volume 2, Liquid Penetrant Testing, Columbus, OH, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 1999. B.* Badger, Duane, Liquid Penetrant Testing Classroom Training Book, Columbus, OH, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc, 2005. * Metals Handbook, ninth edition, Nondestructive Evaluation and Quality Control, Volume 17, Metals Park, OH, ‘American Society for Metals. 1989. * Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. Each question found in this book is followed by letter(s) and page number(s) indicating the specific recommended reference where the answer may bé found. For example: 28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small ‘openings such as cracks or fissures is: a. saturation ». capillary action ©. blotting, d. wetting agent c2a In this example, the letter “C” refers to Reference C in the list above and “21 is the specific page in Reference C where the answer to the question is located. * avallabie form The American Sooty for Nondestructive Testing noReference Usage Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Reference A: Total = 207 Reference C: Total=1 Level | 93, Level | 4 Level I 60 Level tt 0 Level it 54 Level ith 0 Reference B: Total = 24 Level | 15 Level I 8 Level It 1® Level I Questions Level | Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Which one of the following conditions will affect the rate and the extent a liquid Penetrant will enter cracks, fissures and ‘other small openings? 4. the hardness of the specimen being tested b. the surface condition of the specimen being tested . the color of the penetrant 4. the conductivity ofthe specimen being tested aae2 Which of the following is a commonly used classification for penetrant? post-emulsifiable penetrant nonferrous penetrant chemical etch penetrant nonaqueous penetrant Aaa ‘A generally accepted method for removing excess nonwater-washable enettant is a. repeatedly dipping the test specimen ina cleaner b. soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water ©. blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with compressed air ing and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleanct- dampened cloth Aas Allof the following parts can be tested by the liquid penetrant method excepts an iron casting, an aluminum forging © apart made from a porous plastic material . a part made from a nonporous material oe Aas Which of the following discontinuities can be found by the penetrant test method? a. a surface crack b. asubsurface crack ©. an internal inclusion . none of the above Ass Which of the following is generally the ‘more acceptable method for cleaning parts prior to penetrant testing? a. sand blasting b. wire brushing © grinding 4. vapor degreasing aaer All of the following methods are ‘commonly used to clean parts prior to penetrant testing except: a. vapor degreasing b. liquid solvent c. power wire brushing, . alkaline cleaner aaro 4 2 3 °L Ee ar2 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 8. Cutting oils may be effectively removed 12, Subsurface discontinuities can be best from parts before penetrant testing by: detected by: a, preheating a. the post-emubification penetrant be. vapor degreasing method washing with water b. the visible dye penetrant method d, all of the ebove the fluorescent, water-washble aszo ppenetrant method 4. none of the above as 9. The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid is: 13, Water-washable penetrants may be 2. metal filings applied by: b. oil c. detergents (from cleaning) a. brushing 6. water b. spraying aos ©. dipping d. all of the above ass 10. Ultraviolet light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for fuorescent penetrant inspection can 14, ‘The first step in conducting aliquid cause permanent damage to penetrant test on a surface that has been painted isto: a. human tissues bi. human eyes 4 caeullyapplythepencrantoverthe © human blood cells surface 4. none of the above ». completely remove the paint ave . thoroughly wash the surface with 2 detergent d. wire brush the surface to roughen the LL. Allof the following basic inspection smooth surface coating of paint principles apply o the visible penetrant asm methods except the penetrant must enter the 15, When using a post-emubsification discontinuity in order to form an. penetrant, itis necessary to apply the indication emulsifier: ‘indications glow when illuminated with an ultraviolet light a. before applying the penetrant . a longer penetration time is required ». afier the water-wash operation for smaller discontinuities «after the dwell time has elapsed 4. ifthe penetrant is washed out of the . after the development time has discontinuity, an indication will not elapsed be formed by that discontinuity Aa Ase ost aprPETPctSTYSPOTSOGSSCDLevel | Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method ® 16. When conducting a water-washable 20. Usually, the most desirable method of liquid penetrant test, the wet developer is removing excess water-washable applied. penetrant after the dwell time is by using a. immediately after the penetrant has a. alow pressure coarse water spray been applied bb. water and brush b. immediately before the penetrant is asolid stream of water applied 4d, water and clean rags ©. afier removal of the penetrant Aas a. alter removal ofthe emulsifier ase 21, When conducting a liquid penetrant test using a post-emulsifable visible dye 17, The term used to describe the action of a penetrant, the generally accepted method particular developer in soaking up the for applying the wet developer is by: penetrant in @ discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleedout of the a. brushing liquid penetrant for increased contrast b._ swabbing and sensitivity, is known as: c. dipping 4. spraying a. blotting eas b. capillary action concentration 4. attraction 22. Which of the following characteristics, A238 does not apply to liquid penetrant testing? Using an ultraviolet light lamp with a 2. this method can accurately measure cracked filter or without the filter in place the depth of a crack or discontinuity can cause damage to human eyes because b, this method can be used for on-site the lamp emits: testing of large parts this method can be used to find black light shallow surface discontinuities . ultraviolet light 4. this method can be made more or less © infrared light sensitive by using diferent penetrant d. none of the above materials an B24 19. The term used to define the period of 23, Which of the following discontinuities is time in which the test partis covered most likely to be missed due to improper with penetrant is: rinse techniques? a. waiting time a. a forging ap Bb, soak time (drain time) b. deep pitting €. penetration time (dwell time) ©. shallow and broad discontinuities d. bleed in time 4. the rinse technique will not affect the Ast detection of discontinuities AS. sez eeZSCTE:SCROE:SCRTSCTSCLT.SSC«O4 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 4, 25, 27, Which of the following surface 28. conditions could have a detrimental effect on a liquid penetrant test? a wet surface a rough weld an oily surface all of the above aoge aass Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting: 2. subsurface intergranular stress 29. corrosion cracking discontinuities iscontinuities open to the surface subsurface discontinuities d. lack of fusion (subsurface) asa Ultraviolet light equipment is required when penetrant testing by: the fluorescent penetrant method 30. the visible dye penetrant method the nonfluorescent penetrant method allof the above ass The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small ‘openings such as cracks or fissures is a. saturation . capillary action «blotting i. wetting agent aL Aas Excess penettant (all penetrant except that which i in discontinuities) is removed from the specimen: a. after the required penetrant dvell time has elapsed ' before the application of an emulsifier if post-emulsfier penetrant is used by means of a steam cleaner only when water-washable penetrants ate used a9 When using a post-emulsifiable penetrant, the emulsifier time should be: ‘a. as longas the penetrant dwell time b, half the penctrant dell time the same as the developer time 4. only aslongas necessary to remove the interfering background Aas When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he/she should become adjusted to the dark before inspecting parts. The generally accepted! minimum time period for becoming accustomed to the dark is: 1 min to 5 min 5 min to 10 min 10 min to 15 min no waiting period is necessary ass Liquid penetrant inspection cannot find: a. surface porosity tb. surface cracks . an internal cavity di asurface forging lap a3 a a a a aLevel | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 34. 35. All of the following materials can be tested by the usual liquid penetrant tests except: a. unglazed porous ceramic b. titanium c. high alloy steel 4. cast iron A436 Liquid penetrant testing can be used to detect a. discontinuities 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) below the surface b. internal discontinuities c. discontinuities open to the surface 4. all discontinuities Aad Which of the following are commonly accepted methods for applying penetrant? ‘@ dipping the partin penetrant dipping) . pouring the penetrant over the test specimen (flowing) spraying the penetrant on the test specimen (spraying) d, all of the above aut A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen must possess all of the following characteristics except thatthe: a. leaner must be capable of dissolving oils and greases commonly found on the surface b. cleaner must not be flammable cc. cleaner must be free of excessive contaminants 4. leaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface a8 36 37, 38, ‘Which of the statements below best states the danger of sandblasting (without subsequent chemical etching) for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested? a. the discontinuities may be pened over and closed b. oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities . the sand used in the sandblasting ‘operation may be forced into the discontinuity 4. the sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities ass ‘The penetrant applied to the surface of a test specimen: ._ seeps into discontinuities b, is absorbed by discontinuities © is drawn into discontinuities by capillary action 4. is drawn into discontinuities by gravity age ‘Which of the following statements concerning liquid penetrant testis correct? fluorescent penetrants will produce red against white discontinuity indications b. nonfluorescent penetrants require the use of ultraviolet lights ©. fluorescent indications wil be seen ‘when exposed to ultraviolet light 4. nonfluorescent discontinuities glow in the dark for easy viewing and interpretation ge me BOE SEE (ORE ze,6 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 39. When removing excess penetrant from 42, Which of the following is an advantage of the surface of atest specimen: visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants? a. the penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant from a. visible dye penetrants do not require discontinuities ultraviolet light b. sufficient excess penetrant must be b. visible dye penetrants are more removed to eliminate an interfering sensitive than fluorescent penetrants background ©. visible dye penetrants ate superior in the use of a solvent-dampened cloth is penetrating characteristics common method of penetrant «. visible dye penetrants are not toxic removal while fluorescent penetrants are toxic 4. all of the above 833 ast 43, The terms dry, aqueous wet and 40. The most widely accepted method for nonaqueous wet are used to describe removing excessive water-washeble three different types of penetrant from the surface ofa test specimen is by a. emulsifiers b. dleaners| a. using a wet rag, ©. developers bb. using a water spray rinse d. penetrants c. washing the part directly under water AaB rranning from a tap ‘4. immersing the part in water B45 44, Which of the following is not a generally accepted method for applying penetrants? ‘41, The final inspection of a test specimen for discontinuities should take place: 1 rubbing the penetrant over the surface bb. brushing the penetrant on the part a. immediately after the developer has spraying the penetrant on the part been applied di. dipping the part in the penetrant ’. any time after the developer has been pad applied after the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper 45. Which of the following is the most development time commonly used method for removing 4. immediately after the rinse operation nonwater-washable visible dye penetrant eas from the surface ofa test specimen? a dipping in a solvent b. spraying ¢. hand wiping d. blowing, B16 Dey eee COTY CGELevel ! Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 7 Which of the following isan acceptable 50. _ Before conclucting aliquid penetrant tes, method for applying wet developers? itis important to ensure thatthe surface of the partis free of: a. application with 2 soft brash b. application with « hand powder bulb a. ill orgrease & rubbing with a saturated cloth b. acids‘or chromates 4. spraying or dipping c. traces of water Bay d, allof the above A162:63 47, When using solvent removable penetrants, the excess penettant maybe SI. When performing a penctrant test using removed by: post-emulsification penetrant, which of the following is the most critical with a. dipping the part in solvent respect to proper timing? b. spraying the part with water and a solvent a. dwell time & rubbing the part with a wet rag b. developing time 4. wiping the part with a ag or cloth . emubification time that has been lightly moistened with i. drying time solvent asis2 a6 52, Which of the following is the most likely 48, While conducting a penetrant test all of result of an excessive emulsification time the following health precautions should ‘when penetrant testing with post- be applied except: «emulsification penetrants? ‘a. washing any excess penetrant from a a large number of nonrelevant skin using gasoline indications could eppear on the past . washing any penetrant from skin with b. shallow discontinuity indications soap and water as soon as possible could be lost . keeping penetrant off clothes ‘6 excess penetrant could remain after . keeping the work area clean the wash operation 69 the emulsificr could harden, preventing the developer from blotting the penetrant in 49, Which of the following surface discontinuities ‘contaminants cannot be removed by Ast ‘deaning parts in a vapor degreaser? a. grease 53, In penetrant testing, developers should be b rust able to perform all ofthe following heavy oil functions except: 4. solubie oi aaro a. blotting penetrant from discontinuities b, siding in providing an image of a discontinuity © adding fluorescence to penetrants 4. helping control bleedaut ass eS «aS ~—=«TSSCiROS:SSCGYSSCY SCY‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 54, Which of the following is the primary 58, limitation of liquid penetrant testing? &. penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities b. penetrant testing cannot locate shallow surface discontinuities © penetrant testing cannot be used on nonmetallic surfaces 4. penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material 59, ag 55, In penetrant testing, the time period Which of the following is a type of developer used in penetrant inspection? ® ary aqueous particulate nonaqueous particulate |. all ofthe above ange p36 ‘When penettant testing parts, the temperature of the parts should be near room temperature. I the partis ata low temperature when tested, the: from developer application to inspection a. penetrant may become viscous is often referred to asthe: b. penetrant may evaporate very rapidly €. color intensity of the penetrant will a. emulsification time decrease b. development time d._ penetrant will tend to adhere to the © dwell time surface of the part 4. none of the above Aas aaa 60. Ifa part to be penetrant tested is hot, the 56. Liquid penetrant testing is @ penetrant: nondestructive test that can be used for: © a may become viscous a. locating and evaluating all types of b._ may reduce sensitivity to small defects discontinuities ina test specimen €. may lose some of ts color brilliance b. locating and determining the length, d. may evaporate width, and depth of discontinuities in An38 atest specimen & determining the tensile strength of a test specimen 61, Penetrants may be classified or 4. locating discontinuities open to the subdivided by the method used to surface remove excess penetrant, Which of the ar following is a proper classification in accordance with this statement? 57. When conducting @ penetrant test using 4. nonsolvent removable fluorescent penetrant, ultraviolet light b. vapor degreased ‘equipment is required to: ©. water-washable 4. brush removable cause the penetrant to fluoresce A363? b. aid the normal capillary action characteristics of a penetrant neutralize excess penetrant on the surface decrease the surface tension of the part A50 @ a a aLevel ! Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 6. 64 specimen with fluorescent penetrants that has been previously tested using visible ye liquid penetrantis that: 4. the penetrant may form beads on the sarface b. the penetrant left in discontinuities ‘may be misleading when the specimen is retested 6. the penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance d. residue can diminish or destroy fluorescent indication brightness Asss Which of the following conditions will decrease the life of an ultraviolet light bulb? line voltage fluctuations dust on the face of the bulb changes in room temperature all of the above page 237-238 Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used during penetrant testing? a. developers are normally highly Auorescent b. developers often furnish a contrasting, background during inspection © developers absorb or biot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities after the rinse ‘operation has been completed . developers may be either wet or dry ASS true? a. sandblasting isa generally accepted method for cleaning a surface that is tobe penetrant tested b. parts should be heated prior to the application of a penetrant ©. ifthe dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of water- ‘washable penetrants 4. development time should be at least twice the penetration time Aaa ‘When using a wet developer: a. a thick layer of developer is better than a thin layer for showing very fine cracks b. compressed air should be used to remove excess developer . ablack developer will show better contrast than a white developer . a thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very fine cracks 95 Which of the following statements is false? a. sandblasting is not a recommended ‘method for preparing for a penetrant test b. itis not necessary to remove a film of oil from a part prior to penetrant testing because the penetrant is basically an oil «vapor degreasing isa very good ‘method for removing oil from the surface of the part to be penetrant tested 4. a voltage regulator should be used with an ultraviolet light if the ine ‘voltage fluctuates 162.463 a9 pop 999 SECO10 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 69. 70. A red against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when: a. dry developers are used b. visible dye penetrants are used «. fluorescent post-emulsification penetrants are used 4. wet developers are used A236 ‘The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to: a. promote penetration of the penetrant . absorb emulsifier residues . provide a blotting action to draw penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background help to dry the surface for better observation ass Which one of the following statements is an incorrect use of crack panels (blocks)? a. toestablish a standard size of crack that can be reproduced as needed . to determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants ‘. to determine if penetrant has lost or hhas reduced brilliance on fluorescent enetrants becanse of contamination . to determine the degree or method of leaning necessary to remove ppenetrant on the surface without removing it from the cracks 67.68 ‘Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using water-washable penetrants? a, be sure that the part is washed thoroughly during the rinse operation b. be sure that the recommended dell time is not exceeded . avoid over-rinsing the part 4. avoid over-application of emulsifier B45 23, ‘Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using solvent removable penetrants? a. do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier b. donot apply an excessive amount of solvent & do not use an insufficient rinse pressure 4. be sure to use an ultraviolet light to determine if the excess penetrant has been rinsed away B46 Insufficient rinsing of fluorescent penetrants will result ‘subsequent corrosion of the surface ’. difficulty in the application of developer c. excessive bleedout 4, excessive background fluorescence As2 Which of the following safety precautions does not apply when handling penetrant materialst prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be avoided because the oil orsolvent base may cause skin invitation b. excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled ¢. airline respirators and complete protective clothing must be worn at all times 4. because the solvents used with the visible penetrant process ate fiammable, this material should be kept away from open flames ara73 FL PEL ai TL POL 8BLevel | Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 42. Which of the following factors will afiect 79. resolution of penetrant indications? 4, the sensitivity of the penetrant materials used b. the surface condition of the part . the temperature of the part and/or penetrant. d. allof the above aas7ag8 The failure to completely remove acid ‘materials from a part before fluorescent penetrant is applied will result in: contamination of the penetrant materials b. anced to double the penetrating time 4 permanent stain on the part 4, allof the above as68 76. A serious loss of water in a wet developer 80. When drying parts during a penetrant tix or an excessive overconcentration of test, the parts: developer powder can cause: 4. are normally dried at room 2. alos of fluorescence during the temperature inspection operation b, are normally dried by a circulating b. nonrelevant indications hot-air dryer ©. cracking of the developer coating should be dried in an oven set ata uring the drying operation temperature of 54°C (130°F) 4, none of the above 4. should be dried by cool forced air anis.t6 Azit ‘What could happen if a person looks 81, The contamination of a water-washable directly into an ultraviolet fight? penetrant with an excessive amount of water wall: will cause permanent damage to the oes a. reduce the penetrating quality of the b. it will possibly cloud the vision of the penetrant petson looking into the light for a b. adversely affect the washability short period of time penetrant it will cause temporary total blindness both aand b are correct d. none of the above 4. neithera nor b are correct am aos 78 When using dry developer, the drying £2. Which of the following penetrant ‘operation is performed: methods is generalty used for portable field inspections? a. immediately after removal of excess penetrant a. the water-washable fluorescent b. before the inspection step penetrant method &. thoroughly b. the post-emulsification fluorescent d. allof the above penetrant method a2 the solvent removable penetrant method 4. none of the above : as? oe ekOBSCGLSSCPLSSCLSSCOLSSCGL12 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 83. When using fluorescent penetrant,the 87. Which of the following is not a property actual inspection must be performed: of a developer used in liquid penetrant testing? a. ina brightly lighted room b. with the partata temperature a. the material must be absorbent between 10 °C and 79°C (50°F and . the material must forma thin and 195°R) uniform coating over a surface c. immediately after the developer has the material must be fluorescent if been applied used with fluorescent penetrants d. ina darkened area under an 4. the material must not contain ultraviolet light ingredients harmful or toxic to the eas operator agz 84, Which of the following penetrants can be used when inspection must take place 88. Developer coatings of excessive under ordinary lighting conditions? thickness a. visible dye penetrant a. may obscure indications b. water-washable fluorescent penetrant b._ maybe beneficial while observing © post-emulsification fluorescent small indications for fluorescent penetrant penetrants i any of the above may be beneficial while observing Aso small indications for visible penetrants 4. do noteffect the inspection 85, Which ofthe following isa disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant testing method? 89, Color contrast penetrants are a. the liquid penetrant test method is commercially available in which of the adaptable to production inspection of following variations? small parts b. liquid penetrant testing can locate fine a. normal solvent clean type cracks b. water wash type the liquid penetrant test method is a & post-emulsfication type relatively simple test method 4. all of the above 4. the liquid penetrant test method is A236 not effective a all temperatures aa38 90. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen? 86. A good penetrant must do all of the following exept: 2. residue from previous liquid penetrant testing a. beable to readily penetrate very fine b. machining oil ‘openings scale, rust and corrosion b. evaporate very rapidly 4. allof the above ©. beable to remain in relatively coarse Asst ‘openings 4. be easily removed from the surface after testing Aso4 CC = @Level | Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 13 92. b 94, Cleaning of the part priorto penetrant «95. A good commercial penetrant should inspection is: have a: a. not required a. low flash point b. important because ifthe partis not b. high flash point clean, the developer cannot be © medium flash point improperly applied d. flash point is not factor to be €. essential because surface considered. conitaminants may prevent penetrant A273 from gaining access to discontinuities 4, required to eliminate possibility of showing nonrelevant indications 96, A material that is applied over the film of ar the penetrant on the surface of a part, ‘mixes with the penetrant, and enables the penetrant to be washed off the surface is When using fluorescent water-washable called: penetrant, adequate rinsing of the part is assured by: a an emulsifier b. apenetrant 2. timing of rinse eyele ©. adeveloper b, scrubbing of part surface 4. anisomer . rinsing under ultraviolet light Asi 4. using high pressure air with water Aso 97, The time allowed for the penetrant to ‘enter discontinuities that may be present ‘What can happen if a part processed by isthe: visible dye penetrant inspection is ‘emulsification time reprocessed by the fluorescent penetrant a method? . application time © dwell time 4. developer may remain on the surface d. drain time causing background aaa b. most visible dyes diminish or destroy fluorescence . penetrants are not compatible 98. Which of the following penetrant systems d. interpretation will be difficult is generally considered to be the mast ass sensitive? a. water-washable ~ visible dye A.suitable filter must be used at all times, b. solvent removable - visible dye ‘over an ultraviolet light bulb because: ©. water-washable ~ fluorescent dye 4d. post-cmulsification ~ fluorescent dye ‘too much white light will be present if 42637 the filter is notin place >, the human eye may be damaged without it the filter fiters out undesired wave lengths 4. all ofthe above Aas P86 916 886SGSCPGCEGS(GSCTS14 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 99, Thebest choice ofa developer for useon 104. Which of the following processes would a very smooth surface when using « bbe most sensitive to detecting very fine fluorescent penetrant would be: defects? a. dry flutiy a. oil-and-whiting process b. dry ~ regular bb. water-washable process wet c post-emtulsification process e. none of the above i. water emulsifiable visible dye as2 penetrant process 436.37 100. ‘The purpose of an emulsifier is to: 105. When using the post-emulsification ‘a. combine with the penctrant to make fluorescent process, which of the ‘the resultant mixture removable by @ folloveing methods cannot be used? water rinse ', assist the blotting action of the a. dipping the partin the emulsifier developer '. spraying the part with emulsifier «increase the penetration of the pouring emulsifier over the part penetrant into fine discontinuities brushing emulsifier on the part 4. eliminate false indications 250 A253 406. Which of the following would be the 101. Developer assists inthe detection of ‘most desirable center wavelength for the visible liquid penetrant ifdications by ‘output of the light source used in ‘uorescent processes? ‘a. providing a clean surface », providing a contrasting background a. 320nm . providing a dry surface b. 365.nm emulsifying the penetrant ©. 520nm Ass 4. 565 nm Aza 102. Liquid penetrant examination can detect all of the following types of 107. Bleedout of penetrant from a cold shut is discontinuities except an example of: a. a forging lap a. atrue indication b. aseam b. anonrelevant indication . asurface crack ©. afalse indication subsurface porosity 4. none of the above As 0.2353 103. What is the most universally used ultraviolet light? incandescent lamps b, metallic carbon ares tubular BL fluorescent lamps 4. enclosed meseury-vapor arc lamps 9.230 Biot a90F PSOY 9¥OT PEOF PzOT UOT 00r 65@ Level | Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 15 108. 108. Liquid penetrants become sluggish at temperatures: a. above 38°C (10°F) b. between 10 °C and 38 °C (50 °F and 100°) . below 10°C (50°F) d. below 21°C (70°F) 8.60 Why isit possible to flush a surface with a coarse water spray to which a water- washable penetrant was applied, remove the excessive penetrant, and not remove the penetrant that isin the defects? a. the liquid will not wash the penetrant from the defects because the penetrant has to be drawn out by the developer b. the nature of a water-washable penetrant is such that water will not dissolve the penetrant; it has to push the penetrant off the surface, which is why a epray is used the water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most defect openings a. awwater spray should not be used; the penetrant should be removed by a cloth dampened with water 448,49 no. Which of the items listed below is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant test method? 1. the method cannot find discontinuities that are not opened to the surface ’. the method is simple in principle and relatively easy to understand, ©. the method is essentially simple in application 4. there are few limitations on the size and shape of the article that can be treated by this method As COTE 9607 ROT46 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing MethodLevel Il Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 47 9 Level II Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Which of the following physical 4 propetties, more than any other, determines what makes 2 material a good penetrant? viscosity surface tension wetting ability no one single property determines ifa material will or will not bea good penetrant Aa0,8485 5. ‘The speed with which ¢ penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest extent by which of the following properties? capillary action surface tension and wettabi viscosity density AB 6. ‘Which of the statements below applies to the liquid penetrant method of testing? a. the penetrant test method is less flexible than the eddy current test method b. the penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle ‘method for finding surface defects in 7. ferromagnetic materials €. the penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks 4. the penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing when attempting to detect minute surface discontinuities as Which of the following types of discontinuities cannot be detected by the liquid penetrant test method? surface laminations internal forging bursts surface eracks surface laps ag Which of the following types of discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuity often found in cast material? fatigne crack stress corrosion crack porosity lack of penetration apge aa2s Which of the following discontinuities could be classified asa finishing processing discontinuity? fatigue crack stress corrosion crack lamination heat-treat crack aces aa ‘Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a service induced discontinuity? a. fatigue crack b. porosity machining fear 4. lap aae7 eL Po 8S YOESC Pr18 ‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Allof the following methods are recommended to remove grease from the surface of a penetrant test specimen except: vapor degreasing alkoline cleaning cleaning with solvent type material hot water rinsing epee aazo ‘The penetrant indication for a cold shut oon the surface of a casting will bea dotted or smooth continuous ine cluster of small indications rough deep indication large bulbous indication epee B23 ‘The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be a a. round or nearly round indication . cluster of indications ¢. continuous line 4. dotted line 823 ‘When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of fatigue cracks porosity vweld laps hot tears anes B23 Penetrant developer is commonly available in all ofthe following forms except dry developer nonaqueous developer wet developer high viscosity developer ass ‘Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications? a excessive washing b. inadequate application of developers ©. penetrant or part too cold during, penetration time 4. lint or dirt 820 Developer assists in the detection of ppenetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding the ‘a. post-cleaning process bb. emulsification process . Dleedout process drying process A56 Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye peneteant test indications by: a. providing a clean surface bb providing a contrasting background providing dry surface emulsifying the penetrant bleedout ASS ‘When using post-emalsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by: a. reapplying a coating of emulsifier b. increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by using a longer emulsifier time, if allowed 4. dipping the part in boiling water asa oF GST (OFT, per at OOrSCOG PeLevel Il Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 19 18, 19, 20. ‘Which of the following methods for applying nonaqueous developer is normally considered the most effective? spraying swabbing brushing dipping ase Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of precleaning a test item to remove organic contaminants such as ‘tease prior to a penetrant testi: a. vapor degreasing . detergent cleaning hotwater rinse d. solvent wiping aso Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent ppenetrants respond most actively to radiant energy with a wavelength of approximately a. 700mm b. 250k c. 365m) d. I kd (100 fe} Emubsifier time: a. isimportant but not normally critical is the time needed to rinse the ‘emulsifier and excess penetrant from the surface is extremely important and will greatly aflect test results 4. should be as long as economically practical 81.52 ‘When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant, there are several ways to remove excess penetrant ftom the surface of the part. Which of the methods listed. below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test results? 4. squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 276 kPa (40 psi) pressure . wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth wiping with a solvent dampened loth, then wiping with dry cloths 4. wiping with dry paper wipes, then swiping with a solvent dampened loth, and finally wiping with dry loth Aas Prior to the penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, ‘which of the cleaning methods listed below would best remove any smeared ‘metal that could mask discontinuities? etching shot peening. alkaline cleaning water cleaning with detergents Aas Whyis the drying process used in penetrant testing? a. the drying process is used to ensure that all excess penetrant will evaporate b. the drying process ensures the uniform drying of dry developer applied over a wet emulsifier . the drying process reduces penetration time 4. after the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating AST Pez ee (SCOOT, emt20 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 24, 25, 26. ‘Which of the following reasons best describes why excessive drying of « part should be avoided? a. the extra time required is wasted b. the developer may lose its blotting ability ‘c. a reduction in fluorescent brilliance may result 4. the excess developer may be difficult to remove Ase Which of the following variables must be considered to use the time required for an indication to develop asa measure of the extent of the discontinuity? a. the type of penetrant and sensitivity of technique b. the type of discontinuity . the temperature of the material being tested 4. allof the above Ass When using a fluorescent, post- emulsifiable penetrant, the length of time the emulsifier is allowed to remain on the partis critical when detecting shallow scratchlike discontinuities, The actual length of time should be: os 21038 determined by experimentation As2 ‘Water-washable liquid penetrants differ from post-emalsification penetrants in that water-washable penetrants: a. can only be used on aluminum test specimens b. donot need to be removed from surfaces prior to development c. have asoapy base ¢. do not need the application of an ‘emulsifier before rinsing 29, 30. ‘Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface of a penetrant test specimen is false? a. the contaminant maybe of a composition that attacks the penetrant and reduces the fluorescence or color of the penetrant b. the contaminant may reduce or even prevent capillary action by the penetrant the contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity ofthe inspection 4. the contaminant may completely fill the crack and thus prevent the entry of penetrant aast ‘The function of the emulsifier in the post-emulsifiation penetrant method is to: 8. more rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks b. react with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water-washable ‘add fluorescent dye or pigment to the penetrant 4. provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere Aas ‘When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post- ‘emulsification penetrant, the emulsification time should be long enough to: a. mix the emubifier with the excess surface penetrant only b. mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the surface and in discontinuities mix the emulsifier with penetrant in the discontinuities 4, allow the emubifier to dry out to. white powder Paz Ole POZ CSET Ast é@Level I! Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 24. @» 32, 33. 34 Which of the following practices should 35, be avoided when performing a penetrant test? applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier applying developer by spraying the part with developer removal of water-washable penetrant with a water spray |. applying emulsifier with a brush B50 36, A commonly used method of checking on the overall performance of a liquid penetrant system is by a determining the viscosity of the penetrant measuring the wetability of the penetrant Comparing sections of artificially cracked specimens allof the above b 4 A259 An important difference between nonwater-washable penetrants and water ‘washable penetrants is that a._water-washable penetrants contain an ‘emulsifier while nonwater-washable penetrants do not the viscosity of the two penetrants is different the color of the two penetrants is different nonwater-washable penetrants are mote easily removed than water- washable penetrants 38, A36 Which ofthe following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled barstock? 38, Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type of penetrant to be used in a penetrant test. removal characteristics of the penetrant sensitivity level the cost of the penetrant allof the above A940 Which materials should be avoided in the penetrant system when testing titanium alloys? carbon or oil hhalogenated solvents emalstier or oil fluorescent agents aavo Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in sand castings? incomplete penetration undercut pipe shrinkage aaze Which ofthe following is a discontinuity that might be found in a welded fabrication? shrinkage center bead crack, cracks in heat- affected zone, or crater cracks laps ferry Which ofthe following isa discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate? a. shrinkage b. bleedout a. laminations . laps b. shrinkage d. undercut lack of fusion As29 undercut As28 ccc ORECESCE:COCGE:CéiHE:C*«E:C*«C ESC*«é z22 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 40. Which of the following contaminants 4 aL 2. 48. could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant? acid water salts allof the above Aas Which of the following isa discontinuity that might be found in a forging? b, a shrinkage cracks 45. laps cold shuts insufficient penetration aa29 Which of the following isa discontinuity that mightbe found in rolled plate stock? b. 7 inclusions shrinkage cracks forging laps blow holes Asz9 46. Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescent penetrants over visible type penetrants? the inspection can be carried out in a ‘well lighted area small indications are more easly seen they can be used where contact with water i objectionable 4” they are less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities Aas ‘Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over Suorescent penetrants? 4, small indications are more easily seen bb. they can be used on anodized and chromate surfaces they make less background on rough surfaces no special lighting is required Aas ‘Which of the following is an advantage of solvent wipe methods over water washing? a. no special lighting is necessary during, inspection ®. they provide a quicker penetration of small openings . small indications are more easily seen d. they can easily be carried out in the field and remote areas, a6 ‘The tendency of aliquid penetrant to center a discontinuity is primarily related wo the: ‘viscosity of the penetrant capillary forces ‘chemical inertness of the penetrant |. specific gravity of the penetrant ABs ‘The emulsifier is used: a. to wash the penetrant out of discontinuities b. to aid in washing off the surface of parts when using either the water or oil soluble penetrants . to-emulsify the oil soluble penetrant, thereby making it water washable 4. to preclean parts before applying penetrant ast Sly ash Pe Poy ehh SSCéROYLevel tI Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 23 @ 48. The prime purpose ofthe ultraviolet light 53. When improper processing causes for fluorescent penetrant inspection isto: inspection difficulties, what should the inspector dot a. magnify indications b. make the indications visible a swab parts with a solvent ¢. develop indications b. use. correc bleedback procedure 4. speed up inspection ¢. erase nonrelevant fluorescence A226 4, reprocess the part Aas 49. Why ist advisable to have an ultraviolet light installed atthe wash station? 5A, Which ofthe following is most likely to render the post-emalsfication test a. ta check the effectiveness of the wash ineffective! eydle b to speed the bleeding of penetrant out athe peneteant time is too long of defects b. the developing time is to long . so inspection can be done without . the emulsifying time i to long drying parts 4. none of the aboxe 4. to determine if parts have been Ast covered with penetrant Azas 55. Dry developer should be applied: 50-. Developer powder should always be a. s0 that a heavy coat of developer covers all surfuces 8 a. highly Suorescent b. so that alight dusting covers all . applied wet surfaces to be inspected «colorless «with a dry paint brush evenly applied 4. by dipping Ass Ase Si. When viewing parts, fluorescent 56. Which factor would apply in determining background may indicate the dwell time required forthe penetrant tobe effective? a. poor washing bs. insufficient emulsifying time (post- a. type of discontinuity sought emulsification method) b. shape of part porous material and costing «. size of part 4. allofthe above 4. surface roughness Aas Aas6 52, Inthe absence ofa written acceptance 57. The part isan aluminum forging criteria, ejection or acceptance of parts Description — the indication is sharp, should be based on the: halfmoon shaped, not deep. Irs called a. inspector’ education a. alap b. design ofthe part and its intended ». conte line porosity application . aheat teat race D appropriate penetrant standard i a false indication 4. selection ofthe penetrant Ase aaa es 69g «499~=«G:SCEGSC GSTS24 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 58, The partis a 13 mm (0.5 in.) thick 62. Which of the following isa discontinuity aluminum plate with a V fusion weld. ‘that might be found in rolled bar stock? Description — the indication appears as straight line, The indication is: a. blowhole . shrinkage lap a. shrinkage crack or seam b. nonrelevant 4. lack of penetration & aquench crack aaz9 lack of fusion asea 63. ‘The term nonrelevant indication is used to describe certain types of penetrant 59. The part is an aluminum casting, testing indications. Which of the Description — the casting has a very following would be a typical nonrelevant complex design. In one section, there is a indication? flat area having a thickness of 32 mm (13 in.) In the center ofthis area is a ‘indications due to part geometry or round section, 51 mm (2 in,) thick and part design configurations 25 mm (1 in.) in diameter, There are b. nonmagnetic indications linear indications about one-half the multiple indications distance around the base where it joins 4. nonlinear indications into the thin section. The indication is pat called: a. dross 64, Which of the statements below best states b. hottear the danger of using sandblasting for ©. microshrinkage cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested? 4. porosity B63 a. the discontinuities may be closed b. oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities 60. Shrinkage cracks are usually found in & the sand used in the sandblasting what areas ofa casting? ‘operation may be forced into the discontinuity a. thin sections only 4. the sandblasting operation may b. heavy sections only introduce discontinuities in the part ¢. at abrupt changes in thickness 2.4344 4d. no longer a problem ase 65. A continuous linear indication can be caused by which of the following 61, Which of the following isa discontinuity discontinuities? that might be found in a forging? a porosity a. shrinkage crack >. slag inchusions b. lap «. pitting c. hot tear casting cracks 4. lamination Ass3 aaze pas eySEDSC«DSCTGS«C«ODSCGGSC BSLevel il Questions - uid Penetrant Testing Method 25 Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen? a. penetrant on the test table . penctrant on the hands of the inspector ©. contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant 4. allof the above a66 A ctack type discontinuity will generally appear asi a. around indication b. a continuous line either straight or jagged ¢. a straight, single sofid line 4. random round or elongated holes 139,434 68, Which of the following discontinuities would be impossible to detect using a liquid penetrant test? 2 forging lap crater crack {gtinding cracks nonmetallic internal inclusions az Pea a9 Pao26 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing MethodLevel Ill Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 27 ®@ Level II! Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 1. Chemical cleaners are often used for very 4 dirty, greasy parts. If used: 4. the surface mast be subsequently cleaned with a solvent cleaner b. the surface must be thoroughly rinsed free of any residue © heat must be used to ensure the removal of any detergents from surface openings the surfaces must be subsequently cleaned with a volatile solvent cleaner ases 5, 2. Generally, vapor degreasing is considered tobe onc of the best methods of preparing a part for liquid penetrant inspection because: a. the solvent vapor removes all petroleum based materials b. it totally removes all surface contaminants c. the method is easily adapted to virtually any size ofthe part 4. the solvent vapor removes all inorganic soils A898 3. When penetrant is applied to parts by 6 dipping, the parts should be: a. leftin the tank during the entire dell time by sot aside until the dvell time is up placed on a rack designed to return any excess drainage to the dipping station placed in the alkaline solvent rinse tank immediately 9 A205 With all other factors the same when removing penetrant from the surface by spray water wash, penetrant in a crack ‘would be harder to remove ifit has: low viscosity high viscos medium viscosity viscosity is not important ass ‘The most desirable objectives governing the cleaning operations when removing surface penetrant are to remove: a. little penetrant from defects and leave ‘a minimal of residual penetrant remaining on the surface bb. little penetrant from a defect and leave no residual penetrant remaining on the surface no penetrant from defects and leave a minimal of residual penetrant on the part surface 4. no penetrant from defects and leave zo residual penetrant on the part surface Aas ‘The best method of removing the excess ‘water-washable penetrantis to: a. immediately immerse the part in the water rinse tank b. use water running directly from a tap boil in hot water or steam spray use a hose and nozzle with a coarse spray Aan rm 9 ww © &28 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 7. When removing excess post-emulsifiable 11, Removal of residual penetrant or penetrant in a production situation developer materials by a suitable post- involving relatively large irregularly ‘leaning technique is advantageous in shaped parts, you may use a which of the following cases? a. coarse spray 4. whete it could interfere with, b. strong water blast subsequent processes or with service & commercial solvent b, where it could provide a contrasting, 4. hot water immersion background aaa © where it could assist in the ‘emulsification of the penetrant bleedout 8. The sensitivity of wet developers can be di where it could assist inthe lattice seriously impaired: structure breakdown aso a. when the developer temperature is ‘greater than the ambient temperature ’b, when the thickness of the coating 12, Post-cleaning is particularly important becomes too heavy where residual penetrant or developer ©. ifthe corrosion inhibitors are added materials may combine with other to the developer materials in service to produce: 4. if the surface of the part is polished ASS 4. false penetrant indications b. acontrasting background &. corrosive action 9, When isa nonaqueous wet developer 4. proper surface te generally preferred? a. when the dryer oven temperature is above 121 °C (250°R) 13. Post-cleaning should be performed: when it is essential to use the most sensitive developers a. as soon as possible if the material is ©. when using fluorescent penetrant on susceptible to corrosion an as-cast surface b. after several hours because the drier dd. when using fluorescent penetrant on the materials are, the easier they can a wire brushed weld be wiped off A99 ©. with the part warm to enhance the solubility of penetrant material ‘4. with the part chilled to cause the 10. ‘The best method of drying after the materials to lose their cohesion application of a wet developer is are normally a. blotting the surface gently with absorptive paper toweling b, allowing the part to dry slowly at or slightly below the ambient temperature © rapid drying with a normal room temperature air blast 4. drying with circulating air ata ‘maximum of 71 °C (160 °F) Asse Ce a ase @Level Ill Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 29 15, 16. Ocular fluorescence should be considered 17. ‘when arranging ultraviolet lights for testing, because direct or reflected ultraviolet light shining into the inspector's eyes: a. could cause tissue damage b. isharmless and of no consequence © even though temporary, can become ‘extremely annoying and may impair inspector effectiveness 4. even though annoying, it wll not impair inspector effectiveness ast 18, Residual acids and chromates are detrimental to the fluorescent processes because: a. the fluorescent dyes may be decomposed, resulting in weakor faint test indications . acids and oxidizing agents react with the fluorescent dyes only in the presence of water 19, . acids and oxidizing agents react with the fluorescent dyes only in the presence of emulsifiers which are contained in water-wash penetrants 4. emulsifiers neutralize the effects of the acids and chromates A108.404 Due to the nature of penetrant material ‘most methods have which of the following adverse effects on operator health? a. penetrants are a hazard due to their inorganic base 2. b. penetrant methods include materials which can cause dermatitis if proper precautions are not observed ©. penetrant materials contain hallucinogens that can cause a sense Which ofthe following is an advantage of post-emulsiiable methods over water- washable methods? a. the excess penetrant removal is accomplished by water spray b. they usually exhibit higher sensitivity to tight cracks the overall test time is shortened . their sensitivity is easier to contrat 4.36.37 When compared to other methods, which of the items below are disadvantages of water emulsifiable visible dye methods? d. requirements of ordinary light Asser ‘The type of penettant to be used on an investment casting should be: 4, water-washable visible dye for ‘maximum sensitivity and water- ‘weshability b. solvent removable because of size and shape ©. post-emulsifiable fluorescent for maximam sensitivity and water- swashability 4. solvent removable for greater visibility 4.344.345 "There isa variety of equipment available for precleaning parts prior to penetrant application. OF the following, the recommended method for removing the oil phases if practical, is: of drunkenness a. sand or grit blasters d. modern penetrants have been b. solvent or chemical tanks improved to be virtually hazard free c. vapor degreasers ArL72 water detergent washing machines asroa71 20g OGT=CBTPLECGTST CORT,30 ‘Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 21 2. 23. 24, If modular equipmenthas been obtained 25. for a penetrant inspection system using fluorescent post-emulsifiable penetrant and wet developer, the dryer should be placed: 4 after the developer tank ». before the emulsifier tank before the developer tank 4. after the wash unit A205 26. In a modulat equipment system using a ‘water-washable fliorescent penetrant and dry developer, ultraviolet light should be available: at the penetrant station at the developer station |. after the oven cycle pore 4203-208 Filters for ultraviolet lights effectively a. natural white light b. radiation of a wavelength above 300 . visible light from the energy given off 28. by the mercury arc fluorescence from the penetrant aat2 “The use of 100 W spot bulbs with a plain filter for color contrast penetrants produces: a. ahigh intensity narrow beam b. large amount of light over a large © doesnot have a high maximum intensity in any one area 4. is ideal for inspecting large parts A223 at the wash station 27. A good penetrant must be: & able to enter extremely fine surface openings b. highly viscous ©. highly volatile d. an inorganic base liquid ao ‘Wetting ability is measured by the 2. specific gravity b. density contact angle 4. surface tension Aaa ‘Which of the following functions does a developer perform? a. lots the penetrant by drawing it out of discontinuities b. masks out nonrelevant indications Gries out the surface ofthe part 4. provides a noncontrasting background aase When inspecting using fluorescent penetrant methods, an indication will appear asa: 4. soft white glow against a gray background '. brilliant yellow green glow against a white background ©. bright yellow green glow against a black background 4. brilliant yellow green glow against a deep violet blue background aass EZ PLZ (09% occ heSOCZCSC«‘iSC*«TLevel Ill Questions ~ Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 34 A visible dye indication will usually 33. Porosity indications in ceramics would appear as a: appear: a. right red glovr against a w 4. more intense than porosity background indications in metals b. red color against a gray background b. essentially the same as porosity . red color against a white background indications in metals . red color against a glowing white . less intense than porosity indications background in metals aasa 4. as minute cracks At50 30. Ian indication reappears after the original developer has been removed and 34, When inspecting a hard fired ceramic another coat is applied, the discontinuity: that is very porous, the best inspection method would be the: 2. containsa reservoir of penetrant b. isprobably shrinkage a. filtered particle method ©. ismostlikely porosity b. lectrified particle method 4. ismost likely aerack © brittle enamel method A136 4. emulsifiable color contrast method asat 31. If upon proper reprocessing, a faint indication fails to reappear, what could be 45. A partially welded forging lap would e the cause? probably: ait was probably false indication a giveno indication by. the area has been overcleaned ». appear asa very thin, continuous line ¢. the indication is probably due to a ©. appear as a broad, continuous line small law 4. appear as an intermittent fine 4. reprocessing has resealed the opening asg9..94 A352 36. A ragged line, of variable width and 32. A network of interconnecting jagged lines numerous branches on castings caused appeating in hard fired, unglazed cerannic bya difference in cooling rates between products would be an indication of thick and thinner sections, would most likely be an indication of a. grinding eracks b. fatigue cracks a. shrinkage ‘shrinkage cracks ». cold shut . thermal shock ©. hot tear asa a. bop 263 mee PSESCPE:*!OCMEE:*COCéCE:SC*CTES*C*«OESC*C«Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-IC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 37. 38. 39. 40. A deep crater crack will frequently appear 41 small tight crack b, rounded indication . fine linear indication 4. faint intermittent line ama “The forces generated by capillary attraction cause aliquid to rise spontancously in acapillary tube.These 42. forces are also involved in the: a. entry of aliquid into a crack b. solubility of liquid . flash point of aliquid 4d, chemical inertness ofa liguid Ase Viscosity has a considerable effect on some of the practical aspects of the use of ‘apenetrant.It isan important factor in 43, the: a. solubility of contaminants b, washabilty of a penetrant . degree of fluorescence emitted 4. rate with which a penetrant will drain off.a smooth surface ase One of the two most important 44 properties of a good penetrant is wetting ability, Wetting ability is: a. measured by contact angle and is not related to surface tension b. a function of viscosity and increases as surface tension decreases measured by contact angle and decreases as surface tension increases dd. measured by surface tension and increases as contact angle decreases Aas A penetrant that will spread over the surface of the test area in a smooth, even film despite a small amount of surface contamination is sai to have: low viscosity high viscosity wetting ability 4d. low evaporation Aso ‘The sensitivity of two penetrants for crack detection is best compared by: using a hydrometer to measure specific gravity busing cracked aluminum blocks c measuring the contact angles in a ‘wetting test 4. the meniscus test A200 For post-emubsfiable penetrants,a good method for establishing emulsifying time is by: a. experimentation b. the water drop through test . the water tolerance test 4. using published book values ass ‘A newly mixed batch of wet developer should: a. be checked by a hydrometer be agitated for at least 30 min ©. be checked for evenness of coating d. allof the above Aaas Per Beaty ot POP OGESCRESOCLELevel IIl Questions - Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 33 a penetrant to water contamination based on the amount of water is the: a. water drop through test b. hydrometer test photofluorometer test i. water tolerance test 109 ‘The ability of an indication to be seen can be assigned a value called the contrast ratio. This ratio is based on the amount of, a. white light present as opposed to the amount of light absorbed by the dye >. light reflected by the background as opposed to the amount of light absorbed by the dye . light absorbed by the background as 46._A method for evaluating quantitative opposed to the amount of light ‘values for the emitted light of fluorescent reflected by the dye ‘materials is the use ofa: 4. light reflected by the background as, “opposed to the amount of light a. fluorometer reflected by the dye b. filtermeter Aso ©. refractometer 4. spectrometer Adt1 49, ‘The contrast ratio of a red dye penetrant to awhite developer is normally about: 47. When performing an evaluation of the a. 100t01 fluorescent ability ofa penetrant, the b. 33t01 value that is normally sought is the: & 10to1~20t01 4. 9102 . amount of actual light emitted by Ast indications b. amount of ultraviolet light necessary to cause the material to fluoresce 50. ‘The test object and standard penetrant ©. relative amount of light emitted by the ‘materials should be within a particular fluorescent material compared to temperature range. One of the reasons an other penetrants excessively cold penetrant is undesirable 4. relative amount of light emitted by the is that as the temperature becomes lower: fluorescent material compared to the light emitted by the background a. the viscosity increases aan b. the viscosity decreases ©. fewer volatile materials will be lost d. the dyes degrade ass 51. If the surface temperature of the test part is excessively hot, the: a. viscosity of the penetrant may be too igh bb, surface tension of the penetrant © penetrant may lose fluorescent brightness as the dyes are degraded 4. contact angle increases A085 ors 80S =—GYSCPRYCOLY OOP34 Supplement to Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (Q&A Book): Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 52. 53. ‘Which of the following isa criterion for a good dryer? a. thas the ability to dry the surface slowly b. thas the ability to heat the part to an optimum temperature in a miniram of time so thatthe partis both dry and warm as promptly as possible c. ithas the electrical heating elements so that there is a guarantee that no ‘contaminants can be introduced into the inspection process itis a warm air blast system A204 ‘What are two very important properties that determine whether a liquid will have high penetrating ability? 2. surface tension and cosine of the contact angle b. viscosity and cosine of contact angle . cosine ofthe contact angle and density 4. surface tension and viscosity Ass 54, 55. ‘Where precleaning is necessary and a residue free solvent is used, which of the following is observed? a. the solvents are not suitable for removing grease 1, the solvents are not suitable for removing oil the sent should never be used for removing grease and oils the solvents are suitable for removing, grease and oils, but are generally not adequate if solids are embedded in void areas aa70 When utilizing the fluorescent post- emulsifiable penetrant method and performing the tinse cycle, which of the following will prevent overrinsing? a. rinse before the penetrant is completely emalsified bi. rinse after the penetrant is completely emulsified &. discontinue the rinse as soon as the surface penetrant is removed from the pert dd. rinse only with water hotter than 43°C (110°R) 6g —~PPS=RESCeG