Running head: APA Style sample 1

APA Style Sample

Laura Hicks - 20172926

Notre Dame University, Fremantle

Contents

Discussion............................................................................................................................3
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Examples..........................................................................................................................3

Format..............................................................................................................................4

Summary..............................................................................................................................5

References...........................................................................................................................6

APA Style Sample

American Psychological Association style is primarily used in the social science

disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and shows many

similarities, but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the APA in detail.

Discussion

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than indicating the

author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and date of publication. The page

number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the citation when using a direct quote

(not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the

date of publication in parentheses directly after the name. If the name is not mentioned include

the author's name and date in parentheses at the end of the source material. And, if you use a

direct quote, place the page number after the publication date within the parentheses.

Addressing plagiarism has become a major challenge in education (Bretag, 2013 and Hosny &
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Fatima, 2014) and educating students in referencing correctly with the APA 6th is one way of

trying to overcome the problem.

Examples

Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (1999) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews. However, it has

been pointed out that the research was conducted in a selective, highly biased, way (Strong &

Porter, 1998). All of the interviewees have been called exceptions to the norm (Strong &

Porter, 1998, p. 5).

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the second example

paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third example provides a direct

quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does not identify the authors within the

sentence. If the authors were identified within the sentence in the third example, the authors'

names would be followed by the year of publication and only the page numbers would be in the

parentheses at the end of the quote.

Format

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls the

Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA Works Cited format.

With APA you include the initial of the author's first name rather than the complete name, the

publication date immediately follows the author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles are

not surrounded with quotation marks. The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name (or

title in the absence of an author) and the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same

entry are indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with
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referencing is Notre Dames referencing guide at http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-

box-3040351. There is also a summary downloadable help document available at:

http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459 In APA Style, you include a reference list

rather than a bibliography with your paper (APA, Bibliography Versus Reference List, n.d.).

A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper whereas a bibliography may

include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated description

of each one.

Summary

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6th

referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and the reference

list there are a number of formatting requirements to ensure your essay complies with APA

standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

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References

APA. bibliography vs reference list. Retrieved from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-

references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Med, 10(12), e1001574.

Graduation. [Photography]. Retrieved from Encyclopdia Britannica ImageQuest.

http://quest.eb.com/search/139_1920759/1/139_1920759/cite

Hosny, M., & Fatima, S. (2014). Attitude of students towards cheating and plagiarism: University

case study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(8), 748-757. doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757

Strong, R. L., & Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations. In S. Parker, & K. Gibson

(Eds.), Language and literacy (pp. 540-578). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Terrence, H. S. (1999, Nov 12,). Student success in community colleges. Oregonian, pp. 6-7.